Essays on Foreign Policy

Presidential Inaugural Address is the first speech that a politician says as president and which outlines his objectives and challenges as the newly elected head of the country. In his address, Jan. 20, 2009, Barack Obama called on all Americans to unite the common efforts in the fight against the crisis and in improving the world both at home and abroad. He began his speech with a description of the current disappointing situation in the country, including the social and economic spheres of life. Next, he moved to the more general and global challenges of foreign policy, which he ...

Assignment #4: Parties and Elections

The paper will examine the party platforms from the end of the 20th century and hence the year 2000. The examination of the Republican and Democratic platforms will show the similarities and differences between the platforms represented by the running candidates Albert Gore Jr. and George W. Bush. Bush has won the 2000 presidential elections with 271 electoral votes compared to the 266 electoral votes won by Albert Gore, Jr. The first differences seen in the platforms is the length since the Democratic platform with 24.220 words is shorter as the Republican platform with 34.555 words (The American Presidency ...

The contemporary situation in the U.S. regarding its foreign policy is still unknown. By and large, the latter’s foundations for the next four years will be defined by the President through his behavior on the international arena and the relevant orders. However, the stable to some extent foreign policy of the United States can be different from the previous years. In fact, the worries have been expressed throughout the presidential campaign, as two adverse points of view were supported. One of them was to remain the supporter of NATO, alien for all the friendly states of Europe, East ...

The Long-range goals set for foreign policy have been consistency since 1990, a period which has been associated with different presidents, wars and worst terrorists in the nation. Among the goals, the top priority is protecting the Americans from the terrorist’s attacks. The nation is known to be associated with worst attacks which lead to deaths of lots of people and destruction of the property thus affecting the entire operations of the country. The second goal is protecting the jobs of the American citizens. There is a record rate of 81 % on the success of protecting the American ...

In the research, the broader question that will be the foundation of the study is “Why did the U.S. invade Iraq in 2003?” However, the narrower question that was derived from the broad topic concerns the role of geopolitics in the Iraq invasion. For this reason, the question that the research topic will seek to answer regards geopolitics in the U.S. and how this political concept contributed to the attack. The research question will first define geopolitics. Collin described geopolitics as the concepts of space, scale, network, territory, region, and place that influence international politics (17). Also, the author ...

US Foreign Policy and Latin America During the Cold War

The Alliance for progress was a multi billion dollar aid program that was devised by the Kennedy administration to foster economic relations with Latin America and also thwart the growth of communism in the region in the aftermath of the cold war. The Alliance for Progress was a result of the cold war between the USSR and the US, the Cuban revolution and the US fear that communism could take root in a region that was poor, unstable and economically underdeveloped. Latin America was largely colonized by the Europeans and the relation between the US and the continent was ...

Question 1 Response: Creating a new Constitution was vital to the unity of the United States of America since the Articles of Confederation weren’t sufficient for good government. If there was any evidence of this, it was that the United States was clearly bankrupt and now needed to be organized in such a manner that both the States and the Federal government had to share power in such a manner that everyone’s interests were kept in mind. A centralized approach was key to putting the country back on track. Hence, a meeting was held in the Pennsylvania ...

National Security Council

Colleagues, good morning and welcome to the White House! The fact that you are here today already speaks highly of you all, considering the demanding education requirements, professional skills and personal integrity required to serve in this office. My name is Keith Kellogg, a retired Army Lt. Gen. I was recently appointed as chief of staff and executive secretary of the National Security Council. You may have seen my name in media headlines branding me as the top spy and the right hand of the National Security Adviser to the President (Bender, 2016). The realities are slightly different. As ...

Industrialization after the Civil War

Introduction .3 Economic Development ..3

Political Development .5 Social Development 7 Conclusion ..8 Reference ..10 Introduction The American Civil War of 1861-1865 was a historical momentum of great significance. The capitalists of the North beat the South and thus determined the development of the whole State for the years to come. Due to the immense amount of natural resources, which facilitated the industrialization of the United States, the latter was also able to adopt the capitalist theories and implement them. The Civil War was a milestone in history which boosted the general development of the State and its industrialization, ...

The uncertainty of the United States when it comes to the incidents of the grey zone is problematic. However, Washington does not like to be drawn into encounters with China in the rocks of Western Pacific. Regarding the Sino-U.S in the regional perception, the leadership of the United States will be shaped by the extent to which it is willing to confront the attempts of China in creating facts on the water via its creeping incrementalism (Schreer, 2015). The doubt of the U.S willingness to copy China has led to friction particularly within the alliance between Japan and the ...

President George H.W. Bush was a conservative in terms of his foreign policy for he firmly believed that it was America’s duty to rid the world of dictators and instill the same kind of democracy that they practice in the United States. While this may appear similar to Reagan’s foreign policy, however, Bush was more active in giving power to various government organizations such as the National Security Council thus promoting the influence of its advisor. Not only that, Bush also took to removing Russia out of its dominant position in Eastern Europe as the Cold War ...

Every period in the history of a country differs not only in a number and sequence of events happening, people playing critical roles in it, or culture which defines people’s attitudes and behaviors. They also differ in perception of things and events by people, hence the variety of meanings people associate with certain ideas. It is true that meaning of an idea changes with the flow of time depending on historical environment, on the complex of events which happen in the given period. Therefore, the idea of freedom has been changing through American history, and the goal of ...

After a short abstract, authors put a short introduction on the topic to be described in the paper. Next, authors described in larger details the workshop that was organized by Cameron Thies – one of the authors of the article – and mentioned about the importance and scientific novelty of application role theory in studying international relations. Following this, authors dwelled on history of the notion of role theory analysis in studying foreign affairs. This is divided into two sections – 1) First wave of role theory analysis and 2) Second wave of role theory analysis. Lastly, the article ends with the ...

The United States foreign policy during the Cold War was as much dependent on diplomatic efforts as much as it was related to both direct and indirect military conflict. The Cold War was a time when American practitioners of international relations thought deeply about what was the best and most effective way to deal with the existential threat of communist expansion.  Most notably the United States relied on an overall approach to foreign policy which relied on containment of communist expansion by supporting regimes which were friendly to the American cause of fighting the Soviet Union.  During the Vietnam ...

Intelligence is the process through which a particular type of information is taken from collection, evaluation, analysis, integration, interpretation and finally dissemination. The information collection process is a critical national security activity that every country needs to protect from foreign and terrorist invasions. Information gathering process entails a variety of activities from the essential eavesdropping, spies, open sources such as radio and publications to technological sources that require a lot of expertise (Nimon, 2013). The introduction of information technology after the Cold War and the numerous developments in technology has made this collection process easier. The scope of intelligence ...

Good day! I am here today to speak to you about Area 51. Much has been said and written about Area 51. The main perception of this area is that it is so secretive such that there are many theories that abound to this day about Area 51. It has been romanticized in books, papers and films that the area is the site where an alien ship crashlanded, that it is an area where meetings with aliens are held, and that time travel and teleportation are held here as well. Today, I would like to provide with information that ...

CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF CRISIS IN INDUCING POLICY CHANGE

Introduction Most nations make policies after they enter serious crisis. There is a general notion that a critical problem requires a critical solution. Thus, nations that came under Nazi or Japanese attack in the eve of the Second World War declared a state of emergency and made sweeping changes to their national policies. These changes had far-reaching impacts on the functioning of the arms of governments and the entire nation had to suspend various activities to implement the policies in response to the crises. However, after World War II, significant events have been considered as turning points in national ...

