Essays on Imperialism

Born in 1958 in Shanghai China, Wong pursued graphic design at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University prior to enrolling in the training programs provided by the local television station. He started his career as the screenwriter, initially in television, then in the movies, and established his debut as a director with the 1988 film As Tears Go By, in the prime of Hong Kong movies (Yeh 6). The movie, which had a gangster theme, joined genre conventions with the infrequent visual skill, representing the gift of the formal experimentation, which was still evident in the succeeding work—earning him ...

With specific reference to at least three readings given, explain how the early modern period can be understood as an "invention" or "discovery" of the modern age? The early modern period in the world’s history marks significant changes in culture, religion, worldview and people’s perception of themselves in the universe. Symbolically defined as the period between the fall of Constantinople in the late Middle Ages and the onset of the Age of Revolutions in the late eighteenth century, the early modern period is commonly described as the time of invention, the Age of Discovery and the Age ...

Foremost, about the losses that the Westerners caused in countries with which they came into contact, imperialism revolved around perceptions of white supremacy. The possession of white skin became the ticket one needed to guarantee his or her place among the civilized nations while that of any other shade belonged to a lower class. Surprisingly, while signs of the given perceptions were present even when the Portuguese used religion as a cause for exploration and domination of the world in the seventeenth century, it was not until the mid-nineteenth century that the West found conclusive proof. In 1859, Charles ...

At the forefront of the causes of the First World War was the growing sense of Nationalism among the European nations as they reacted to the “fallout” of imperialism abroad and social class conflicts at home (WWI and the Interwar Years, Part 1 3-4mins). In other words, each European power was keen to minimize its counterpart’s influence in the colonized territories and within its borders. Subsequently, one of the effects of World War I was the taint it placed on the presentation of the West as the “height of civilization”; in answer, colonized persons began to question the ...

“Burmese Days” is a powerful and thought-provoking novel written by George Orwell that presents a grim portrait of imperialism and the British Empire. In the book, Orwell neither romanticizes Burma and its people nor idealizes the imperialists. Instead, he depicts bitterness, meanness, corruption, and wickedness. Using his own experience, the author skillfully depicts the cruel circumstances and tragic outcomes in a colonial society that is based on domination and fear and is in the service of the imperialists. The protagonist of the novel, John Flory, vividly demonstrates the dark side of the ruling class, and that the imperialists did ...

While the resulting dominance of European powers over persons in the areas with which they came into contact was acceptable, the effects of global trade on societal norms of Europe were unprecedented. In other words, just as the Triangle Trade influenced Europe’s place in the world, it also affected its interior societal makeup. The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West highlights the three steps that led to the Age of Revolutions: Commercial Revolution, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment (5mins).The Commercial Revolution posed the first threat to European traditions by debunking the ideologies of birthrights as the source ...

Recent Developments in World Trade

Need for Export Markets According to Prime Minister Ferry, industrial France needs outlets or markets to export their products and colonies provide the most effective market for selling French goods. Major French industries such as textiles need more outlets for economic growth. Neighboring countries such as Germany had started to implement trade barriers and the United States had implemented protectionist policies, further increasing the need for new markets for French goods. In addition, the industrialized nations had started to push their products into the French markets. Overall, the markets for French goods were shrinking, both and abroad and colonies ...

Kwame Nkrumah’s “Unite Now or Perish” Speech As a ‘Classic’ Text in International Relations

Introduction In his May 24, 1963, speech at the inauguration of the OAU Conference in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, doctor Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana’s first President, gave a stirring speech with a clarion call “we must unite now or perish.” In his speech, he advocated for a strong Union of Independent African States to form one block of states. Nkrumah was convinced that it was only through unity that African states which were getting themselves slowly off the colonial hook would achieve development or progress. According to him, with such a unity, the continent would be able to stand up ...

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Introduction China is home to the most ancient and enduring human civilization. This civilization flourished for thousands of years and have survived through many succession of rulers and dynasties. The study of China’s civilization is important in order to understand China’s contemporary society. Chinese civilization can be categorized into three broad historical periods: ancient China, Imperial China and modern China. These periods, however, only serves as an imaginary partition in order to identify a certain time in the history of China. But in reality, Chinese civilization is continuous and was never interrupted even through there ...

