Essays on Homeostasis

Stress is a state of threatened homeostasis that triggers an array of adaptive physiological and behavioral response in an effort to reestablish homeostasis. (Edelman & Mandle, 2014) The emergence and experience of stress depends not only on objective, but on subjective factors, the characteristics of the man himself: assessment of their situation, mapping their forces and characteristics that are required, etc. Any surprise which breaks the habitual course of life can cause stress or stressor. It does not matter the content of the situation and the degree of objective threat. Important is a subjective attitude. A stressor is the factor ...

Literature on the effect of environmental stress caused by changes in the climate is more relevant today than it has been before, especially in the context of global warming (Beniston 2010). Schulte (2014) and Somero (2010) published articles on environmental stress and climate change respectively. Reading the two articles offers an understanding of how the two variables are interrelated and the effect that they have on living organisms. The manner in which the arguments are constructed presents with various positives and negatives. This critique will highlight the positives and negatives with the help of literature from other scholars. Schulte ( ...

Introduction

The human body consists various cells that are actively involved in the maintenance of metabolism. Although, the body organs, cells as well as tissues usually carry out different functions, the body cells are similar in regard to their pertinent metabolic needs (Sherwood, 2015). Thus, maintaining the internal environment at a constant state mainly by proving the oxygen as well as nutrients and elimination of waste in the body is an essential process for the wellbeing of the cells as well as the whole body. As such, the various processes through which the human controls or regulates the internal environment ...

Abstract

The uses of radiation revolutionized medicine when experimentation on its potential applications begun. X-Ray technology, discovered by Wilhem Roentgen, is currently used as a common tool for diagnostics; Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie dedicated themselves to further investigations in the field, discovering additional radioactive materials (polonium and radium); radiation therapy is a popular treatment for cancer. This paper analyzes the historical background behind these two applications of radiation in the medical field. Moreover, the different types of radiotherapy are described (external-beam radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy). The concept of radiation homeostasis, which is the notion that low-dose ...

And

Enzymatic Activity Blood Glucose Regulation and Enzymatic Activity Blood glucose levels in the human blood need to be balanced; as otherwise, it would lead to several fatal consequences and ill physical health. Uncontrolled blood glucose levels may damage blood vessels which supply blood to important organs such as the heart, kidneys, lungs, brain etc. Homeostasis in blood glucose levels is maintained by the coordinated efforts of two vital hormones – insulin and glucagon, along with action by certain enzymes. All these work together, to maintain homeostasis in the body according to body needs. Insulin is secreted by the β-cells of ...

The function of golli-MBP is less understood than that of the classic MBP. However, golli-MBP is believed to play an important role in various physiological activities such as the regulation of calcium (Ca) homeostasis especially in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and in T-cells ( Paez et al., 2007). The latter authors investigated this particular property of golli-MBP using fluorescent protein clones, cell lines and imaging techniques. It was revealed that when overexpressed in OL cell lines (N19), the golli proteins activate the elaboration of processes and sheets which retract rapidly following a depolarization with high potassium ions (K+). Simultaneously, a substantial augmentation ...

Homeostasis refers to any self-regulating process by which biological systems attempt to maintain stability despite changes in the external and internal environment (Sturmberg & Martin, 2013). Biological systems interact with each other to maintain a suitable condition of the internal environment for the survival of the living organism. The biological systems of the living organism are in a state of constant change. The regulation of the systems within a given range of various conditions helps to keep the living organisms alive and healthy. The systems also interact with the external environment in different ways. The conditions of the external environment ...

Marcason W., What are the Components of the MIND diet? Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2015; 115(10): 1744

exercise? Movement Disorders. 2015; 31(3): 299 This is the first randomised control trial aimed at assessing the role of multi-domains in the reduction of cognitive decline. 1,260 participants aged 60 to 77 were involved in the two-year study. The multidomain assessed included management of metabolic and vascular risk factors, social abilities, cognitive training and an exercise program. At the end of the study, it was found that cognitive function of the intervention group ...