What effect did communism have on the United States at home and abroad from the end of WWII until the 1990's? What effect did it have on U.S. domestic and foreign policy? Make sure you give examples to support your claim! The end of the Second World War marked the separation of the Allies and the beginning of the Cold War between two superpowers, the United States of America and the USSR. First of all, the Cold War was the conflict between two leading political ideologies, communism and capitalism. The key ideas of communism were completely opposite to capitalism, ...

(Student’s Full Name)

Throughout its history as an independent nation, the America has adopted both interventionist and isolationist policies. From its early years, America has largely stayed away from “Old World conflicts” (Office of the Historian par. 1). However, Woodrow Wilson argued for the US intervening in the First World War by mentioning that it would be in the best interest of the country if it became involved in the war since it will help in “maintaining a peaceful world order” (Office of the Historian par. 1). Nevertheless, the negative experiences of the First World War caused many ...

Introduction

The Caucasus is a region, characterized by diverse ethnic and religious composition and the high number of ethnic conflicts and separatist regions. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet states of this region witnessed and suffered numerous confrontations on the ethnic ground and faced several claims for separation and independence. Azerbaijan and Armenia confronted each other because of the Nagorno-Karabakh territory; Chechnya was a problematic region of Russian Federation, striving and fighting for independence, as a result, suffered two wars; and Georgia – a tiny mountainous state that shares borders with Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey, witnessed a ...

Terrorism: One of the Biggest Threats to American Politics

Safeguarding the American citizens and the nation as a whole from Terrorists is possibly both one of the biggest threat and also the top priority for the American government today. According to a recent survey conducted by Pew Research Center, two important concerns of the ongoing Presidential campaign are safety and security of the nation and its economy from terrorism. According to the survey report published by Pew, approximately 75% of Americans strongly opine that both strengthening the American economy and safeguarding the nation from the threat of terrorism are two important concerns and also the prime focus of ...

The Cold War: Who Shot First?

After the devastation caused by WWII, two of the world's superpowers that emerged after this world war entered into what is commonly referred to as the Cold War. Based on this week’s lesson, I think the it was the Soviet Union that initially started the war. There are people who claimed that the conflict between the US and the USSR was ignited mainly because of the rivalry. However, a closer examination of the events that occurred after the Second World War indicated that USSR caused the initiation of the Cold War. The then US President Franklin Roosevelt has ...

Two most important European leaders from the recent past and presidents of America and Germany are Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler, who both dealt with the consequences of the World War I as well as with the Great Depression during the 1930s. Franklin D. Roosevelt has in his speech from 1933 declared the greatest issues the American society and country was facing. The main issues addressed were increased taxes and debt, lack of income, frozen exchange and trade without the available markets along with the unemployment. He has defined “only material things” (Roosevelt, 1933, par. 2) as the ...

Abstract

It is well-known fact that people in the US are watched, listened and even recorded against their notice and surely, will. It is also known, that all these undemocratic actions are performed in the name of security. The United States of America is not always related to an advanced technology, high-quality of education and excellent art venues, and Hollywood, sadly, the term “police state” often pop-ups and is being closely affiliated with the America. George J Bush introduced and implemented Patriotic act shortly after September terrorist attacks (2001), however, Barack Obama kept his legacy and Edward Snowdens’ famous leaks ...

Abstract

This paper reviews the historical background of Jihadi-Salafism from the time of the crusaders. Jihadi-Salafists are depicted as elements of the broader Salafi movement, social and religious reformers who desire to restore the original beliefs and practices of the first three generations of the Muslim religion. The current Jihadi-Salafists draw their motivation from the perceived attacks on the Muslim community since the beginning of the European colonialism in the nineteenth century and the termination of Ottoman caliphate during the twentieth century. The first part of the discussion includes an evaluation of the United States foreign policy and how it ...

Does History Matter?

Social ideas and ideals of humanity pass through US history. It is in the struggle for social justice and equality finds its most vivid expression of the social nature of man. As in public life, and accordingly, in the social sciences, the problems in the social justice and equality are inseparable, they are often mixed, identified, although in reality each of these concepts has its own special meaning, its content. Social justice and social equality are the objective quality of social forms of relations of society and citizens. Sami social networks are a set of relations between people as ...