Answers to the questions

1.Analyze how nationalism and militarism contributed to the outbreak of World War I. Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of World War I, which do you think was the most important and why? 1. It is a well-known fact that World War I was a result of certain decisions taken by the leading figures of five different countries, namely Austria-Hungary, Russia, Britain, France and Germany. The character, structure and sequence of the principal events depended on these great powers and their powerful regimes. When looking at their primary concerns, motivation and agendas, one should ...

Introduction

World War 1 also known as Great War started in the year July 1914 and continued till November 1918 killing more than 17 million people. The war started due to various reasons and there were different events that led to fighting among different European nations. There are debates and discussion about the root cause that led to the war. However , the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie on 28the June 1914 in Sarajevo who were shot dead by Gavrilo Princip was the prime cause of the war (Hamilton & Herwig, 2004).

Imperialism

There were various treaties ...

America and the Great War

Nationalism, imperialism and militarism are considered to be the three major causes to have set the stage for the Great War or the World War I (WWI). Nationalism is a strong association, devotion and loyalty to one’s country. It was not specific to a single country as nationalism was prevalent throughout Europe (Hamilton & Herwig, 2003). During the course of the nineteenth century nationalism became stronger. During this period basic literacy had increased which contributed to nationalism. Imperialism is the second major cause of the WWI. Imperialism refers to a country expanding its power and influence using military or ...

“Ladies and gentlemen, the Modern World History, which is referred to as the modern era, involves approaches given by various countries all over the world towards the time after post-classical age. I agree with the main themes evident in the modern history, which are race, religious faith, and ideology. To begin with, after reviewing the history of race, I found that people lived in inhumane situations due to racism that prevailed throughout the world countries. People lost their traditions and others were evicted forcefully from their native homes. Most native Africans and Americans were forced to live in inhospitable ...

Some of the greatest works of Victorian literature look at English culture in the 1800s through a critical or jaundiced eye; these works then find ways to expose the restrictive, oppressive and isolationist aspects of British culture that were characteristic of the empire at that time. This is particularly true of Bram Stoker’s Gothic novel Dracula, as it looks critically at race through the personification of Dracula as the feared Other from Eastern Europe, seeking to violate the women of England with his exotic sexuality and behavioral taboos. Looking at Dracula through the lens of race, it becomes ...

over the Pacific Ocean in 1943- 1944

Abstract

The development of military and political events during the Second World War, determined by the main position of the Soviet-German front. Progress of World War II operations in the Pacific theater depended on the outcome of huge battles in Europe. The Soviet armed forces their struggle and victories won in 1941-1942., Predetermined the defeat of Hitler Germany and its European vassals, which, in turn, sealed the final defeat of imperialist Japan. The struggle of the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany enabled the United States and Britain to mobilize its human and material ...

Summary Synthesis

In this paper, the author aims “to offer a more compelling understanding of the foundations of new international relations theory” (Vitalis 911). He seeks to do this not merely from the perspectives of historical sociology and international law but also regarding the racial anthropology and racial biology in the American historical context. He argues that there is a problem in the way social and political scientists understand the place of race and how the early scientists of these centuries construed or thought about it. He considers it an error for modern scientists to examine the works of early scientists ...

Throughout the course of modern history, numerous events have revolved around the Middle East, affecting the cultural perspectives of the people living there. For instance, the Russian invasion of Afghanistan and the subsequent political maneuvering by Western/Arab nations spawned decades of bloodshed in the region, destroying both an entire generation of people and the viability of a nation. The creation of Israel in 1948 created a massive power shift in the region, as the Arab nations attempted to retake the territory but were soundly defeated, and again in 1967. The Second World War engulfed the North African Muslim countries, ...

When the history of colonization of Africa is considered it is impossible not to examine it out of the imperialism context. Imperialism lies in extension of political power, which is implemented through obtaining colonies. In the 19th century almost all European countries possessed colonies and competed for conquering more. Africa due to its vast territories, populations and raw materials became a ‘honeypot’ for European competitors. Regarding the driving motivators for colonization of Africa in the second half of the 19th century, Khapoya defines three groups of motives of European countries. One of them is political, connected with domination, extending ...

1.The age of hope The keys to understanding of present and future, as a rule, inextricably linked with the understanding of human past. Imperialism has long been a dominant force in the history of human civilization. Imperialism is inseparable from the colonial policies, the seizure of new territories and the exploitation of indigenous peoples. Someone inclined to regard imperialism as a purely negative phenomenon, but it’s worth noting that it also had some positive effects. At the end of the XVII century Britain and France have entered the group of the most powerful nations. It was the beginning ...

The Mugwumps were a political activist group that emerged in 1884. They were affiliated with republican cluster, but they were known to bolt from the Republican Party and supported Grover Cleveland, a democratic candidate, in the 1884 presidential elections (Oakes 19.2). The term Mugwumps is an Algonquian associated which means an important people or a war leader. Thus, they were an influential group in the society at that moment. The Mugwumps changed party since they were unsatisfied by the financial credibility of the republican candidate at that moment, Oakes. G. Blaine. The Mugwumps made a differential and substantial change ...

Ecological Imperialism in New England

Abstract: In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in “the New World” and marked the beginnings of its extensive colonization. When European settlers arrived in the Americas, they brought with them their cultural values and began to adapt American land to their needs. Those days started ecological imperialism; “wilderness” of the Indian nature was disturbed. European settlers intervened the setting and brought significant changes in flora and fauna as well as the habitual way of living of Native Americans. This paper reveals the long-term consequences of English ecological imperialism in New England and ecological changes brought by European settlers. The main ...

English 1312.04

Carrera-Carrillo, Lore. "“Some of us are learning Spanish and some of us are learning English”: A comparison of second language programs in Texas." Thesis. 2003. Carrera-Carrillo observes how dual language programs are gaining popularity throughout the United States and targeting both the minority language students as well as the majority language students. Studies have revealed that there are many advantages which are associated with the learning of the English language. The native language enables students acquire content with better insight and can relate more to these concepts later in the English language. Not all facilities which have embraced ...

Introduction

It is noteworthy to study about the past labor and political economy of Japan, as its transformation to what it is today is too different from what it was in the past. Japan has successfully reinvented itself, from one that used to be a closed political economy, into a country that is now open to world economic integration. Despite its economic stagnation in the past few years, Japan remains to be one of the world’s greatest powers, and this can be attributed to decades of political and economic choices that fostered its miracle growth. One of the critical ...

Shooting an Elephant- Response Essay

Introduction George Orwell’s -- Shooting an Elephant provides an insight into one day experience of George Orwell as a young British policeman working for Indian Imperial Police in Burma. I was interested in Orwell’s work as it provides a look into the moral conscience of an individual deciding to either kill an elephant or let it live. The story makes me think how taking a life can be emotionally challenging for an individual, even though it can be legal and part of your job. After discovering that an elephant had gone must and finding the elephant in ...

Did the United States act as an imperial power in the Philippines?

Imperialism

Imperialism is an act of extending dominion and power, through direct territorial acquisition or rather gaining economic and political control of other areas rather than your own. It often involves the use of power either in the form of military or subtle (Imperialism 101 2). Imperialism is considered morally reprehensive, and it is used in the international propaganda to deplore or dishonor foreign policy of a challenger. Historically this form of governance was employed in China, in western Asia and Mediterranean, in the unending empire successions (The ...

The modern world is changing up so quickly, and getting connected with a really crucial speed. One of such sufficient processes is globalization. Globalization in simple terms is usually known as the process during which the world is transformed into a single unified system. At the end of the last century, globalization has become a hot topic for debates all around the world and it has not yet stopped. However, globalization is not a new process, since it implies the integration of the economic, cultural, political and religious spheres. Today globalization caused both positive and negative consequences and this ...

The opium war which took place in the 19th century was one of the first major defeats of the Chinese government. China had a tremendous amount of wealth which was mostly attributed to the tea trade in the country. Britain had a great demand for this tea, while the country had nothing to offer the Chinese government in return. China was also ignorant to the western revolution and considered the western culture barbaric. China was a traditional country which held strongly to its traditions and culture. While China hoped to keep its culture free of the western culture effect, ...

Ideology in Allen Ginsberg’s “America” and “Sunflower Sutra”

Ideology is a very important topic as it relates to literature. Literature is one of the primary methods in which people that perhaps are not within the mainstream of culture, politics and society employ to question hegemonic power structures. Dominant power structures are often posed primarily as the synthesis of modernity, objective reality, logocentrism, patriarchy, white supremacy and capitalism, which are often cited in shorthand as “imperialism.” The United States, after the Second World War the period in which Allen Ginsberg and the other beat generation writers were most active was arguably the point in world history in which ...

The novella, Heart of Darkness is, in the literature world, considered one of the greatest cultural literary works of the 19th century. Conrad takes us through the experiences of the European colonialists in the heart of Africa. The clash of the European and non-European customs form the basis of Conrad's writings. The book has garnered a lot of criticism from African scholars who argue that the book negatively targets the African nation and the African people. The book, according to Chinua Achebe is a mockery of the African people. It ridicules the customs of the native Africans, terming Africa ...

Undoubtedly, Joseph Conrad's creativity can be considered unique and quite rare. This rarity and uniqueness are due to the very origin of the author, whose real name was Józef Korzeniowski (Kolocotroni 154). This had a very difficult and long way to go before he gained experience in understanding the world, people, and society. Not being a native English speaker, Conrad wrote the short story Heart of Darkness, which perpetuated his name in the history of the world literature. This novella affects a number of problems of a different nature and direction. The most predominant of such problems became ...

The film, ‘Apocalypse Now' is a 1979 American movie, which bases its settings In the Vietnam War. The film draws its plot and characters from the book Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, an explorer of the Congo, who puts down his experiences in the heart of Africa. The film and the novel both emphasize on the native savages depicting the latter as objects rather than human beings whose character deserve an exploration just like other characters. This essay reviews the ‘Apocalypse Now' film based on the differences and similarities between the film and the novel on which it ...

The United States has encountered controversial and turbulent eras in its history. Some of those periods that will be the focus of this essay are the Age of Imperialism and Reconstruction. For a vivid analysis of the specific events that took place in the eras, this paper will look at Alexander Stephens’s take on Reconstruction as well as President Wilson message of War during the Age of Imperialism. Alexander Stephens played the role of the Vice President during the life-changing event of Civil War the nation that led to up rise of the African Americans’ claim for equality. ...

Identify what you want to write about and explain why you want to write about it.

I want to explore Tsiti Dangarembga’s book Nervous Conditions as it relates to how it explains the built-in power structures in imperialism as well as traditional patriarchal society. Postcolonial and gender theory are both very useful lenses which writers can use to think about major literary works. This emphasis on critical theory as a way of explaining the meaning of Nervous Conditions is interesting and a very important part of what this paper will be about

Core work you will write about: Nervous Conditions (Dangarembga)

Supplemental works you will write about: Critical Theory Today A User Friendly Guide (Tyson) Introduction to Nervous Conditions(Appiah) Thesis Statement (This ...

A work like Pearl S Buck’s The Good Earth is by its very nature orientalist in the Saidian sense Because it was created within the structures of Orientalism as both a genre and as an epistemological category. Buck was born the child of an American missionary in China and spent much of her formative years there. Buck’s early life and experiences as an American and the child of a missionary informed her preconceptions of China, its people, society, and culture. Orientalism in this sense isn’t just a literary genre: an orientalist work is not just, a ...

