Essays on Fundamentalism

While the concept of race is today clearly recognized as fictitious, the term itself has taken an altogether new reality as a cultural denotation. More specifically, the culture of racism is largely influenced by geopolitical imagination and socio-political antagonism. The new political order referred to as “Empire” is a social frame work that posits “the inferiority of an “Other” based not in biology but in cultural differences and their insurmountability” (Semati, 257). Semati argues that ‘Brown’, once signified exoticism, but refers to menacing ‘Other’ today. The Brown in this case (in Semati’s article) refers to the Muslims of ...

One of the main advantages of literature lies in its ability to communicate various cultural experiences and provide greater knowledge and deeper understanding of foreign traditions for the reader. In the Western civilization, Eastern religious traditions and cultures informed by them are perceived with interest, fascination and even fear; while lack of understanding can often impair successful interaction and communication. In addressing the issue of religious values, the authors of two books, Confucius Lives Next Door: What Living in the East Teaches Us about Living in the West and Children of Dust: A Portrait of a Muslim as a ...

Essay #2

Humanities 4501: 9/11 Literature and Film Introduction There are different portrayals of Mohamed Atta, one of the terrorists who participated in the 9/11 attacks, in the story “The Last Days of Muhammad Atta,” written by Martin Amis, and the film The Hamburg Cell, directed by Antonia Bird. This paper examines both the story and the film and provides a comprehensive comparison of their portrayals of Mohamed Atta. It is clear that there are significant differences and similarities between how the story and the film portray Atta. In particular, this paper compares how the two narratives portray Atta’s feelings ...

Octavia Butler's Parable of the Sower (1995) is as creative just like it is ironical if the current contemporary efforts around the globe are put into context. The Dystopian perception that dominates the novel makes it attractive to present and future readers. Several themes emerge from the story through prominent characters such as Lauren and Mrs. Sims. This essay offers analysis of various topics in the novel while laying emphasis on how the lack of effective community guidance and poor leadership can break or make a state. The essay delves into how poor leadership can erode past gains in ...

IMAGE OF MASCULINITY WITHIN THE SPACE OF SAUDI ARABIAN AND ALGERIAN CULTURE

Introduction The space in the literature is the physically existing environment in which the characters live and plot the action takes place. An aspect of the space is needed for the reader to further clarification. The space in the written description helps to highlight significant plot developments, specific places in which the characters live and act. Space refers to the story through both actions and thoughts of heroes. Aspect space consists of all spatial frameworks and places mentioned in the text, which cannot be a place of real events. The world in a literary work in the space-time sense ...

Marjane Satrapi’s magnum opus tells us the story of an Iranian upper-middle-class girl (Schjeldahl), who is forced to relinquish her childhood with the onset of the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Personally, I think “Persepolis” tackles a range of complex issues: personal and national identity crises, political continuity versus revolutionary change, and the struggle of collective fundamentalism against individual self-preservation. The psychological, political and cultural themes coalesce to deliver a crude and compelling message. At the end of the novel I was left with the impression that the Iranian people were tragically blinded; first, by a naïve and ...

How was Jerry instrumental in motivating fundamental to re-engage with mainstream culture?

America is known to have over fifty million Christians who claim to be born again, yet their culture is secular. Occasionally some editors and journalist have portrayed the Christians as outside people who are a threat to the public life. However, the question of modernity whether America is pre-modern or modern is based on the Christians religious beliefs. Susan Harding’s book focuses on the intense language use among born again Christians that caused changes in American politics in the 1980s (Kenneth, 179). Farwell’s words as employed in the book comprises of scriptural narratives that have an influence ...

The recent developments in technological advancements and scientific breakthroughs have presented modern ways of creating new things and doing things. One such development relates to the introduction of technology-based medical procedures, which have made it possible to achieve feats that yesteryear medical scientists could only dream about. The field of medicine has shown tremendous improvement as a result of the incorporation of new technological meth-ods into the field of medicine. Genetic engineering procedures have become common not only in the creation of medicines and vaccines but also in disease management before and after birth. Scientists have come up with ...