The world has experienced many wars in the past with the most memorable being world war I and World War II. Superpowers are currently fighting to protect the world from plunging into world war III with concepts such as nuclear weapons becoming more common across the globe. A country's military power and its ability to exploit this power is used to rank a country among the superpowers. Dominant superpowers and rising superpowers are currently forming allies meant to protect their individual interests which also result in a state of conflict while declining powers are faced with a greater threat ...

Abstract

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau is a lone attacker who launched a terrorist attack in Canada in 2014. Zehaf-Bibeau is believed to have been experiencing mental issues as well as a drug problem. Several years after his conversion into the Islamic religion, Zehaf-Bibeau became radicalized and started finding ways through which he could join other foreign fighters in Syria. The Canadian government had placed strict regulations at its border which led to the invalidation of his passport, an act which is believed to have provoked him. Following his displeasure with Canada's new foreign policy to deploy its soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan ...

Drones have been highly effective in helping America win wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. But, drones also have caused a significant amount of collateral damage as killing a terrorist by a distant strike has also led to the demise of many innocent souls. Having a utilitarian approach has been an important part of American policy, but in the past decade, there have been several morally challenging instances related to drones. Therefore, the past few years have taught us that even though the country still favours the utilitarian approach, there are times when they have shown an increased focus on ...

Idealism

The US foreign policy needs to stick close of Idealism in the coming future as the past decade has revealed several mistakes by shifting moving astray from original American value of idealism. Idealists consider that America can influence global affairs without making any intervention via their powerful resources. In the last decade, America has intervened in several countries and the costs of these interventions have been too heavy for the American economy. Under the leadership of Barack Obama, American has reduced ground troops in Afghanistan and Iraq. Idealists also believe that interventions are needed when important human values need ...

. The early history of the United States from the founding of the Republic after the Constitutional Convention to the Civil War was greatly influenced by the changing face of the so-called party system. The main points which all of the parties in the different eras of Early American history before the Civil War concentrated primarily on what the role and size of the federal government should be and how it should work to deal with the major issues of the day. One of the most significant issues surrounding the early federal government related to its place and stance as ...

The Great War was the bloodiest war in world history up to that point. Many historians claim that the buildup to the war was caused my militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism (MAIN). This might be the composite indicator, but special importance should be placed on the Dual-Alliance between Austria-Hungary and the German Empire. The two came together for a myriad of reasons, most importantly a shared fear of Russian aggression, and remained together for over thirty years. Thus, an entire generation grew up recognizing that the two Germanic empires were closely allied, and the knowledge pervaded the culture of ...

One of the most important features of Obama’s approach to foreign policy is the fact that he is ready to act contrary to conventional assumptions about what are the national interests of the United States of America and what is its role in the world. Obama disagrees with the notion that the USA is or should be a world policeman that controls the order and renders justice in all the parts of the globe. The American president is aware that the resources that the biggest economy in the world possesses, nevertheless, are not limitless. This is why it ...

United States has for decades been deeply involved in the Middle East, and particularly in the ongoing conflict between Israel and its various neighbors. This is why there is been a good deal of speculation of late as to how US policy toward Israel during a future Hillary Clinton presidency might differ from (or be similar to) that of the current Obama administration. Since leaving the State Department, Clinton has provided some indication about what her policies would be in the Middle East in general and Israel in particular. Nevertheless, a certain degree of uncertainty still exists. While there ...

Intro

In her memoir Hard Choices, Hilary Rodham Clinton discusses the aftermath of her 2008 presidential run, her adjustment to the subsequent presidency of Barack Obama and her unexpected appointment as Secretary of State. Clinton frankly discusses the challenges and experiences of her position and uses the memoir as an introduction to her potential presidential run in 2016. The major themes in this memoir are sacrifice, success, regret and exceptionalism (Clinton). Clinton repeatedly discusses the sacrifices and hard choices that she had to make throughout her life, both personally and professionally, in order to get where she is today. Specifically, ...

