Essays on Individualism

One of the main advantages of literature lies in its ability to communicate various cultural experiences and provide greater knowledge and deeper understanding of foreign traditions for the reader. In the Western civilization, Eastern religious traditions and cultures informed by them are perceived with interest, fascination and even fear; while lack of understanding can often impair successful interaction and communication. In addressing the issue of religious values, the authors of two books, Confucius Lives Next Door: What Living in the East Teaches Us about Living in the West and Children of Dust: A Portrait of a Muslim as a ...

The three countries chosen for this paper are Jordan, Japan, and Germany. These three countries were chosen because they are among the most developed in their own specific regions. Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions helped establish a positive framework for cross-cultural communications; in fact, part of his theories are implemented in every major international business course in the world. Hofstede’s model is based on six dimensions: the power-distance index, individualism vs collectivism, the uncertainty avoidance index, masculinity vs femininity, long-term orientation vs short-term orientation, and indulgence vs restraint. Each country and each culture has very different levels of ...

Contrasting Two Cultures with a Model of Culture

The model of culture to be used in this part of the paper is Professor Geert Hofstede’s Model of National Cultures. Professor Hofstede is famous for his study wherein he looked at how values in the workplace are influenced by particular cultures. He was a consultant working with IBM in the 1970s and 1980s, and thus he was able to observe various workplace cultures around the world (Geert Hofstede: National Culture). Originally, he came up with four dimensions of culture along which behaviors could be linked and thereafter analyzed. The original dimensions are Individualism-Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance ( ...

Analysis and Recommendation of Nimble Storage

Analysis and Recommendation of Nimble Storage

Political Nimble Storage is a registered in the U.S., and it is directly affected by the political factors in the country. The U.S. has a strong democratic system, and it is governed by the rule of law with elections being considered as fair and transparent. The USA has massive political influence in international affairs and is regarded as a superpower because of its leadership in the economy, military, and technology (PESTLE Analysi, 2014). Nonetheless, other countries criticize it for its approach to the “War on Terror,” and this has affected its relations with ...

Energy has played an important role in building the world economy today. From enabling man to perform daily activities to enhancing the functioning of many industries, it is sensible to state that energy is of great importance to the world. Due to its importance, fossil fuels such as coal have thus been burnt down to create energy. However, different negative effects are associated with burning such fuels to the environment. For instance, global warming gasses are emitted thus, causing global warming as a result of carbon monoxide, which is emitted while burning coal. Despite their disparities, both developed and ...

Introduction

Industrialization refers to the sustained structural transformation of a traditional agrarian society to a modern economy driven by high productivity in manufacturing society (Szirmai, Naudé and Alcorta, 2013). Industrialization started in the mid-eighteenth century in Britain and then spread to other European countries and the USA in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, Japan, Singapore, Korea, China, and other East Asian Tigers became industrialized (Szirmai, Naudé and Alcorta, 2013). Gerschenkron (1962) used the term rarly industrializers to refer to countries that were first to industrilze such as Britain. He used the term late industrilizers to refer to countries ...

Introduction

Desirable Daughters is a novel by Bharati Mukherjee that seeks to illustrate the intricate relations that exist between the Indian caste system and the Western experiences of the immigrants in an effort towards reconciling the world views regarding the feminist gap between the two cultures. In a bid to reveal the intricacies of the caste system in India, Mukherjee delves deeper into the nature of three sisters in the novel and the circumstances they find themselves as they try to fit in different societies. From the outset, it is worth noting that the three sisters from Calcutta belong to ...

Introduction

In the contemporary era, there is a need to adopt a mechanism in which one can serve better in the business setting in different cultures. Today’s global business society is composed the various cultures in which people face the various business environments. The manner of doing business in each of the nation affects the manner of doing business (Aslani, Brett, Ramirez-Marin, Tinsley, & Weingart, 2011). Culture is important in business, and it has an impact on the strategic direction of the business; it can also have different effects on the management of the internal structure of the organization as ...

General Aspects of Indonesian Culture

Indonesia is an Asian country that comprises over 17,000 islands and with a population of around 256 million people. The country’s population implies diversity in the ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious domains. Being an island means that Indonesia is basically multi-ethnic with small groups occupying geographic enclaves. Indonesia comprises over six hundred ethnic groups grouped into 31 broad categories based on the 2010 census publication with the majority being the Javanese (40.2%) followed by Sundanese (15.5%) and Bataks (3.6%) (Utomo and McDonald, 2014, p.7). Indonesians speak various languages and observe varying customs and religious beliefs, however, there ...

Impact of globalization on human resource management practices

INTRODUCTION Globalization is the process of integration of several economies with the goal of increasing economic interdependence and mobility of factors of production across the world economies (Lechner, 2009). Globalization has caused an increase in the number of multinational corporations across the globe. Globalisation has had implications on the operations of multinational corporations including especially in human resource management. Some corporations have been forced to review their human resource practices to adapt to the challenges associated with globalisation. Companies have several motives to go global.

Companies globalise for different economic, social and cultural reasons. These motives vary from one ...

HR CULTURE-CROSS HR STRATEGIES

Hofstede came up with the cultural dimensions which are still being practiced today as a pre-requisite to the understanding of the concept of cross cultural communication. These dimensions are also said to have a strong influence on the values of members of a society and also on how these values link to the behavior. Cultural dimensions give insight into how organizations and businesses would make policies for a specific location. The six dimensions of culture include power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence (Hofstede, 1984; Hofstede, