Essays on Incontinence

For elderly hospitalized patients (P), does the adoption of hourly rounding for nurses (I) as compared to daily baths with chlorhexidine gluconate (O) reduce the rate of incontinence-associated pressure ulcers (O) over a six month program (T)? The cases of pressure ulcers among the elderly population within the inpatient settings or homecare settings tend to be higher than those in other inpatient or similar settings. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the elderly population has other health issues that affect their functionality and these could range from physical to cognitive issues. On one hand, the physical ...

Chapter I: Introduction

In the United States, Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy after lung cancer in men with an incident of 126 per 100,000 people. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reported that the number of new cases of men diagnosed with PCa by 2016 will be an approximately 180,890 cases. PCa is still considered as the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Also, the ACS added that the estimation for death will occur from PCa is 26,120 deaths in 2016. Today, many studies stated that mortality rate is gradually decreasing compared with the ...

The ICD-10 code for stress incontinence associated with pelvic floor weakness and muscle incoordination in female is N39.3. The CPT (ICD-9) code for stress incontinence in female is 625.6. ("The Web's Free ICD-9-CM & ICD-10-CM Medical Coding Reference", 2016; "CPT Procedure Codes - Medical Procedure Codes", 2016) The 41 years old female complained urine leakage while coughing, laughing and when lifting heavy objects. She also experiences bladder leakage when lifting her 1-year-old child. The patient smokes and drinks alcohol occasionally. Review of the coding system to support the claim: First, I searched for the topic on ‘Pelvic muscle weakness’ in ...

In order for proper implementation of the project, study participants, volunteers, and public representatives would have to be identified and recruited. The purpose of recruiting representatives/volunteers are to educate and promote the concept and importance of treatment and prevention of IAD among elderly women in acute care settings. The education and training of these volunteers should be kept as priority before the commencement of the project and the recruitment of study participants. The volunteers would also act as a mediator between the study team and the scientific committee involved in the conduct of the study. Each volunteer and representative ...

Obstetrics and Gynecology

The Genitourinary system consists of the urinary tract and reproductive organs. Diseases that affect this system are a variety of conditions that can affect people of all ages. Urologic diseases affect specific organs in males and in females – the urinary tract in females and urinary tract or reproductive organs in males (O'Connell, 2016). Some of the most common diseases include Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Urinary Incontinence and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). UTI basically occurs when bacteria invades the urinary system and infects any part of the system although the bladder and urethra are the most commonly affected parts. Women ...

Healthcare professionals are responsible for not only facilitating recovery of a patient from health issues, but also preventing injuries to the patient during and after care. Despite the immense efforts by stakeholders in health to ensure safety of the patients under care, zero cases have not yet been achieved, as sentinel events are still a major challenge to patients and the healthcare industry. Park-Lee and Caffrey (2009) estimates that 9.2% of all people admitted in hospital acquire one or more nosocomial infections. The Joint Commission (2015) defines a sentinel event as an unexpected situation that leads to the physical ...

Wound/ostomy and continence nurses, expressed in initials as WOC nurses, is a specialty in nursing that confers nurses with special skills in wound care, focusing on patients with bowel control problems and skin problems (Westra et al., 2013). The contribution that the WOC nurses bring into the healthcare industry is immeasurable, not to mention to the particular health facilities that employ such nurses. Cleveland Clinic is one of the leading healthcare providers in Cleveland, Ohio. The clinic is a multispecialty, which implies that it provides a range of healthcare services to its patients, including wound care and incontinence services ( ...

A fall is defined as “an unexpected event in which the participant comes to rest on the ground, floor, or lower level, not as a result of a major intrinsic event” (Currie, 2008, p.3). Falls are the top cause of injuries sustained by older adults. In nursing homes, it is estimated that between 100 and 200 falls occur each year with about 25% of cases needing medical treatment such as for wounds and fractures (Gallagher, 2011). Falls are largely preventable and create an unnecessary increase in the cost of health care.

Moreover, value-based purchasing entitles nursing homes to incentives based ...

My patient is a seventy five year old African American man with Geriatric condition. Geriatric is a condition that affects elderly people. The medication administered to such individuals is called Geriatric medicine. It is also called family medicine or internal medicine. This medicine helps to promote the prevention of disabilities and diseases in older adults (Kagan, 2010). The physician who administers geriatric medicine to the patient is called a geriatric physician or a geriatrician. In other words, Geriatrics is the ‘care of elderly or aged individuals’.

As said above, my patient is a seventy-five old African American male. His name is Caleb Rama. ...

Introduction

The role of Nurse Practitioners has expanded extensively over the past few decades. This has been necessitated by a number of factors ranging from the need to cover the apparent nurse shortage, the reforms in the healthcare sector and the increasing number of Nursing Practitioners which has immensely led to massive power and influence by professional bodies that represent Nurse Practitioners. With the primary need to help overcome the apparent challenges in the healthcare sector especially with the increasing population of patients, as well as the increasing demands for quality of care and new models such as the holistic care ...

Reducing CAUTI through the Houdini Protocol

A. Identification of the Clinical Issue Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is defined as “a urinary tract infection in a patient who had an indwelling urinary catheter in place at the time of or within 48 hours prior to infection onset” (Amalaradjov & Venkitanarayanan, 2013, p. 357). CAUTI is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) second only to surgical site infections. The most important risk factor to CAUTI is prolonged catheterization. CAUTI is a clinical issue that applies to nursing in the medical-surgical unit as many patients in this setting are catheterized for indications such as surgery, urinary retention, ...

Background

Nurse practitioners are an essential part of the health care team because of their training regarding diagnosis, order and interpretation of medical images and other diagnostic tests. Nurse practitioners are also qualified to prescribe medication and other therapeutic measures and to perform specific medical procedures (Donald, Martin-Misener, Carter, Donald, Kaasalainen, Wickson-Griffiths et al., 2013). Despite this variety of functions, nurse practitioners tend to have more time an a special set of skills available to better take care of patients, when compared to General Practitioners (Albers-Heitner, Lagro-Janssen, Joore, Berghmans, Nieman, Venema et al., 2011). Plus, some evidence indicates that, interventions led ...

In order to provide the best service to patients, effective and high-quality health systems include a wide variety of professionals. Regardless of the health condition, each patient should be integrally treated with the help of a multidisciplinary team that includes not only medical doctors, but also nurse practitioners. Even if every member of the team –including doctors and nurses- is essential, it is always in the best interest of the health system and patient care to evaluate how effective are professionals regarding others. Effectiveness could be defined as the degree to which something successfully produces the desired results (Stevenson, 2010). Some ...

Managing Environmental Issues Simulation

Managing Environmental Issues Simulation Colney and Pitts is a California based pharmaceutical company generating annual sales of $50 million. It is the chief producer in America of herbal remedies for prostate illnesses like prostate cancer, prostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, incontinence, dysuria, polyuria and nycturia. The company has learned that the Pygeum or Prunus Africana can be found in Aberdares mountain ranges in eastern highlands of Kenya. With this information, the company wants to build a manufacturing plant near the mountain ranges. It has been known that the Pygeum or Prunus Africana can be used as an alternative medicine for ...

Introduction

Evidence base practice is crucial in the health care of the patient. In fact, establishing the quality of care depend totality on evidence. To insure the important of evidence in practice, many studies have been done over the years. The research done in these studies gave the world a view about the importance of evidence based practice. Globally, it should be used as a standard in care given to patients. From this point, each nurse should be aware of how to link between traditionally practiced medicine and evidence based medicine. Evidence base practice (EBP) has been established since the 1900s. ...

Abstract

Urinary tract infections, abbreviated as UTIs, are bacterial infections that are very common in people who reside in the nursing home of South Florida. Recurrence of UTIs in the nursing homes is very common, and 50% of women or men experience recurrence of the infection within six weeks therapy time. It becomes challenging to diagnose the UTIs in nursing homes because residents do not present genitourinary symptoms. The administration of antibiotics enhances occurrence re-infection with the organisms that are resistant and adverse effect of drugs. More research is significant on diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection among the ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Midlife, or the age between 35 and 55, can be a complicated time for a woman. As a female enters these years, sometimes it can be difficult to navigate the waters because the things that once made her happy are no longer available, or as satisfying. This can be confusing. Other things that she never enjoyed before may be cast in a new light, and be even more enjoyable than the female ever thought possible. There may be complicated feelings about life satisfaction, which can lead to new discoveries or depression. The female may attempt sexual exploration as her body continues to mature, ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) or dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) is one of the most common pathologies of the central nervous system and psyche. It usually affects persons in the old age and today an estimated of 500,000 Canadians suffer from Alzheimer’s or related dementia, over 70,000 being under 65 and 50,000 under 60. Neurodegenerative process is accompanied by progressive loss of memory and cognitive abilities decline. AD inevitably leads to death of the patient, and there are still no drugs to prevent or cure this disease. Incidence increases parallel with an increase in life expectancy. ...

- Background Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine or fasces and may be transient or chronic. It is crucial to note that more than 90% of patients with incontinence, who are admitted in hospitals including the elderly, develop a for skin breakdown (Fung, 2007, 447). The skin is an important organ in our body because it prevents the human body against external factors. The urinary or fecal incontinence is a risk factor for breaking down the skin, which hinders it from playing its role. It is crucial to note that there are several factors such as age that hinder ...

Dante’s Inferno is replete with symbolism. Inferno is a comprehensive, overarching allegory and Dante uses symbols throughout to explore the different themes such as violence, fraud, evil, God’s justice, immortality and more. Some of the symbols that Dante employs are simple and easy to understand such as the beast Geryon (with the head of a man and the body of a serpent, it symbolizes deceit) while others involve biblical and other classical references (the fall of Satan). Divine Comedy on the whole symbolizes the spiritual quest of man. Dante also uses symbols as an allusion to the sins that men ...

Abstract

Neural tube defects are a common occurrence in many pregnancies. Some of them have fairly minimal consequences and in fact, many children born with these defects lead normal lives. Spina bifida is one of these defects and is indeed one of the most common. The defect emanates from the failure of the neural tube to close properly leaving an opening. This paper aims to look at this defect from several perspectives including a brief description of the disorder, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, the usual age of onset and relevant ethnic and cultural risk information. The paper will also look at the genetic ...

Aristotle considers ethical theory as a field different from the theoretical sciences. Friendship is of profound importance for human life as well as of pronounced significance for the moral life. The reason behind why we study ethics is to improve our lives and the principal concern the kind of human well-being. Aristotle follows Plato and Socrates in taking the qualities to be a central of a well-lived life. Aristotle began by introducing the notion that helps to understand the phenomenon of friendship. He begins by defining a friend as a person who likes or loves another individual for the sake of that other person’ ...

Spina bifida is a birth defect involving the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its coverings. Normally, it occurs towards the end of the first pregnancy a time when both sides of the embryo’s spine do not succeed to join together thereby resulting in an open area. There are also cases when the other membranes or the spinal cord may push through this opening in the back. This condition however is detectable before the baby is born and it can be treated right away. It is the most common of a group of defects known as neural tube defects which ...

Questions and answers

- Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis involves formation of lesions in the central nervous system, destruction of myelin sheaths and inflammation. These features get to interact in a complex manner and finally lead to breaking down of the nerve tissue causing the signs and symptoms characteristic of multiple sclerosis. The white matter is the part of the nervous system mostly affected. The tissues affected include the brainstem, the optic nerve, the basal ganglia, and the spinal cord. The white matter carries signals between the grey matter and the other body parts. Lesions in the optic nerve causes vision changes, ataxia ...

Introduction

Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine from the bladder (Keilman, 2010). The International Continence Society (ICS) defines the condition as a complaint of involuntary leakage of urine (Abrams, 2002). The involuntary leakage may range from just a few drops to total emptying of the bladder. It can severely, adversely affect a person’s quality of life (QoL) (McCarthy, 2009).

Prevalence and Impact of UI

UI is a debilitating condition and can be quite distressful. The condition becomes more prevalent as the population ages; therefore, extremely common among the elderly (Abrams, 2002). UI is also twice more common in women than in men and has a prevalence ...

Questions administered to the Spencer family in whole family assessment

- How does the family manage to control health related issues and as such as does the family have a tradition of taking medication wholly after prescription? - Which measures does the family put in place to improve their overall health such as avoiding unhealthy foods as a family or discouraging smoking in the family members or around the family living spaces.

Nutrition and Metabolism

- How often does the family have meal, and is the fluid intake of all the family members normal? - Is there any member of the family who is suffering from oral cavity infection

Elimination

- How often ...

CLC Assignment: Home Visit with Sallie Mae Fisher CLC Assignment: Home Visit with Sallie Mae Fisher

Part A: Home Visit Essay

Introduction Sallie Mae Fisher, 82 had been discharged after three day hospitalization to treat increases dyspnea, weight gain and angina. She has a history of congestive health failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation and hypertension. She is windowed and lives alone with limited family support since her daughter has a full time job and personal family problems. A home visit is conducted after her discharge to evaluate her status. In this essay, the identified problems are prioritized and rational interventions discussed to ensure that Ms. ...

In Inferno by Dante, the circles of Hell are depicted as different areas where people who have committed specific sins are doomed to rest. The second through fifth circles are the resting places for sins of incontinence; these are sins without malice. These are a unique category distinct from the other sins, and they all have very distinct similarities - the most prominent of these are the fact that they all involve the individual valuing something earthly above God, and therefore meriting punishment. The sinners LOVE the things that they do, and that is their downfall, since they cannot escape ...