US Elections 2016

Abstract The U.S. presidential campaign of 2016 is raging on and on. With the November approaching, and the campaign being on the rise, political issues of the U.S. are becoming more interesting to the world society. Till the beginning of May the number of candidates was still pretty sufficient to make any projections. Under Clinton’s presidency the relations between the U.S. and China may turn into a complete mess. According to her position, the U.S. should observe its national interests, and if China is an obstacle to their achievement, the relations between them should be at a minimum ...

Introduction

In November 1960, the Republicans lost the presidential election, and a Democratic Party candidate John Fitzgerald Kennedy became the president of the United States. A relatively young man (43 years), he represented a new generation of American politicians. Veterans of the war years, a generation embodied by Dwight Eisenhower, were to leave the politics in the US. In the Soviet Union, a “war generation” remained in power until the mid-1980s. In France, Germany, and other countries of the Western Europe the same generation continued to reign. The Kennedy team was to revise the postulates of the military-political line of ...

Modern international relations have significantly increased the influence of American presidents. Three in particular served with similar events playing out: Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Barack Obama. The terms of these presidents were denoted by tumult in Iran and a resurgent Russia, and as far as foreign policy is concerned, their legacies may not be pristine. Jimmy Carter faced significant challenges in regards to Iran, whose revolution in 1979 instilled a theocratic regime devoted to Islamic law. The Ayatollah blamed the West for many of the region’s issues and when Carter allowed the deposed Shah to receive medical ...

The analysis of the relationship between a state and a country is an essential component to understanding the nature of human security with respect to international relations. The evaluation also assists in contrasting views between state-centric and traditional mechanisms of national security. The traditional approach is a referent of the ability of a nation to protect itself from external threats. Therefore, interests involving sub-national groups and individuals are subordinate to those of the state. National interests help in affirming the “other” as a significant element of understanding the self and foreign aspects. David Campbell in his article Writing Security: ...

One of the hallmarks of public life in the twenty-first century and especially since the rise of social media is in understanding how these developments have actively worked to change the way that not only people communicate with each other but how governments and institutions communicate with the people. The rise of social media technology has been largely concurrent with another very important change in the way that the world is organized; namely, globalization. Globalization as a process has for the most part been a force which has weakened the power of national governments, has created real constrictions on ...

Introduction

Since the republics in the Soviet Union proclaimed independence in 1991, there have been significant changes concerning the ethno cultural, and demographic situation. The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the major reason behind the creation of the Russian Diaspora. More than twenty-five million Russian citizens found themselves in the midst of newly and freshly created states, which were often redesigned as their new political dwellings (Beissinger, 2008). After some time, the displaced Russians were compelled to either assume a fresh political identity, or to return to the Russian Federation, which was newly created. Assuming fresh political identity would ...

Introduction

Domestic terrorist acts in the United States have been committed by a combination of native ideological sects, individuals representing what are considered to be extremist ideologies, and internationally-based terrorist organizations, such as Al-Qaeda. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2011 Al-Qaeda sponsored terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., the U.S. Department of Homeland Security was implemented (Furlow, 2005). The primary objective of the Department of Homeland Security can be seen as terrorism prevention. Although prevention of terrorism does not eradicate its ideological causes per se, the act of prevention can aid in the identification and ...

In the midst of the Cold War era, both the U.S and U.S.S.R engaged one another in proxy wars in regions throughout the world to further their respective expansionist national agendas while counteracting the geo-political influence of one another. Proxy wars are conflicts contained within third party nations or regions which are instigated by the influence of major geopolitical powers who do not themselves become directly involved in the conflict. Thus, proxy wars are facilitated by major powers to preserve and expand their geopolitical influence through promoting or opposing certain armed factions within a regional conflict which in turn ...