Healthy families, promote the wellbeing of their family members through the provision of emotional support and companionship, positive relationships with the family members, economic security, the psychological and physical health of the family members. Imbalances in the family dynamics lead to the family problems witnessed in the present day. Imbalanced family dynamics cause problems such a child development, addiction and violent tendencies; it also leads to personality disorders among children and adults (Dayton, 2016). Children draw from the synchrony and wellbeing of their parents, positive energy projected within a family gives rise to high immunity and mental health of ...

Magnesium is an essential nutrient

Magnesium is a mineral which is of great abundance in the human body. Along with enzymes, it is important for protein synthesis, muscle regulation and a host of other important cellular factors such as oxidative phosporylation, energy production which involves production and utilization of ATP and glycolysis. Additionally, Magnesium is required to assist in different cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription and RNA translation(Barbagallo, 2012). Magnesium is found usually in the bones and or in the soft tissues of humans. Next to Potassium, it is the most abundant ion in the body. The plasma actually contains ...

REPLY 1: EC

The lack of synergy amongst diverse elements within the closed system, the lack of control and the lack of output within the system may have contributed to the marginal results.

Identify and discuss instances of an aggregate mentality at work in this case.

Aggregate mentality is first witnessed amongst the subgroups recommendations within the task force whereby no new recommendations to the closed system are made. Whereas one group recommends the taking up of total quality management and another recommends a return to the basics, no effort towards the overhaul of the system is made. Would Karen today describer her school or school system as relatively open or relatively closed? Why? Classify ...

Lorenzo's Case Study

Summary of the Movie The film focuses on the Odone family, where the only child, Lorenzo, has developed a mysterious illness, revealed to be Adrenoleukodystrophy, also referred to as ALD. The parents, Augusto, and Michaela discover that the disease is incurable and will cause degeneration of their child’s brain. At that time, being 1984, there were no conventional medicines that could help in curbing the illness. It began with Lorenzo having seizures, occasional fits and some bodily disorders such as paralysis and deafness, and finally resulting in deterioration of the brain (Miller, 1994). The movie focuses on the ...

Introduction

The body is on an ongoing and continuous quest to maintain an environment characterized with equilibrium. Scientifically, this state is called homeostasis. It is the body’s internal mechanism that is meant to make the person survive, despite the numerous internal and external changes it may encounter. The body of a person who was acutely exposed to a colder than usual environment would, for example, react by preserving the heat that is currently stored in and generated by the body—something which can be done in a lot of ways such as, but may not be limited to vasoconstriction, ...

Research Question: Does a diet such as low fat and low cholesterol really help lower LDL? Hypothesis: It may or may not. Early research sometimes suggested not eating eggs would help lower cholesterol. This resulted in limits for how many eggs one should eat, if any. Determine if a low fat and low cholesterol diet really works with the study outlined below . Compare two groups of patients: one group eliminating foods which may alter LDL levels and one which continues on with their usual diet before diagnosis of the high LDL levels. Foods to be considered are eggs, 2% ...

The human body consists of trillions of cells that work together synchronously for the maintenance of an organism. The metabolic needs of all the cells in the body are almost similar. For the well-being of a human body and the proper functioning of all the cells, constant internal environment needs to be maintained by providing the cells with oxygen and nutrients (Homeostasis and Regulation in the Human Body < OpenCurriculum, 2016) The internal environment of the body is tissue fluid, which bathes all cells making up the body (Mader, 2016). The composition of the tissue fluid must always remain ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Pathophysiology and Aetiology

Acute renal failure or ARF means any abnormality with the function of kidneys. Kidney performs multiple functions thus ARF is also termed as acute renal injury (ARI). Now medicine and healthcare have advanced to a higher level integrated with different drug therapies and dialysis treatments though the mortality rate with such condition is still high; that is 50% of kidney patients and up to 85% of patients with other co-morbidities (Doenges, Moorhouse & Murr, 2014). The Pathophysiology of ARF includes a rapid fall in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) ...

BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES GRID

INSTITUTUIONAL AFFILIATION The purpose of this paper is to identify the major systems of the human body which, include the Nervous System, the Cardiovascular System, the Endocrine System, the Respiratory System, the Musculoskeletal System, and the Lymphatic System. The organs for each specific system will be identified, a brief explanation of each bodily function will be provided, and major diseases afflicting the system will be discussed.

Taylor (n.d.) clarifies that the sensory system comprises of the cerebrum, spinal line, tangible organs, and the majority of the nerves that associate these organs with whatever remains of the body. Together, these ...

Since the 1960s, the International Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness holds the Mr. Olympia contest every year to determine the man with “best physique in the world”. In the 1970s, the Golden Era of bodybuilding, the best body was considered to have a perfect amount of mass, symmetry, aesthetics, and definition. Legendary bodybuilder Steve Reeves influenced these standards. Reeves trained his body so that every muscle was symmetrical and proportionate. His philosophy was that each thigh should measure half the length of the chest, arms and calves should equal in length, and the body should have a small as ...

The Major Anatomical regions, landmarks, directions and cavities of the liver

The liver is considered as the heart of the digestive system. In humans, the liver is present in the upper right quadrant pf the abdominal cavity. The liver lies below the diaphragm. The gallbladder is covered by the liver to some extent. It is a vital organ that plays an important role in the production of chemicals for digestion in humans. The liver is divided in to two lobes, the left and the right lobe respectively. The two lobes are separated by the imaginary plan called the Cantlie's line. The liver is connected by two large blood vessels, the portal ...

Biology Assignment

- Cellular respiration is the metabolic process through which glucose is broken down in the cells to produce energy in the form of ATP. Anaerobic respiration or glycolysis is the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into ATP, which requires no oxygen. This process involves removal of hydrogen and electrons from glucose to generate NADH, pyruvate and energy equivalent to two molecules of ATP. In the absence of oxygen pyruvate undergoes fermentation, whereas in the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is siphoned into the mitochondria and is completely broken down. The citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and ...

Psychology Motivation

1. Explain the role of hormones across multiple motivation systems. Include in your answer (but do not limit to): sex differences, action patterns and implications for human applications.

Testosterone is considered to be a steroid hormone that is derived from cholesterol and released in men. Men hormones are called androgens responsible for the formation of masculine qualities. In addition to supporting basic physical development, testosterone is associated with psychology motivation. For instance, this hormone is in charge of leading behavior intended to get high status (Mazur, 1998). Testosterone is interrelated with social position and dominant conduct in different species. ...

Respiration is essential in the survival of all living organisms. It is a process where gas exchange occurs in all biological organisms. In the case of animals such as humans, respiration is affected by the ratio of the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The human body generally requires oxygen gas because it is only through this aerobic respiration by which metabolic functions are assumed to maintain homeostasis. In humans there is a specific organ system which is solely dedicated to respiration known as the respiratory system. The human respiratory system constitutes different types of organs which performs ...

Questions/Diabetes

Q # 1: What is the most commonly used restrictive bariatric procedure worldwide? The restrictive procedures used for bariatric surgeries are of adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). AGB is said to be the commonest restrictive procedure in the world. In AGB, at the fundus of stomach, an inflatable band made up of silicone is attached. The gastrointestine remains intact from anatomical point of view. Gastric emptying also remains unchanged. In 2009, 40% of bariatric procedures are done by AGB in USA. But now, AGB is replaced by VSG. It is said to be the more ...

Diabetes Types, stats and pathology

Introduction 2 Statistics 2 Types of Diabetes 3 Type-1Diabetes 3 Type-2 Diabetes 4 Juvenile Diabetes 4 Gestational Diabetes 4 Prediabetes 5 LADA 5 MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) 5 Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis 6 Medical diagnosis 7 Causes 8 Monitoring diabetes and Drug Therapy 10 Insulin Shots and therapeutic agents 10 Dietary Considerations and Nutrition Therapy 11 Conclusion 11 Introduction Diabetes is a challenging disease for current health care that is causing a heavy financial burden to the society. Estimations have ...

