Essays on Gamma Radiation

Summary

Supported on carbon particles using the high energy electron beam Yuji Ohkubo, Masashi Shibata, Satoru Kageyama, Satoshi Seino, Takashi Nakagawa,Junichiro Kugai, Takao A. Yamamoto (2011) in their study of the Radiation-induced synthesis of Au–Pd nanoparticles of random alloy structure supported on carbon particles using the high energy electron beam found that Au-pd particle of ca 5-nm dispersed well on the carbon surface with ca. 30-nm without a significant agglomeration. Upon adding citric acid to the original solution, the resulting high pH was effective in the formation of alloy structures from the resulting bimetallic nanoparticles. Using the irradiation ...

Introduction

Objective The effect of gamma radiation exposure on various biological species is known to vary with the radiation dose. Contrary to earlier theories which predict greater damage with increasing dosage, recent studies have observed a non-linear relationship at relatively low doses (Al-Safadi & Simon, 1996; Bajaj et al., 1970; Mokobia, & Anomohanran, 2005). An experiment to observe this effect on the monocot crop plant Hordeum Vulgare was carried out. Varying doses of 0 Krad, 5Krad, 10 Krad, 25 Krad, 50 Krad, and 100 Krad were used on six batches of seedlings. The aim of this paper is to discuss the methodology ...

Introduction:

The report seeks to explore the production and utilization of nuclear energy, a form of energy that is produced through a series of chemical reactions involving the atomic nuclei. In 1896, three scientists, Henrie Becquerel, Pierre Currie and Marie Curie, discovered the radioactivity in uranium salts and further pursued the experiments, and they separated radium, the highly radioactive component (Healey 37). With advanced research, the atom came to be well defined. The terms alpha, beta and gamma decay, came into existence; that is, the release of energy when the nucleus releases neutrons and electrons in the form of electromagnetic radiation. ...

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J. Ernest Wilkins Jr. An African America, the youngest student in the University of Chicago at the age of 13, and a Ph.D. in Mathematics at the age of 19 – that is the genius of Jesse Ernest Wilkins Jr. His work on Multi Variable Calculus, Algebra, Nuclear Physics, and Engineering, have created and contributed extraordinary systems, not only in the fat man and a little boy nuclear explosions, but also in using nuclear energy for the generation of electricity as well Gamma-Ray protection. Unfortunately, he was an African-American, and it impacted him all his ...

Physics practical report: determining the range of a radiation and the energy content

Introduction Most of the radiations emitted by sources usually emanate from radioactive isotopes. These isotopes may be naturally radioactive or the emission may be induced by an external source of energy. Natural isotopes are mainly elements whose atomic mass exceeds 208. For this reason, the atomic size is very large creating an aspect of imbalance in charge within the atom. The highly positively charged nucleus does not feel the same magnitude of negative charge effect from the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. This makes the nucleus to disintegrate naturally to release some energy as it scales down the ...

I. Natural Radioactivity

Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon occurring in isotopes of elements with atomic numbers 20 and higher. This takes place in isotopes of elements with unstable atomic nuclei. Radiation-emitting isotopes are called radioisotopes. When an atom has an unstable nucleus, the number of protons and neutrons are not balanced and there are either too many protons or there are too few of it. This imbalance causes the nuclei to spontaneously decompose to form a more stable nucleus. During this process, energy or particles are released and this is known as radiation. There are three types of radiation. These are either in ...

Introduction

Radiation is best described as energy which is passing through space or a medium (Khan 2010). There are two categories of radiation; non-ionizing and ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation is important in the life systems and can be exemplified by heat, visible light, or radio waves; however, overexposure may be toxic. Ionizing radiation is the one commonly implied whenever the term radiation is used. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to change atoms which may result in changes in cell molecules leading to alterations within the cells and thus cell damage. Radiation is measured by the unit, rem, which is ‘roentgen equivalent ...