Essays on Genetic Diversity

Abstract

Research shows that the invertebrates can undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction, for example, the case with the female copperhead snake. Various studies took place to explore the instances that commonly occur in snakes and lizards, whereby the organisms reproduce through the process of parthenogenesis. The essay will entail an analysis of the processes of asexual and sexual reproduction, about the genetic diversity. In particular, a strong relationship exists between the processes of cell division with the common genetic diversity that exists among organisms. Additionally, there will be an analysis of the processes of cell division, and most specifically ...

A General Outlook on Meiosis and Mitosis Processes

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Think phases, starting and ending products, chromosome numbers, the purpose of each, and the cell types that complete each type of division. Be sure to do a DIRECT compare and contrast, and write in paragraph form - Mitosis involves one cellular division resulting in identical daughter cells while meiosis involves two cellular divisions resulting in different daughter cells. Meiosis produces four haploid cells while mitosis produces two diploid cells- this ensures genetic diversity by sexual reproduction in meiosis and cellular reproduction and production of general growth products in mitosis. The chromosome number also ...

Chapter 9

Question 1

Binary mission in prokaryotes Mitosis and Meiosis in eukaryotes Question 2 The development of embryos as well as the growth and development of bodies. Important in asexual reproduction. Question 3 The term cell cycle refers to an ordered set of events leading to cell growth and division into two daughter cells.

Question 4

Interphase is a phase of the cell cycle characterized by the absence of cell division. During this phase, the cell obtain nutrients, the organelles duplicates, protein synthesis takes place, and cells duplicate its genetic material (its chromatids). The genetic material is located in the nuclei of ...

Condition such as a disease, before and after a diagnostic test, respectively. The result of the diagnostic test could be either positive or negative. In reality, the subjectivity of the probabilities is merely based on a piece of information, whether an individual has a condition or not. The condition is regarded as a psychological phenomenon to those who go through a certain diagnostic test. In addition, the probability is always a 0 per cent or a 100 per cent result. The difference between the pretest and posttest probabilities on a certain condition is a major ...

This paper considers the ecological relationships among organisms in two paintings. While the obvious, mutualistic situations jump out immediately, consideration is given to the potential for other symbiotic types of co-existence. The possibilities are endless. This is not so much because of what is in the paintings, but because of what is missing. What is most amazing about the presence of living things on Earth is the way they depend on and impact one another. If it were possible to use a string to connect living things to one another (based on how they directly or indirectly affect one ...

Specific Aims

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) encodes a DNA-editing deaminase, which is a group of the Cytidine Deaminase family (Bello). This protein is concerned in somatic gene conversion, hypermutation, and class-switch recombination of Ig (immunoglobulin genes). Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been expressed in B cells at germinal center and starts the events, which lead to class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes and somatic hypermutation. Additionally to this primary responsibility in immune diversification, deviant targeting of Activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity leads to translocations and point mutations of oncogenes linked with B-cell lymphoma. Lately, AID has been related in active DNA demethylation (Sariah). ...

Description of Wheatley’s Essay

Margaret Wheatley’s Essay “Innovation Means Relying on Everyone’s Creativity” has two central points guiding a wealth of practical knowledge on organizational leadership gained through her experiences. The first is that organizations act in the same way as living organism. The whole of the organization can be seen as a species that will change according to alterations to environmental conditions. The second part of her thesis is “People only support what they create” (Wheatley, 2001). This means that in order to get support for new policies or changes to the organization, everyone within the organization must play a role in enacting ...

Captive Breeding of Marine Mammals: Challenges and Mitigating Measures

Introduction The growing demand to sustain the current lifestyle of the human population puts an added strain to the natural resources of the world. The increase in the exploitation of tropical forests and marine communities leads to a series of habitat destruction thereby leaving thousands of species of both terrestrial and marine animal homeless (Soule et al., 1986). Since 1986, there are already about nineteen percent and nine percent of the world’s mammals and birds respectively that are bread by zoos as per the International Zoo Yearbook Census. Based on the International Species Inventory System, there are about ...

- (6 pt.) Describe the effects harvest, disturbance, and nutrient enrichment by humans have had on other wild populations. Be sure to explain how these activities act as selective agents and what the most-fit phenotype will be under these circumstances. Human activities have emerged to be the most precarious and dreadful to the wild population. Notably, human interfere with biodiversity and wild population in a number of ways. Overharvesting includes activities such as target haunting, gathering or fishing for a particular species. Overharvesting has been associated with extinction of some species of organisms. For example, advancement in technology after the ...