The Dutch East Indies, today known as Indonesia, has through the history seen different colonizers that governed the country in different periods of time. There were and still are different perceptions of the different colonizing countries among Indonesians. The Netherlands and Japan are one of the most important countries that impacted the country’s nation building. The paper will answer the research question in what ways were the Japanese different than the Dutch regarding nation-building in the Dutch East Indies. There were some similarities and a lot of differences in governance. The historical context played a vital role in ...

Imperial, Dominant, and Hegemonic Feminism

<Tutor> <Department> Imperial, Dominant, and Hegemonic Feminism

Introduction

The term feminism emerged in the contemporary socio-political discourse as an important movement encompassing ideological frameworks that seeks to establish and define a common goal to achieve equal footing in the political, personal, and economic sector. Since the emergence of the feminist movement, several notions of feminism was developed to create a greater understanding of its role in establishing equal rights and opportunities of women. In this discussion, the different notions of feminism will be explored by highlighting the concepts of each theoretical model. The discussion includes definitions of imperial, ...

Within each society, people build relationships that foster growth and development as people interact with each other. The relationships vary according to the work and social standards of the specific society. In other words, most people in a particular society will work together to develop a common idea that will help to bind people together as a community. Within these societies, there are those simple or common guiding principles that are practiced for extended periods and become an integral part of the culture and the traditions of the society. But, not all consensuses within the society will guarantee the ...

Question 1; why was Europe such a dominant influence on the world in the 19th century?

Within the nineteenth century, Europe was considered a global powerhouse especially in the economic perspective. The production prowess and efficiency of the continent was above all the rest. There are different reasons attributed to the European dominance within the 19th century. One of the reasons was its powerful connection between market incentives and technology, which enabled it uncover the prospect of coal energy. Secondly, there emerged different developments in physics, medicine and even science, which offered immeasurable contributions to the population growth within Europe. The growth in population directly and indirectly improved the economic developments therefore reinforcing the continent’ ...

“A man's life was a series of transition rites which brought him nearer to his ancestors” (Achebe 122). – One of the impacts of colonization is the disappearance of cultural or traditional practices. This quote shows how a life of an individual is related to his or her culture or origin. “Behind them was the big and ancient silk-cotton tree which was sacred. Spirits of good children lived in that tree waiting to be born. On ordinary days young women who desired children came to sit under the shade” (Achebe 46). – This quote illustrates the richness of the culture of ...

Introduction

The Berlin Conference of 1884 to 1885 which is also referred to as the Congo Conference signified a powerful role in the regulation of European colonization as well as free trade in parts of Africa during the period of neo-imperialism. One of the outward goals of the conference was to implement regulations on the rampant colonization of Africa in order to prevent the military conflict between the colonizing states. It is to be noted that colonial powers went into what historians coined as the ‘Scramble for Africa’, where they decided to invade, occupy, divide and colonize the different parts ...

Two Arguments on Homophobia

Introduction The discrimination of individuals who identify as homosexual or are thought to be gay is a common occurrence across the globe. Cities, boroughs and states have passed legislation that outlaws homosexuality. Negative attitudes towards homosexual people usually lead to hostility that come in verbal and physical attacks which sometimes result in death. Homophobia or the fear of individuals who are gay has been associated with religious and cultural beliefs, general ignorance about sexuality and the need to make homosexuality a tool for political gain. Using the case of Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Bill, this paper explores the causes of ...

Introduction

Contemporary academic analysis is concentrated on the issue of states’ emergence. The former is analyzed in different social, political, and economic contexts. Such state of affairs can be explained from the practical point of view, meaning nowadays there are many players at the international level which have recently appeared. However, in order to understand the nature of the aforementioned processes, the historical analysis is thought to be of great importance, since lots of contemporary phenomena took place in the previous centuries. Thus, in this paper, the correlation between the Sykes-Picot agreement, formation of the Palestinian identity, and creation of ...

Sovereign Statehood Is A Modern Fiction That Has Been Universalized Through Imperialism And Decolonization. Critically Analyze This Statement Using Examples From More Than One Part Of The World

Introduction

Sovereignty in international relations is a concept that indicates that a state is constitutionally independent. In politics, a state is considered sovereign if it exists in a legal, absolute, and unitary condition where the state is equal to other states in international law and is not answerable to any other foreign state (Biersteker and Weber, 1996). A sovereign state has clearly defined borders within which people reside and the government of ...