The Brothers by Stephen Kinzer is a book that deals with the personal perspectives and beliefs of the Dulles brothers and those whom they have interacted together. Through the story of the Dulles brothers, Kinzer provides the readers with the nature of U.S foreign policy. The nature of the U.S policy is shaped and demonstrated by the brothers, other dealers and wheelers the president has interacted with for more than fifty years (Kinzer 18). It shows that the U.S president during that time was blind and open to the violence, and this provides the reason for the increased terrorism ...

The conservatives promoted the idea of rebuilding the American capitalism, which seemed to have faltered during John K. Galbraith’s influence of “affluent society”. Conservatives thought that Galbraith’s doctrine meant rolling back the government and shrinking its size in radical terms to manageable levels including removal of massive programs like social security (Karaagac, p. 31-47). Conservatives never thought in these terms, rather, they thought of more efficient ways. They wanted to see the government function better, and not simply reduce its size. Further, they wanted the government to least intrusive in people’s daily lives, as individuals would ...

Major Themes

1) The increased role of the government has led to significant changes in the Economic system of the USA. Many experts consider the New Deal policies of President Franklin D. Roosevelt the beginning of the social security system of the federal government. In the middle of the Great Depression, many people did not have work, many families were affected by poverty and hunger, respectively. However, a number of New Deal programs such as the Federal Office for Emergency Relief, which provided considerable financial support for state and municipal relief operations, emerged. Administration provided the fund for the population and ...

Progressivism in the 1970s

Progressivism, according to the West and Schambra, was a socioeconomic and political reform movement period during the nineteenth and twentieth century America in the 1970s. During this period, various political leaders, social reformers and intellectuals sought to find solutions to the political, cultural, social and economic challenges that had been brought about by the growth of capitalism and the Industrial Revolution in the United States (1). This group of leaders such as President Carter and individuals were termed as progressives who were convinced that some of the changes being witnessed then in America indicated the end of the old ...

(Teacher)

The recent history of the United States is filled with conflict against other nations, peace negotiations, and cooperation within the country in a constant struggle for growth. After almost 250 years since becoming an independent nation, this country is still young and establishing its culture. Not only does the United States have a political history of conflict, it struggles to keep children from poverty and seems to fail miserably.

Pacific Relations with Vietnam.

The Vietnam War was originally between North Vietnam with support from its allies who were communist and the South Vietnam who wanted to avoid communist and had the United ...

Problem

In 2008, Japan tried to re-establish diplomatic relations with North Korea. Diplomatic relations had not existed between the two countries since the Korean Peninsula. Japan promised to provide North Korea with economic and financial instruments to boost its economy while North Korea agreed to investigate the case of the abduction of Japanese citizens by the North Korean government in the 1970s and 1980s (Smith, 2013). Japan also made a commitment that in the event that North Korea fulfilled its part of the negotiated promises, it was going to lift economic sanctions that were imposed in 2006. Despite sitting at ...

A case study is viewed as a research methodology or basic strategy that has been scrutinized in the past as lacking rigor as well as objectivity when compared with other research methods. But there are certain times that a case study can be a useful tool for the preliminary part of the research. It is in these times that the case study can be viewed as an important marketing staple that can be used for many varied reasons (Rowley, 2002). As an example, a business can use a case study to demonstrate how their product or service has been ...

Introduction and Thesis Statement

St. Aquinas believes that way is sinful and waging war is unjust. He argues that “those who take to sword will die by the sword.” According to him, war is a detriment of peace and therefore a sinful endeavor. However, St. Augustine explains the validity and the justifiability of war. He believes that war, to some extent, is just and necessary (White 269). However, for a war to be just, it has to follow three conditions. A just was must that that has been sanctioned by the highest authority. It will be unjust to wage war at a personal ...