Homeostasis means highly complex interactions, which are regulated to maintain the balance within the body of humans. Homeostasis establishes optimum conditions within an organism thereby this balance is required for the normal and proper functioning of the body. To perform the division of labor Homeostasis is divided into sub categories like temperature and acid-base homeostasis. Acid base homeostasis deals with the pH of the body. Any organism’s body is highly sensitive to maintain a level of its pH such metabolic pathways exist which maintain its normal level. PH is very important to maintain as more than 70% of ...

Almost the inevitable consequence of any conflict is the stress. Its unpleasant symptoms (the irritability, inability to concentrate, and then the feeling of the causeless tiredness, etc.) appear and are instantly visible to the naked eye. The last conflict, which ended for me with the stress, had a quarrel with my parents.

1) alarm reaction, which manifested itself in the urgent mobilization of the defense forces and resources of the body; 2) the phase of the resistance, allowing the body to cope with stress-related impacts; 3) the phase of exhaustion, after too protracted and too intense fighting having ...

1. Introduction: The current environment especially in Western societies promotes increasing consumption of calories along with a relatively sedentary lifestyle thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. Body weight is regulated by complex interaction of genes that promote energy storage along with environmental factors that promote enhanced energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. This obesity promoting environment makes it difficult for many people to sustain weight loss for long periods of time and adequately maintain healthy lifestyle habits. Obesity can overall have many devastating effects on human health such as increased tendency to develop high blood pressure, cardiovascular problems and strokes. ...

(City, State)

Introduction

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the artery. Measuring the blood pressure is done in mmHg or millimeters of mercury and is given by two numbers. The number on the top shows the maximum pressure that is exerted by the heart while beating also known as systolic pressure. The bottom number shows the quantity of pressure in the arteries between heartbeats also known as the diastolic pressure. The difference that occurs between the top number and the lower one is referred to as the pulse pressure. Heart rate is ...

Extracellular fluid and Intracellular fluid

Water represents 60% of body weight in males and 50% in females. However, this water contains a lot of soluble substances. The total body water in the body is divided into intracellular and extracellular. Intracellular fluid is the liquid contained inside the cell membrane. It comprises of approximately 25-40 litres of fluid. Extracellular fluid (ECF) includes all the fluid present outside the cells. The total amount of ECF is approximately 14 litres in a 70 kg person. Depending upon the location in the body, ECF is divided into the interstitial fluid, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, lymph, gastrointestinal fluid ...

Part 1: Stress and Weight Gain

The hormones implicated in the weight gain response that some individuals experience when stressed are adrenaline, CRH or corticotropin-releasing hormone, and cortisol. This response is an evolutionary adaptation to cope with high energy expenditure of human’s hunter-gatherer ancestor, but it modern day, this response is due to psychological stressors from chronic worry and anxiety from daily life. The problem with this adaptation in modern humans is that the hormones do not have the same effect it once did, which was to provide energy for a hunt and subsequently replenish the body. However, the modern human neither expels a lot of ...

Introduction

This review covers the pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, management and complications associated with diabetes mellitus commonly known as diabetes, a disorder that affects more than 385 million people worldwide (idf.org). The long term prognosis and impact on the quality of life are also discussed. Diabetes is defined by the American diabetes association as a group of disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from deficiency in the activity of insulin or reduced insulin secretion, or both. There are three main types of diabetes namely type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus has no cure. It is a lifelong ...

Nurs. 607

Introduction Adaptation refers to a general process used by people, animals, plants, and the biological organisms living in the atmosphere. As change in nature is a constant process, one must learn to adapt to the change of the environment in order for survival. Adaptation to change is essential to the evolution of life. The evolution is an ever-going process that brings changes within the environment. From the moment we are conceived and take birth in this world, we are constantly adapting to certain forms of evolution (birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and middle aged adulthood) and advancing through different ...

Why are lipids important?

Lipids are a form of organic molecules, which are categorized together based on their solubility in non-polar solvents. There are four key lipid groups, which include fatty acids, glycerides, nonglyceride lipids and Complex lipids. Lipids are important since they serve different biological functions, which include storage of energy, source of energy, structural components of the cell membrane, adsorption of vitamins, protection, as well as insulation.

