Essays on Hydroxide

Question 1: Why is it necessary to use water that is both distilled and at room temperature when doing dilutions?

Answer: It is necessary to use distilled water for dilutions in order to avoid any reactions or alterations caused by the minerals, or any other impurities, present in water that is not distilled. The water should be at room temperature, in combination with being distilled, so that it does not support any side reactions that may be caused by the increased or decreased temperature. Question 2: Outline an experimental procedure (step by step) by which 25.00 mL of 1.00 M HCl can be made from a stock solution of 5.00 M HCl.

Answer: The steps for preparing a 1M HCl from 5M HCl are as follows.

The required solution is prepared by diluting ...

Introduction

The kinetic characteristics are important for the design of chemical engineering processes. They allow assessing the time required for the reaction and choosing the temperature range suitable for the reaction. The reaction path is observed by measurments the transmittance of the Crystal Violet solution that reacts with sodium hydroxide. The concentration, and the color of the solution changes with the reaction flow, and this is measured by the spectrophotometer.

The data are plotted as concentration - time and logarithm concentration time, and the reaction rate is:

Rate = [Crystal Violet] [Sodium Hydroxide]. Using the excess concentration of one of the reagents, the reaction rate with respect to the other reagent is found from logarithmic plot (Rahul & Chakrabarti ...

In manufacturing AA dry batteries cathode, the mixture (manganese dioxide, potassium hydroxide, and carbon black- graphite) is compacted into preforms. Indentation is done to prevent leakage. While the separator is manufactured by, soaking 3A papers and then an electrolyte is inserted to conduct power. The separator is designed from pieces of papers that are put like plywood across each other. It creates a barrier between the cathode and the anode material. The anode is composed of zinc powder mixed with potassium hydroxide that makes the gel thicker. The battery produces electricity due to the seals fixed. A plastic seal ...

What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission? Drug therapy is started for Mrs. J. to control her symptoms. What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications? 1.IV furosemide (Lasix) 2.Enalapril (Vasotec) 3.Metoprolol (Lopressor) 4.IV morphine sulphate (Morphine) Lasix is used to reduce fluid retention that occurs as a side effect of heart failure. It is additionally used to treat hypertension and lessen effect such as the shortness of breath, swelling of limbs and the abdomen. It is used as an IV to treat the immediate consequences of ...

An acid is defined as a chemical substance that is capable of forming an aqueous solution with the ability to turn a blue litmus paper red, have a sour taste and form salts when it reacts with certain metals and bases. A substance will qualify to be an acid if it is capable of increasing the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, or the capability of that substance to be deprotonated, act as a proton donor during reactions. A base is a substance that in aqueous solution feels slippery, has a bitter taste, and is capable of ...

Material Extraction of Dry Battery AA:

A typical alkaline dry AA cell comprises a cylindrical external case, cathode, anode, and electrolyte and separators. The external casing is made from nickel-plated steel and is lined with a separator to divide the anode and cathode. The separator is made of either a porous synthetic material or layered paper. On one end, the battery canister is sealed with an epoxy or asphalt sealant underlying a steel plate and at the other end with a brass rod driven through the cylinder. The rod is welded to a metallic end cap and passed via an outer plastic seal. Inside the ...

Acids

There are three scientifically correct definitions that define an acid substance. Arrhenius defines an acid as a substance that made up of hydrogen that when dissolved in water breaks apart increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the water. Bronsted-Lowry defines an acid as a proton (H+ ion) donor. Lewis describes acids as substances that accept electron pairs. Acids have a sour taste and are highly reactive with metals (Brent, 2009). Nitric acid is used as fertilizers, and hydrochloric acid is used to bricks.

Bases

A basic substance can also be described using definitions from the three authors. Arrhenius ...

There are various ions that are responsible for the acidic or basic nature of a substance. The hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are both responsible for the acidic and basic nature of substance respectively. A neutral substance contains equal number of hydrogen ions (H+) as well as hydroxide ions (OH-) An acid is substance that dissolve and donate hydrogen ions leading to more number of hydrogen ions in a solution. A substance that dissolves water and release hydroxide ions is considered a base. A base has more number of hydroxide ions as compared to hydrogen ions hence basic. Alkalinity ( ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]} All drug delivery systems (DDS) use the nanostructures as drug containers. There are various types of these nanocontainers such as polymeric liposomal nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures, magnetic nanoparticles and polymeric micelles (Singh and Lillard, 2009; Zarogoulidis et al., 2012). The mode of action of these nanostructures on the target site and the molecular proceedings occurring during this process provides a mechanistic foundation for drug discovery against cancerous developments. The several considerable points that an anti-cancer agent should have are targeted delivery to the impacted cells, least activity loss, ...

Sodium

Sodium is an element found in Group I of periodic table according to WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements (n.p), commonly known as the Alkali metals. It is a metal with silver-white color appearance. It is usually found in many different minerals like cryolite, zeolite and amphibole. The most common mineral where it is found is sodium chloride. Sodium is the sixth abundant element in found in earth’s crust. It has an atomic symbol of Na and an atomic number of 11. The atomic mass is 22.98977 and atomic radius is 186pm. Sodium is a very reactive metal. ...

Section

Introduction The purpose of this lab was to find the amount and percentage of nickel present in an unknown compound using the "mole method." The unknown nickel compound was dissolved in water and treated with dimethylglyoxime and ammonia solutions to obtain the precipitate of known chemical composition (bis(dimethylglyoximo)nickel(II)), which then was weighed and using this data the amount and percentage of nickel in the initial compound were found. The insoluble Ni(DMG)2 complex is formed in two steps. First, the dimethylglyoxime reacts with hydroxide ion formed through the ammonia hydrolysis to produce dimethylglyoximate anion: C4H8N2O2( ...