Culture in the Study of International Relations and Practice

Culture can be broadly defined as the full range of the learned human behavioral patterns. Cultures often vary across different geographical regions and may be affected by the ethnicity of the practitioners. However, cultures are dynamic and adapt to the changing world and the situations they are presented. Over the last century and even more over the last few decades, globalization and the resulting international relations have led to linkage and interactions of cultures across the world. In turn, the world cultures have played a significant role in determining the nature and major aspect of international relations, especially in ...

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Promising for the future is an endeavor set for at least unqualified disappointments. The factors involved in the dynamics of reality cannot be totally controlled, oftentimes have their own lives or evolutionary stages to follow, to conform to someone’s idea of how things should be. The idea of ‘should be’ is a visionary’s dream and a realist’s joke. The promise of imperialism in Conrad’s time and perspective as J. Hillis Miller understood it can either be a contrived promise from the imperialist power to deceive the dominated people into ...

The western intervention into the Middle East is one that has been seen to cause an unending debate of whether the move is of great help to the region or a source of problems. Many will agree with the statement that western intervention, or westernization for that manner, though showing countless evidences of force and spite, has in its process brought many positive changes and been hugely beneficial in a manner that without it, the Middle East would never have been where it is today. However, there are many who still have the belief that the countries would have ...

Throughout the book ““Cartoon Cultures: The Globalization of Japanese Popular Media”, Anne Cooper-Chen explains how and why Japanese cartoons have been prosperous at a time when Disney cartoons have spread all over the world. It indicates that some salient features of the Japanese culture makes its cartoon resilient in the presence of stiff competition. This paper uses cultural diversity that closely relates to proximity with specific examples and personal views to illustrate the global adaptation and popularity of Japanese cartoons. One of the questions about Japanese cartoons is whether their global popularity is because of its exoticism to people ...

Imperialism is the economic relationship between two states commonly based on unequal rights and a class system. The dominating nation in the relationship often uses its economic power to oppress the people of the less dominant power thus leading to the collapse of the economy and the existing social structures. Despite the fact that imperialism brought nothing but fame and wealth to the colonial masters, some advancements like industrialization and technological advancements brought changes in some of the colonies as in the case of India during the British Raj regime. British imperialism advanced after seven years of war that ...

U.S. and the Middle-East Conflict Amid bouts of political and economic instabilities brought about by unending chaos and internal conflicts in the Middle-East particularly between Israel and Palestine, most political scientists argue that the US is largely to blame. For instance, according to Admin (6), the engagement or intervention of the US in the ongoing Israeli-Palestine war is viewed by many as being skewed towards Israel as a key American Ally since the end of the WWII. Moreover, the “Israel First” approach adopted by President George Bush helped to fuel the chaos due to what were seen by Arab ...

For a long time, there have existed two opposing views in the study of moral and ethical norms of society. The first position can be defined as moral universalism. Proponents of this position believe that the entire international community, and each person separately, can be subjected to a uniform system of values ​​and laws. The second position is represented by moral relativism, the essence of which is the opposite view to the regulation of society. Moral relativism denies the existence of a common moral law for all people, arguing that there are many different cultures and each of them ...

Post-Classical History

Some of the terminologies that explain the post-classical world include the post-ancient era, the pre-modern era or the post-antiquity era. The post-classical is the immediate period after the classical world and the period preceding the modern history. The classical period happened in two time periods depending on the different continents in the world. The time periods include the years between 200-500 and the year’s between1200-1500. In this era, Han, Rome, and Gupta experienced the spread of the major religions of the world. It is during this period that Buddhism and Christianity spread while the Islam religion emerged. Religions ...

Q2.Mustafa Kemal’s on the abolition of a caliphate and Hassan Al-Banna’s text “towards the light text” on political life. Mustafa Kemal and Hassan Al-Banna are two important figures in the history of the Arab world in terms of their influence to nationalism and the current state of their nations. To begin with, Mustafa Kemal was an author with a liberal mind that made his works and line of thought free from the influences of the situation at the time where people had limited line of thought owing to the forms of leadership and religion. While he did ...