The recent developments in technological advancements and scientific breakthroughs have presented modern ways of doing things. One such development relates to the introduction of technology-based medical procedures, which have made it possible to achieve feats yesteryear medical scientists could only dream about. This introduction has however resulted in debates concerning whether controversial medical procedures should be allowed to play their role in society without external interference. In Lisa Belkin’s article, The Made-To-Order Savior”, the author describes how modern medical technology makes it possible to genetically modify a human being at conception so as to increase the chances of ...

The Existence of God: God is dead by Nietzsche

In a parable contained in his book titled “The Gay Science” Nietzsche made a controversial statement where he claimed that God is dead. Indeed, this statement elicited many opposing opinions not only because it appears inflammatory on the face of it, but also because of the philosophical weight it carried. Contained in the parable of “The Madman”, the text indicated, “God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under ...

The social development of the current world has been influenced by the religious manifestations since the oldest times. Past and current religions have shaped societies as they are nowadays known, with religion playing a major role in establishing people’s morals, attitudes and believes about life. As religion has played such a major role in humans’ lives since it can be traced, it is no wonder that it has received considerable attention in literature. Three such literary pieces that explore the nature and the effects of religion on society are Emily Dickinson’s “She Rose to His Requirements”, Mohsin ...

Introduction

Mohsin Hamid set “The Reluctant Fundamentalist” in the aftermath of 9/11. The novel is about a Pakistani chasing the American dream living in the western world and a suspect of terrorism after the incident. A narration takes place on one long evening at Lahore Café where Changez talks with an unidentified businessperson he meets in old Ankali district of Lahore. Initially he suspects that the man is an intelligence agent. Changez even suspects that the person is armed and as their conversation proceeds, he explains why they were fated to meet. Changez is working for Underwood Samson after completing his studies ...

1.To determine a definition of the domestic terrorism is not easy task.

On a territorial basis, it is opposed to the international terrorism, as the participants of domestic terrorism are citizens of one state, and the consequences of their terrorist activities do not go beyond the country. The domestic terrorism may be associated even with the activities of government agencies and with the struggle of the opposition against the existing political system; however, in the current situation it is more closely related to the violence perpetrated by individuals or small groups of people within the country towards civilians and government officials.

The far-right group Ku Klux Klan is a best-known example of a terrorist ...

History plays a very important role in the development and progress of humanity. Social, cultural and political religious factors play a crucial role in shaping a society. All these factors evolve in a particular way throughout the history to give the society or world a particular shape. The world of today has also experienced such historical evolution. The economy is becoming increasingly global, in which an idea of uniformity and global culture is embedded. But on the other hand, despite the increasing move or evolution towards uniformity, the extremism in the world is also increasing. The reason for that is hidden in the past ...

In her article, “‘My veil does not go with my jeans’: veiling, fundamentalism, education and women’s agency in Northern Cameroon”, Jose van Santen (2010) outlines the impacts of Islamization of West Africa on gender by sharing her mentoring experiences with Maimouna, a girl who grew up being subjected to the Islamic fundamentalists in Cameroon. The story takes us on a journey through Maimouna’s childhood, where we meet her Islamic parents who, by all respects, are very lenient and let her follow her own path. Maimouna is drawn by the potential knowledge she can gain by going ...

Level 4 (UG Year 1): Coursework Cover Sheet [last update October 2013]

Detailed description of these quality judgments is available online at www.heythrop.ac.uk/assessment Take careful note of the feedback provided. This includes detailed comments intended both to clarify the things you did not understand, and to give clear suggestions for improving your work in future. Feedback on coursework consists of the provisional mark, the above table, and the general comments to be found to the right in the Turnitin Viewer. You can expect such feedback within three weeks whenever you submit work on time. The paper analyzes different aspects of the modernity in Judaism and distinguishes the crucial ...

Ali Eteraz has long established himself as one of the more insightful writers with regard to the complications of Islam and politics within Pakistan. His memoir shows his real gifts with narrative. The prose is absolutely lyric, sprinkled with deep memories and leavened with a sense of humor. The courage of the story comes from its sharp and slightly dark wit, and the reader is engaged by Eteraz’s search for answers to questions both cosmic and individual. The book consists of five sections, each of which takes one name he has given to himself. Every identity represents a step in ...

Middle East has been on the boil in the recent past due to the rise of ISIS brand of Islamic fundamentalism and the demand for democracy and human rights by people in many Arab countries. The role of America in shaping the Middle East policy has been profound since the decline of UK as the world’s superpower. Being one of the major suppliers of oil and gas to America, Middle East is a place of strategic importance for USA and other western countries. American indirectly controls the Middle East politics by maintaining close ties with the local regimes and ...

The title of Bruce Bawer’s While Europe Slept is adapted from Winston Churchill’s 1938 book While England Slept, which addressed England’s policy of appeasement towards Hitler’s Germany and a lack of preparation for WWII. Bawer makes a similar argument, asserting that Europe is not taking the threat of militant Islamic fundamentalism seriously enough. He divides the book into three sections, Before 9/11: Europe in Denial, 9/11 and After: Blaming Americans and Jews , and Europe's Weimar Moment: The Liberal Resistance and Its Prospects. The Weimar Republic was the federal republic established in Germany after WW1, which many historians ...

Step 1 - Creating variables

Frequencies Frequencies Frequencies Frequencies

FEAR OF CRIME RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

Reliability Scale: ALL VARIABLES MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY & DISPERSION – FEAR EXPLORE QUESTION 1: What is the alpha level for the FEAR additive scale? .95

QUESTION 2: Does your analysis indicate that the FEAR additive scale is a reliable measure? How did you determine this?

Yes. .95 is larger than .6

PUNITIVE ATTITUDES RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

Reliability Scale: ALL VARIABLES

QUESTION 3: What is the alpha level for the PUNITVE additive scale?

.835

CHECKING NORMALITY STATISTICS

Frequencies

QUESTION 4: List the variables that have skewness values that indicate non-normality, including those with both moderate and severe problems.

Find variables with skewness which exceeds ± .50.

Agree that "The Bible is the actual word of God and is to be taken literally."

Likelihood of being victim of violent crime in next year Likelihood of being victim of property crime in next year Concern about crime Employment dummy QUESTION 5: List the variables that have kurtosis values that indicate non-normality. ...

[Author][Professor][Subject][Date of Submission]

Today, it seems the world is known as the global village because of the advancement of technology that keeps people in different nationalities to mingle. The internet made a drastic change not only to peoples’ relationships but even to the world of trade and business. People can already wire money from the other side of the world to another. Despite this, there are things that are not changing and this includes the persisting intolerance in the United States of America in terms of race, ethnic, and religion. Ishmael Reed in his article entitled, “ ...

According to CIA, “terrorism is a “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents” (cia.gov, 2014). Nevertheless this definition is not complete and requires significant adjustments. Martha Crenshaw in her article “Theories of terrorism: Instrumental and organizational approaches” tries to conceptualize terrorism before making any recommendations on how to combat it. According to Crenshaw, the act of terrorism is a deliberate choice by political actor (Crenshaw 1987, p. 13). In the first case terrorism is an attempt to achieve collective values of the group under the influence of external pressure, particularly under the government’s ...

Abstract

This paper is on the topic of Emigration. The first section of this paper is on the topic of important people in the history of Emigration. The next section will compare how different countries are dealing with it and if it is an issue in the UAE. The following section will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Emigration. The final section will discuss the causes and solution to the issue of Emigration.

Part I

Heading: Meaning - Emigration is leaving one nation or region for settling in another. . http://immigration.about.com/bio/Jennifer-McFadyen-43604.htm

Heading: Historical Evidence

- Migration has always been a constant feature of the human ...

Executive Summary

Technology is one of the best scientific developments that have brought about economic, social, and political change in most of the world’s economies. Nevertheless, there are varied reactions on the effect of technology on the environment, the economy, religion, culture, and politics among a host of many social, economic, and political phenomena. Conversely, these factors also affect technology in different ways as will be discussed in this paper. Nevertheless, selecting technology for a specific situation depends on a list factors that either support or oppose such incentives.

Introduction

Science and technology are the current century’s most influential challenges since it affects ...

Sexual education: annotated bibliography

Brewer, G., Brown, M.B., Migdal, M.J. The importance of appropriate sexual education. Washington, D.C.: the Center for Inquiry Office of public Policy, 2007. Web The paper investigates the role of school programs about human sexuality, providing the overview of existing programs and criticizing abstinence-only sexual education. After having observed differences between abstinence-based sexual education in the U.S. and programs, functioning in other industrialized countries, authors have provided their views on comprehensive sexual education program to be developed in the U.S. This source is crucial for the research as it provides multifaceted view on importance of sexual education and ...