Can the body produce essential fatty acids (EFA’s)? If not, how does thebody obtain these needed lipids?

Essential fatty acids (EFAS) include omega-6 also known as linoleic acid and omega-3 also known as alpha-linolenic acid. The body does not produce them, but they are needed and are used to make other fatty ...

A time has come whereby, I as the video reporter will embark on an exciting voyage piloting a mini sub in the process of miniaturization. In this journey, I and my sub are 8 microns long. This man hungrily sips the beer swallowing me and my associates. In this trip, I am tasked to describe the process of digestion of the consumed carbohydrates, proteins and fats. When we reach the distal ileum, we will enter the blood stream via the mucosal membrane through the superior Mesenteric vein. After getting into the blood stream, we will proceed with our journey to ...

ID Number

Information about the Athlete

Derrick Rose is one of the bankable players in NBA. Derrick was born in Chicago, Illinois on the 4th of October 1988. Derrick’s brothers influenced him to play at the court. They helped him learn about passing, dribbling, and shooting. Further, Derrick looks up to Michael Jordan as his role model. Being the youngest, Derrick was well-protected by his brothers and mother. During high school, Derrick enrolled in a vocation school called Simeon Career Acadehis where he was able to exhibit his skills in basketball. Derrick led the team during the championship in the city. Toward ...

Philosophy

Heart Disease as the Largest Health Threat In our current period, I feel that heart disease is the largest health threat globally. This class of disease has been the deadliest if not one of the leading causes of death around the world based on the statistics and research done by many doctors and scientist. There have been some recent studies done by the American Heart Association showing statistical results including its risk factors. In addition, the results also showed that heart disease is still the leading cause of fatality among adults in the United States (San Luis, 2013). ...

Introduction

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands located on top of kidneys and is usually released in response to particular circumstances and events, including acute stress and waking up in the morning. It significantly affects the body’s processes and helps its effort to maintain homeostasis (Aronson, 2009). It also plays a major role in human nutrition, as it helps regulate energy by determining which type of substrate (and which amount), protein, fat, or carbohydrate, the body needs to meet its demand efficiently. If cortisol stress hormone is increased for long periods of time and becomes chronically elevated, ...

The hypothesis for the research study was “The connection of p53 activity and p53 Ser18 phosphorylation to metabolic regulation supports a model whereby the mechanism of ATM-mediated physiological regulation of insulin sensitivity may involve p53 activity and ATM-mediated p53 phosphorylation” (Heather, Armata, Golebiowski, Young, Jin Ko, Jason, Kim, and Sluss 3). To test the above hypothesis the metabolic control in mice was compared in presence and absence of a germ line mutation in p53 phosphorylation site Ser18. These p53 mice shows defects in p53-mediated apoptosis and gene expression (Heather 10), but unlike p53-null mice, p53 mice cultivate tumors lone at ...

in Type II Diabetes Mellitus The article titled Effects of Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by David Kelley and Bret Goodpaster was published in one of the issues of the Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. The purpose of this article is to examine how physical activity influences the course of the diabetes milletus, whether the higher intensity and dose-response training improve the level of glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Milletus. Firstly, the article describes the features of the type 2 diabetes and why investigation of its mechanisms is important to the modern ...

The effects of acid reflux on the equilibrium (homeostasis) of the human digestive system vary according to the extent the disease attacks the esophagus. Located in the upper digestive tract of the body, the esophagus tube carries ingested food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach (nih.gov 2013). The physiological effects of acid reflux disease on the digestive system affect its homeostasis by irritating the esophagus causing different symptoms. When acid reflux disease (GERD) occurs the muscle at the end of the esophagus fails to close properly allowing leakage of the contents of the stomach backing up ...

