<instructor’s name> <date submitted>
Introduction
During the 1200s, Islam has proven itself as a dominant religion throughout parts of Asia, Europe and Africa, now collectively known as the Middle East. Islam has encountered numerous challenges to its integrity, particularly from the Roman Catholics through the Holy Crusades, which eventually collapsed during the late 1100s through the Islamic liberation of Jerusalem. The Islamic civilization proved groundbreaking not just in religious affairs, but also in terms of establishing intellectual potency and political strength within all influenced territories. The city of Baghdad, now the capital of present-day Iraq, stood as ...