Deng Xiaoping on the Anti-rightist Campaign of 1957

As the secretary general of the CCP in 1957, Deng Xiaoping supported the advocacy of Mao Zedong towards the Anti-Rightist Movement. It was through Deng’s leadership that anti-rightist movements were implemented (Deng, 408). In his report as the secretary general, he pointed out that the emergence of the difficulties within the Party was rooted from social and ideological causes: a) First, a large number of the Party members do not belong from the working class; b) there was the rapid growth of the Party, but quality was neglected which resulted from the ideological and political acts to lag ...

The May Fourth Movement and Chinese Literature

China has a long and rich history that stretches over several centuries. Part of that history, naturally, is a rich cultural history that includes a fine literary tradition. Unfortunately, most of that literary tradition is not well known to the West. Modern Chinese literature, that which is popular in the Western world, developed as a result of the cultural revolution that began with the May Fourth Movement. The May Fourth Movement was part of a cultural and political revolution in China that led to the birth of a new intellectual class in China as well as an opening up ...

Introduction

Resource curse has been one of the most debated economic issues for the past four to five decades. Indeed, it refers to a theoretical approach that connects certain indicators of a country’s economic growth to its reliance on natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals. According to a general belief (termed as ‘resource curse’), the countries that are rich in natural and non-renewable resource are characterized by lower levels of democracy, economic growth, and development as compared to the countries with less or no reliance on these resources (Sachs, and Wartner, 2001). On the basis of the ...

Identification Questions

3.2 Party of the Institutionalized Revolution The Party of the Institutionalized Revolution was a political party in Mexico that was created by Plutarco Elias Calles in 1929. It lasted for 71 years in power in the country, and was the largest political party in Mexico at the time. The party leans toward socialism but has been grouped together with other socialist-democratic government parties. The PIR is historically significant because of its different take on the idea of revolution and the government. Every revolution in history has been based on the idea of breaking down institutions and tearing apart the ...

New imperialism occurred in the late nineteenth century primarily because industrialization had allowed the major powers to develop technologies and weaponry that could be used to further their superiority. At the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, it was declared that occupation of a colony would determine recognition of a country’s claim there, and this introduced a scramble for territories, particularly in Africa. The justification for new imperialism was mainly based on humanitarianism; the powers believed that they had a responsibility to civilize the people in their colonies, particularly the African tribes. The consequence of new imperialism was the increase ...

Introduction

Decolonization happened as a response to independence movements in various colonized countries. Todd Shepard, in his book, Voices of Decolonization, explores why and how mid-twentieth century process of decolonization changed societies as well as cultures in a way that shaped today’s world. Shepard explores decolonization as an aspirational movement as well as a historical era. He provides a rich collection of primary sources to highlight the voices of the colonizers and colonized in Africa, Asia and other parts of the world. The documents he provides reveal why and how formal decolonization, became quickly inevitable to the imperialists. From ...

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[Date Month Year] Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness (1898)

INTRODUCTION

Even his vilest critics cannot but respect the literary accomplishments of Joseph Conrad and his great work Heart of Darkness, which was published in 1898. Chinua Achebe, for instance, in her article “An Image of Africa” claimed that Heart of Darkness may as well be considered as one of those fortunate works of literature that must be considered as “permanent literature” (251). It has established a large collection of secondary literature revolving around the elements in the fictional narrative in the forms of essays and books, ...

Colonization is the process whereby one powerful country invades and takes control of another foreign territory. The occupying country, then subjects the inhabitants of the captured territory and places them under its dominion. They can as well get treated as slaves working under very tough conditions with limited or no pay at all. The colonizers on the other hand freely utilize and extract resources with no restriction.

The German empire

In the late 19th century Germany was a growing industrial and economic power. By that time, they had made massive gains in their processing and manufacturing industries. As a result, the country’ ...