Identity

Age- 24 years Ethnicity – African American Occupation- seaman with US navy Medium of communication- English Background: Antwone was born on 8th of august, 1976 in a correctional facility home for women in Ohio State. Antwone does not know the reason of his mother, Eva mae’s imprisonment. Antwone, never saw his father, Edward Elkins who was killed before Antwone’s birth. In fact he came to know about his father’s last name very recently. After his birth, Antwone was sent to an orphanage by state social services. Antwone states that his mother never came ...

Anatomy deals with the study of forms and body structures (both internal and external) along different levels of organization such as molecules, cells, tissues, organs and organ system. These forms and body structures performs a corresponding function which is responsible for the growth and development of an organism. The study that deals “with the patterns and processes through which the body functions in its environment” is known as physiology (Starr, Evers and Starr, 2008). Physiology is essential in understanding how anatomical structures perform individual and group task related to the activities of the body. For instance, one segment of the ...

Abstract

The body has two main systems that are involved in the maintenance and reestablishment of homeostasis, nervous system and endocrine system. The endocrine system is made up of groups of organs that are involved in the production of chemical messengers known as hormones. Some of the major endocrine glands that are found in a human body include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, pineal, gonad, adrenal, and pancreas glands. Although biological observations that are grounded in the functions of endocrine systems were noted by some of the ancient cultures, the modern understanding of various endocrine glands and the way they produce ...

Thesis Proposal: 1st Draft

How Temperature Effects Platelet Function During Hypothermic and Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass ABSTRACT Background During the process of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB), the physiology of platelet functions subjected to different temperature conditions largely determines whether a patient will experience increased or reduced postoperative bleeding. This research paper showed that platelets levels in normothermic patients are preserved better than in the hypothermic patients.

Methods

Meta-analysis test was applied in numerous peer-reviewed journals. Among the articles I reviewed, one hundred patients were randomized into the normothermic perfusion (35 to 37Cº, N=50) and the mild hypothermic CPB group (27-32Cº, N=50). They compared temperature ...

Homeostasis is dependent on the precision of the organs and organ system regulations in the body. The nervous system works together with the nervous system to regulate and offer coordination to the activities of almost all other parts of the body. Just like the nervous system, the endocrine system uses chemical known as hormones to communicate with other parts of the body. A hormone molecule is a specific messenger that is synthesized and released by specialized cells known as an endocrine gland. The endocrine glands are ductless with the hormones being released into the blood directly and taken to the ...

Introduction

The cardiovascular system consists of arteries, capillaries veins blood vessels and the heart. The heart delivers nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and caries waste products for elimination from the tissues (Hester & Lusha, 2012). The regulation of the cardiovascular system occurs through a complex interaction of both neural and non-neural mechanisms that aim at guaranteeing a constant internal environment (homeostasis) in organisms (Malliani 2000). The regulation of the cardiovascular system occurs through hemodynamics, through auto regulation, hormonal regulation and neural control (Khurana, 2008). The most important of the regulatory mechanisms are closed loop reflexes like baro- reflexes, chemo reflexes and ...

Abstract

The paper articulates the electrolyte and fluid study by describing functions and location of various body fluids and factors that affects variations in fluid compartments. These body fluids involves Body fluids involve blood plasma, mucus and lymphatic fluid, saliva and gastric juice, and other fluids such as tears, sweat, semen and vaginal secretions. The functions, regulation, sources and losses of the main electrolytes in the body are also described. The paper also outlines the basic principles of some of the processes that occur in human body such as osmosis, filtration, active transport and diffusion. In order to understand ...

A Journey through the Digestive, Circulatory and Urinary Systems

My Fantastic Voyage: A Journey through the Digestive, Circulatory and Urinary Systems My journey begins with the ingestion of a cheeseburger, fries, and root beer by a 55 year old man. I begin my trip in the gastrointestinal tract. While in the mouth, the food is masticated by the teeth and combined with saliva to moisten the bolus and begin digestion. Salivary amylase begins the breakdown of starches into smaller sugars and salivary lipase begins breaking down the fats (“Saliva,” 2013). We are then swallowed and peristalsis moves us down the esophagus towards the stomach (University of Leicester, 2001). ...