Voting rights in Gabon

Introduction Gabon, the official name of which is Gabonese Republic, is an African country that is located on the west coast of the continent – the area that is believed to be one of the most stable in the whole Africa. The capital and the biggest city is Libreville with the population of 450 000 citizens, while the total population of the country is quiet small – only 1.5 million people. Though the population of the country is not big, it is considered to be the nation with one of the highest income per capita in Africa. In addition to oil, ...

Civil Rights and Government Responsibility

The most memorable event of an expansion of civil rights liberties is the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that realigned race relations between the whites and African-Americans. The gains of the Act in the last fifty years cannot be underestimated, as it opened the social space on which black people could utilize to better their lives and make their impact in the growth of America (Fairclough, 2003). State Governments, especially the ones from the South that were very conservative The Act legalized affirmative action that gave black people equal rights to employment with the whites. Through this move, many ...

The cold war marked a period of political tensions between numerous countries after the end of t the Second World War. These tensions were mainly between the communist nations and the capitalist countries. The most opposing parties within this conflict were the USA and the now defunct USSR. In the 1970s, the cold war mainly referred to the period that spanned between the aftermath of the Cuban missile crisis beginning October 1962; all the way to the Détente period from 1969 into the 70s (Shaw 71). The Cuban crisis arose from a confrontation between the Soviet Republic and ...

The two American presidents, George W. Bush and his immediate predecessor Barrack Obama displayed various clear points of similarities and differences during their tenures. This paper seeks to analyze the various similarities and differences between the two presidents in regard to their ideologies on foreign policy. Obama and Bush displayed a similar approach in the fight against terrorism across the whole world. George Bush in 2002 declared anti- terrorism war on Al-Qaeda following the terrorist attack on the US. In the pursuit of his “preemptive action” against the nations that would threaten its security, Bush launched a US military ...

China and Russia are two significant members of the group known as the BRICs. The other members are India, Brazil and South Africa. While China seeks to use its economic influence in buying world power, Russia seeks to regain its lost political influence by challenging the United States and Western Europe. This paper seeks to examine and explore China’s use of economic incentives in the form of cheap loans to gain influence in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also examines Russia’s constant antagonism with the United States and its allies in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. The argument ...

Introduction

Since the end of the Great Wars, the US hegemony has remained superior than other countries and it was clear no one would be able to challenge their dominance in the fields of politics and the economy. Many countries often seek the advice of the US in terms of their political and economic reforms and seek aid to ensure their continuous growth. When there are major conflicts, the US is considered by many countries to act immediately due to its role as a world police. Considering its role in the international arena, many believed that the US would remain ...

Introduction

Socrates once declared that the fundamental rule, which most need to follow is in regard to national character. This statement that for every group that makes a nation, it must create it’s own character, lack of this thereof means that the people must start embracing one (Moulioukova 2011, p. 3). Scholars studying the concept of identity and its relation to foreign policy is one that has been donebefore, however, more research is needed and gaps that had been present in previously available literature be addressed. Altoraifi (2012, p. 27) explains that foreign policy and national identity cannot afford ...

U.S. Position in the Post-cold War ERA U.S. Position in the Post-cold War ERA

The post-cold war saw the rise and growth of the Western liberalism and capitalism. The fall of the great communist powers gave the opportunity for capitalism to thrive in the world. The era of cold war was a struggle for power, where international political economy the struggle for power and wealth was witnessed and is still present to date. The struggle for power is what creates chances for conflict in the world, “the changes in the distribution of power between states increase the chance of ...

Military campaign in Syria, which Russia started in the end of September of 2015, naturally raised issues related to the goals of Russia in this conflict. Despite the fact that it was known earlier about Russian assistance to the government of Bashar al-Assad — it took many by surprise that Russians openly joined the war in Syria. Russia officially announced that its aim in Syria is to create an international coalition to combat the ISIL terrorist group. In practice, Russia has nevertheless focused on the attack on other armed rebel groups. This focus helped to ensure the sustainability of the ...