At the time when the modern world celebrates the establishment of equal rights for everybody in the laws, education, medical treatment, the religious demands are not equally preserved for all the members of society. The study of women in world religions offers a big pool of arguments and opinions arguing that the stronger sex takes over the religious lead. This essay is aimed to present the past and current religious trends concerning women. I will analyze what religion means to feminism and how it has affected the feminist thought. I will present my research of women’s life in the ...

Chapter 7: Civil Religion

Majority of people associate the word “religion” with major organized faiths that people have practiced for centuries. Traditional religions typically involve rituals, sacred texts, holidays, intimate beliefs held and practiced by a congregation. However, humans practice another form of religion, often unconsciously, which sociologists call civil religion. According to Johnstone (122), civil religion refers to secular forms of belief and ritual similar to those practiced in religion, such as political ceremonies. In social scientific context, the society matches cultural institutions with some kinds of social groups. For example, religion is a social embodiment in associations such as churches, the ceremonies in ...

Critical Review

I would like to begin by agreeing with Ronald for reporting that women have not been given an equal recognition in the church. Unlike their male counterparts, the womenfolk ‘have had to struggle to liberate themselves from religious oppression’ Reddie, 2001). Although they have now attained religious progress, they have been discriminated in these male-dominated Christian churches for a very long time. As the author acclaims, no woman could initially be given a leadership position especially in the mainline churches. However, I would like to point out that they are now liberated. Today, many of them have been ordained as church ...

Islamic modernism is a movement that seeks to integrate Islamic faith with popular modern concepts like rights, equality, democracy, science and progress (Alam, 23). Islamic modernism differs with secularism because it maintains that faith life in public is still relevant. On the other hand, Islamic fundamentalism advocates for Muslims to go back to the foundation of Islam, which is the Quran and Sunnah. Modernism and fundamentalism maybe different in definition but they have a lot in common. This article seeks to explain these similarities and differences between these two movements. In addition, it seeks to emphasize the validity of the statement ...

Chapter 1:1. Define the State. 2. Define Power Power - is a capability to impose one`s will, to affect the activities and behavior of other people, even in contradiction to their resistance. Political power – is an ability of one individual or a group of individuals to control behavior of citizens and of society on the basis of state aims. 3. Distinguish Authority from Legitimacy Legitimacy – is consent of the people with power, when they voluntarily recognize its right to make binding decisions. Authority – is limited responsibilities and rights, formally granted to anyone in order to let ...

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Introduction

The United States (US) has placed itself in a dominant position in global affairs during the Cold War, as it tussled against the equally footed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Cold War seemed like a never-ending tug-of-war between the two perceived “superpowers”, although at least one had to lose, eventually. Come 1991, the dissolution of the USSR left the US as the clear winner of their decades-long debacle. With the US having the upper hand, several changes have to settle in the post-Cold War era. This study is an attempt to lay out various ...

Throughout the course of history we can see acts that today might be adorned with the title of terrorism. Even though this is a fairly modern concept the idea of fear for the purposes of political change is not. Where do these ideals come from? What has been constant throughout history and is still clinging on even today is religion and I feel religion is the coal that fuels the furnace of terror. Throughout the course of this essay I intend to probe religion in terms of its uses and purpose and how a system of ethics is abused and talk ...

Abstract

Democratic Kampuchea was one of the most violent regimes to ever rule. During the course of their rule, they were responsible for the death of more than two million individuals; as a proportion of the nation’s size, this is an incredibly large number. The deaths were the result of a nearly fundamentalist adherence to the philosophies espoused in The Communist Manifesto, and were incredibly damaging to the nation in both the long term and the short term. The years following the second world war were a tumultuous time for the world as a whole. The world knew that to have another ...

There are many different facets to effective communication, and effectively communicating is often considered a great asset for businesspeople. Communicating effectively across barriers like culture, language, race, or political affiliation is something that takes diplomacy, empathy, and intelligence. There are many different theories regarding effective communication, particularly regarding intercultural communication; intercultural communication is particularly difficult because the way in which certain situations should be handled are unique to the cultures that are interacting. Even interacting and communicating effectively across subcultures within one particular culture can be incredibly difficult. What does this mean for individuals who are attempting to communicate ...

ABSTRACT

Suicide bombing and other forms of terrorism are tactics, not goals or strategies, and since the Afghanistan War began in 1979, the main political, religious and ideological purpose of men like Osama bin Laden and Anwar al-Awlaki was to overthrow the regimes in Muslim countries that were allied with the Western powers and restore the medieval Islamic Caliphate based on Sharia law. They used terrorist methods at any time and in any countries that they thought would best accomplish their overall purpose, and also searched for countries in Africa, East Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia where they ...

PART A

Fowler and Brenner, in their paper, argue that the regulation of broadcasters as public trustees should be replaced entirely with a policy which views broadcasters as marketplace participants who are governed by the rules and forces that govern the marketplace. In the paper, they argue that communications policy by the Federal Communications Commission should be directed towards the improvement and maximization of the services that the public desires by making an adjustment of definition of public demand and specifying the categories to serve this redefined demand. This, they argue, should enable the commission to change its policy and determine the ...

The clash between Christians and Muslims is a current and critical issue in governance and religion. The clash has been of great magnitude and has threatened to through the entire world into a theological abstraction of these two religions. The states of Nigeria, Somali, Indonesia and Philippines still continuing to suffering due to clashes based on these two world largest religions. This is according to Eliza Griswold in her book The Tenth Parallel.

Question 1

The book is an insight into the increasing concern of the increasing clash between Christians and Muslims in some hot spots all over the world. The book draws ...

The Hostage Crisis, a Key to Understanding Modernity

In the history of human civilisation, there were very few ages characterised by stability and even less as peace. As no other species humanity can be characterised by warfare and conflicting nature of behaviour. There is probably no such region in the world, where there would not be various conflicts and were war did not take place. On the other hand, there are those regions where conflicts are transferred with mother's milk. The region of Middle East is the best example of such region. The Arab-Israeli conflict was a cornerstone of regional, interstate relations for almost two millennia. That is ...

William J. Clinton Administration

Abstract

In 1993, William Jefferson Clinton became the forty-second president of the United States of America. When he came into position he promised that he will end the bad trend that the country is in and that our country will no longer be in a standstill. Instead, he will start a term of rehabilitation. In 1996, Clinton again became the President of America. He believed that by answering the economic problems of the country would be the solution to America’s success. He rallied on to the problems of unemployment and concerns of health care. A lot of controversies aroused during ...

Netherlands Immigration

The historical background of a country plays an integral role in shaping the government’s activities in a country and the culture of the people. Netherlands as a country is not an exception in respect to this phenomenon. In fact, Netherlands is acknowledged in history as the first country to have a parliament through an election process. Apart from being associated with other affiliations, Netherlands is one of the founding member states of the European Union, World Trade Organization and the NATO. The headquarters of various Organizations such as Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and international courts such as the International Court of Justice, ...

Arguably, globalization affects every aspect of human life, including religion, economic, politics, cultural and socially. In the world today, globalization has different meaning and definition. It is a continuous process of integration and interaction among different people, religions, governments and companies. In most cases the entire process of globalization is administered by information technology as well as motivated by investment and international trade. As a matter of fact Muslim brotherhood was founded in the year 1928 by a religious leader called Hassan al banna. They always advocated for the elimination of foreign influence and dominion of Muslim countries, especially in Egypt. ...

A legitimate government is crucial to the prosperity of a country and its people. A government that is acceptable to everybody is a product of a democratic process. Democracy is a system of governance where electing and replacing of an incumbent government is done through free and fair elections, (Adams Henry, 2008:2-5.)In a democratic system the government and the citizenry enters a social contract. The government is given the mandate by the electorate, to implement the social contract for the fixed period of time, failure to which it is kicked out through an election. Besides elections a democratic system displays the following features: Recurrent free ...

Abstract

The main points of this essay are as follows; with the coming of modernisation religion is becoming less necessary, it is replaced by science and ethics born of logic rather than superstition. Modern religious fundamentalists thus try to mount a counter offensive against modernity in the form of terrorism or hateful protests and general bigotry. Although as a gatekeeper it keeps a minority of people down in terms of limiting some crimes under the fear of hell, religious belief for centuries have been used to justify some of the worst crimes mankind has ever known. Another point I make is that religion ...