- Sodium imbalance The normal range for serum sodium levels in adults and older children is 137 to 145 millimoles per litre. A person with more than 145 millimoles of sodium per litre is said to have hypernatremia. A person with less than 137 millimoles per liter is said to have hyponatremia. George’s sodium imbalance could be as a result of lung carcinoma which he suffers from. Lung carcinoma is known to cause syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone. This syndrome results in the abnormal secretion of anti-diuretic hormone. The increase in the levels of anti-diuretic hormone ...

Chapter I

The stereotypes and micro-aggressions suffered by a Black woman in a toxic workplace leads to deleterious effects. The effects reported here include oppression, shame, and isolation. Internalizing these feelings of isolation systematically caused the body, mind, and spirit to suffer physiologically and psychologically. The overall strategy is termed disconnection; this concept is reinforced by the “power over” (Jordan, 2010) by a dominant group who wantonly exercise shame and isolation to discourage mutually empowerment relationships (Jordan, 2010, p. 105). This Black woman is me. The terms Black and African American are used interchangeably. It is my preference to identify with the Black ...

Chapter I

The stereotypes and micro-aggressions suffered by a Black woman in a toxic workplace leads to deleterious effects. The effects reported here include oppression, shame, and isolation. Internalizing these feelings of isolation systematically caused the body, mind, and spirit to suffer physiologically and psychologically. The overall strategy is termed disconnection; this concept is reinforced by the “power over” (Jordan, 2010) by a dominant group who wantonly exercise shame and isolation to discourage mutually empowerment relationships (Jordan, 2010, p. 105). This Black woman is me. The terms Black and African American are used interchangeably. It is my preference to identify with the Black ...

It is well documented that human beings are capable of thriving and surviving in the harshest of conditions ranging from the arctic to the equator and with different forms of lifestyles and diets. One of the reasons’ for this is not farfetched, it is the ability of the human body to adapt to various conditions and in turn maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the human body's ability to regulate her internal environment physiologically in a bid to ensure and maintain stability in response to the instability and fluctuations of the weather and the external environment. Also, homeostasis refers to the ...

Homeostasis is the propensity of an organism/a cell to direct its internal situation, typically by a system of reaction controls, for the health and functioning to be stablelized, despite the outside altering conditions. The capability of the body /a cell is to look for and uphold the state of stability inside its internal environment while it’s dealing with the outside changes. Homeostasis takes place when the body regulates its temperature so as to try maintaining an inner temperature.eg in hot days we sweat to cool off, also we shiver to generate heat in the cold season. Homeostasis use hormones to ...

In skin homeostasis, it has been found that HF bulge cells are crucial to the SG renewal. The association between the HG bulge cells and SCs as well as linked progenitor and committed cell lines was established by studying their distribution in the process of skin homeostasis. It was observed that the K15CreER(G)T2 transgenic mouse lines on Tam administration showed YFP or β-galactosidase expression in HF bulge cells as well as other descending cell lines. Evaluation of whole mounts of mouse tail and back skins showed results similar other reports that LacZ+ cells comprise almost the whole ...

Manifestations and Outcomes Type 2 Diabetes: Gene-Environment Interactions, Manifestations and Outcomes

Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic form of diabetes, so various environmental and genetic factors have been linked to its onset, further complications, and clinical outcomes. Scientific research estimates that the heritability of type 2 diabetes is 40 percent if one parent has type 2 diabetes and 70 percent if both parents have type 2 diabetes (as cited in Lin & Sun, 2010). The exact modes of inheritance in type 2 diabetes are currently unknown. Research shows that several ethnic groups have high prevalence of diabetes developed through ...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes shortness of breath, a feeling of tightness in the chest, and persistent cough. There are two primary types of asthma: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic asthma comes about through non-allergic means: cigarette smoke, stress, cold air, cleaning agents – basically anything that does not involve an allergen. Extrinsic asthma, on the other hand, comes about through an allergen such as dander, pollen or others. It leads to a constriction of the airway during an attack, leaving the victim out of breath, unable to take in more air, and with a tight feeling in their chest. In this ...