Citation

Lee, C.Y, Chen, L.K, Lo, Y.K, Liang, C.K, Chou, M.Y, Lo, C.C, Huang. C.T, Lin, Y.T. (2011) Urinary incontinence: an under-recognized risk factor for falls among elderly dementia patients. Neurourol Urodyn. Sep;30(7):1286-90. Article Summary “Urinary incontinence: an under-recognized risk factor for falls among elderly dementia patients” is a research article by Lee et al, which addresses the issue of urinary incontinence among the elderly, and its cormobid risk factor of falls among elderly dementia patients (Lee et al, 2011). According to the article, urinary incontinence is a very common condition among the elderly patients and it ...

In Inferno by Dante, there is a great deal of symbolism due to the allegorical nature of the work. In this poem, man’s relationship between good and evil, Heaven and Hell, and more are explored with symbolic representations of man’s own iniquities. The circles of Hell are depicted as different areas where people who have committed specific sins are doomed to rest. The second through fifth circles are the resting places for sins of incontinence; these are sins without malice. These are a unique category distinct from the other sins, and they all have very distinct similarities - the ...

Lesson 2.1

- What are the red flags of back pain that must be considered in the management of any patient?

The red flag symptom is pain. The details are antecedents of minor or major pain, MVA occurrence or heavy lifting (Bigos et al. 1994; Jackson & Browning, 2005; Chou et al., 2007; Leerar et al., 2007). The red flag symptom is chronological age. There is an augmented hazard of cancer resulting from aortic aneurysm (Bigos et al. 1994; Jackson & Browning, 2005; Chou et al., 2007; Leerar et al., 2007). The red flag is antecedents of cancer. There is the possibility of ...

Introduction

Evidence based care (EBC) is a recent development in nursing practice meant to improve the quality of care offered. Under EBC, nurses base clinical decisions on evidence drawn from scientifically rigorous studies. EBC promotes positive outcomes. For nurses to identify and apply relevant information in clinical practice, they must understand the structural and functional relationship between data, information, knowledge and wisdom. When nurses conduct a search for evidence, they get data on the efficacy, safety or tolerability of various nursing interventions. Synthesizing this data gives information which can be applied in clinical practice. Knowledge is achieved through consistent use of application ...

Identifying Researchable Problem: Falls and Incontinence

Nursing practice has evolved a lot in the past century to meet the changing health care need s of the world’s population. One of the most significant changes has been the rise of Evidence Based Practice (EBP). EBP is the tendency to used evidence drawn from scientifically rigorous studies to make decisions on patient care. For instance, nursing practice code and hospital regulations require nurses to maintain hygiene in the hands to prevent the spread of hospital acquired infections and promote wellbeing in patients. Hygiene can be maintained through rubbing hands with alcohol wipes which are antiseptic or washing ...

Introduction

Nurses are responsible for the delivery of safe, effective, efficient, timely and patient centered health care services. The first step in delivering health care services is identifying the actual health problems a patient has and potential health care complication the patient will likely have based on the patients health history and the current conditions. In this report, nursing problems are stated for the case of a geriatric patient recovering from a TURP operation. Possible interventions to arrest the identified problems and evaluation of their effectiveness in keeping with the clinical reasoning model are evaluated. TURP is commonly used to benign prostatic ...

In Inferno by Dante, the circles of Hell are depicted as different areas where people who have committed specific sins are doomed to rest. The second through fifth circles are the resting places for sins of incontinence; these are sins without malice. These are a unique category distinct from the other sins, and they all have very distinct similarities - the most prominent of these are the fact that they all involve the individual valuing something earthly above God, and therefore meriting punishment. The sinners LOVE the things that they do, and that is their downfall, since they cannot escape ...

1. Define your question using PICO: Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.

Patient/Problem: Children and young people under 19 years old who have nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting). Sub group to include patients with Special needs (learning disabilities, emotional and ADHD)

Intervention: Parent’s choice bed wetting Alarm alone (body worn, bed, vibrating, wireless, voice recorded, multi-tone, bell and pad)

Comparison: Choice compared to clinician’s choice: Treatment with medication desmopressin an ant diuretic hormone or arginine vasopressin Outcome: Reduction/change in number of wet nights, Dry for 14 consecutive nights, Dry for 6 consecutive months (continuing success), Dry for 2 consecutive ...