Essays on Gastroenteritis

In this case, there is a report of a mysterious outbreak which has affected a dozen people with one in critical condition and one fatality. All involved are said to have attended the same event, and they developed symptoms almost 24 hours later. Symptoms of the affected have been presented. Nobody appears to know the cause of the outbreak. To find answers and solutions to these problems, some questions need to be asked and answered. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends some of the questions asked should include demographic details including occupation, clinical details (onset, symptoms, severity, and duration), ...

Norovirus in Vermont

On the 3rd of February 2004, the Vermont Department of Health (VDH) was advised of a few people who had severe gastroenteritis in the wake of going to a private indoor swimming facility over the previous weekend (Podewils et al. 2007, p. 827). Reported side effects were intense onset retching, looseness of the bowels, and sickness and by and large happened inside 12–36 h of going to the office and kept going up to 2 days (Hall et al. 2011). A far-reaching investigation and assessment of the pools and pool support frameworks were led by the Vermont Department ...

Subjective History

The patient is a 10-year-old male with a five-day history of diarrhea and a four-day history of emesis. The brother also presented with similar symptoms. Although there was some language barrier, the father of the patient was able to relay that the two brothers had chicken which they, later on, ate in the next day. However, sine then they have been feeling bad as they presented with the symptoms described earlier. The patient described that he has had diarrhea four to five times in a single day for the last five days as well as emesis quite frequently for ...

1) Population growth and overpopulation is one of the major problems of every developing country. The factors that influence population growth are: a) Women getting married at early ages lead to a high birth rate. b) Provision of health benefits to children, women and the elderly have contributed to decreased mortality rate, and thus increased birth rate. c) Lack of family planning contributes to increased birth greatly. According to census, The United States population as on June 11, 2016 is 323,747,258 with one birth in every eight seconds, one death in every seconds and one international migrant ...

Breastfeeding Promotion Among Minority Populations

1.) Identify a need, real or potential, in the community where you live. Breastfeeding rates among mothers in the United States are lower than the Academy of Pediatrics recommendation (M. Bartick & A. Reinhold, 2010).The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding exclusive breastfeeding for six months, followed by uninterrupted breastfeeding for at least 12 months as complementary foods are introduced(Meek & Yu, 2011). Exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to reduce morbidity from life-threatening illness. Indeed, studies show that exclusive and/or predominant formula feeding is associated with increased risk for negative health outcomes(Bernard et al., 2013; Delgado & Matijasevich, 2013; ...

Nausea and vomiting can indicate the presence of gastrointestinal disorders (GI), metabolic disorders, neurological issues, or adverse reactions to drugs or substance abuse (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). Although the exact medical history of HL is unknown, based on the drugs used in the patient’s treatment, it is possible to assume that the patient suffers from hypertension, chest pain, breathing disorders, ulcerative colitis, or hormonal imbalances (Cerner Multum [CM], 2012; CM 2013a; CM 2013b).

Because diarrhea occurs simultaneously with vomiting and nausea, my diagnosis would be viral gastroenteritis, which should resolve spontaneously within five days (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). ...

The initial assumption after hearing about the 20-year-old female patient’s nausea and vomiting is that she had suffered from food intolerance because it is a common occurrence when people eat shellfish (LeBlond, Brown, & DeGowin, 2009). However, it is important to remember that misdiagnosis occurs in 30 – 40 percent of cases in which patients report abdominal pain (Seller & Symons, 2012), so a detailed assessment of the patient’s medical history should be performed, followed by physical examinations and diagnostic tests.

Previous or current pharmacological treatments and information about possible chronic disorders is relevant for reaching the correct diagnosis. ...

Background and significance of the problem

Salmonella species are a group of Gram-negative enterobacteria associated with human and animal infections. There are two types of Salmonella strains viz. Typhoid Salmonella and non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). The former causes enteric fever that leads to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing countries. The epidemiology of Salmonella infections vary considerably depending on the species involved. The enteric fever caused by S. typhi and S. paratyphi is severe and life threatening condition whereas NTS infections are self-limiting. Humans serve as the reservoirs for typhoid Salmonella that transmits predominantly through water. On the contrary, NTS strains harbor animals as reservoirs ...

Salmonella

Scientific name of the causative organism: Different serovars of Salmonella enterica

I. Classification

Superkingdom: - Bacteria

Kingdom: - Bacteria

Phylum: - Proteobacteria

Order: - Enterobacteriales

Family: - Enterobacteriaceae

Genus: - Salmonella

Species: - S. enterica.

Strain: Salmonella enterica has more than 2500 strains of which Typhi and Paratyphi are the most common.

II. Structure and morphology

If bacterial:

Shape: Salmonella are rod shaped bacteria with diameters ranging from 0.7 to 1.5µm and about 2 to 5µm in length. Arrangement: Glycocalyx: Cell wall: Bacteria of this genus are gram negative. Cell wall components: S. Typhi has a Polysaccharide capsule Vi on ...