Module 6: evolution part 1

Describe three ways in which natural selection can affect a population over time

- directional selection - stabilizing selection - Disruptive selection In directional selection, the phenotype is favored over genotype causing allele to move in one direction and hence creating certain traits in an organism. The favored alleles are therefore dominant over the other alleles. For example, in a community that consist of bird with a length of 2cm and grain eater, after a long period and a change of food available the length of beak can change gradually. The dominant allele leads to the required change in the shape ...

Exam questions

Anthropology refers to the study of human society, human nature, and human past. Therefore, it is essentially a scholarly discipline, which aims to give a description of what it means to be a human. This discipline is holistic meaning that its primary goal is to study the human kind as a whole, comparative meaning that comparative methods are employed in the study of the human behavior structure and development, field based, as well as evolutionary. Anthropology is traditionally divided into 4 fields that include cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and biological anthropology. It is worth noting that all these fields are united ...

Sustainable development and business ethics are interrelated in many respects. Sustainable development is understood as a form of human development where resource use aims to ensure as human needs are met the natural systems and the environment is sustained. Business ethics on the other hand refers to the principles that govern the acceptable conduct in business organizations. Any business organization that has sober set principles can easily respect the legal procedures that govern the use of resources found in the natural systems and environment. Many states have ratified laws that protect and regulate the use of resources fostering economic growth ...

Abstract

Trichomonas gallinae, a flagellated protozoan, adversely affects the avian livestock, particularly the columbids. It causes an infection called necrotic ingluvitis and the disease can range from asymptomatic to lethal. The parasite affects the anterior gastrointestinal tract of the bird, forms granulomatous lesions, and blocks the oesophagus, making the bird starve, thus leading to death. The virulence of the strain varies with some strains causing up to 75% mortality. In UK, the infection was first recognized as an emerging infectious disease of British finches in summer of 2005. The sick dead birds exhibited signs of malaise such as lethargy and fluffed-up ...

In the film The Power of an Illusion, it is stated that "Humans are 99.9% identical genetically. Of the tiny amount of difference that exists, 85% is found in any local group, be they Italians, Kurds, or Cherokees. For example, two random Koreans are likely to be genetically different as a Korean and Italian" (Adelman, 2003). This statement identifies the distinct lack of a factual basis for constructing a concept of race based on genetics. Nonetheless, race is a significant social issue; despite 99.9% of our genetic makeup between ethnicities being similar, many people find strong animosity or loyalty to certain races (Adelman, 2003). ...

The natural reproductive process involves the fusion of genetic materials from one female and one male parent through sexual contact. The offspring produced bears the combined genetic materials of his/her parents, which is unique on its own. Now, with the advent of technology, an individual may now be produced from a single parent without the need for sexual contact. Cloning is the process or technique used to create an organism that is 100% genetically identical to its parent. The pioneering era of cloning was started in 1952 by biologists Robert Briggs and Thomas King, wherein they attempted to “clone” a frog ...

Introduction

According to Frankham, Ballou and Briscoe (2009), conservation genetics is a basic and applied science that deals with molecular biology, ecology, mathematical modeling and construction of family relationships. For scientists to apply management techniques, they must understand the genetic relationships that exist between the different organisms under study. In addition, the organisms being studied are usually endangered species. Endangered species are those species that are at a high danger of instant extinction (Frankham, Ballou &Briscoe, 2009).

Causes of Extinction

Most extinction results from human factors (Frankham, Ballou &Briscoe, 2009). Over the previous century, the human population has grown exponentially. This has resulted to adverse ...

Introduction

The article, “Genotyping and identification of mycobacteria by fingerprinting Techniques” by Khosravi and Seghatoleslami (2009) shows how fingerprinting can be used to identify mycobacteria in combating Tuberculosis (TB) which for a long time has been a serious health concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some of the techniques used in molecular epidemiology like MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping are described in the article.

Summary

The article has deeply illustrated the various ways of carrying out Genotyping of mycobacteria for carrying out epidemiological studies. It has also shown that through molecular typing of MTB the disease can be controlled. The study of the epidemiology ...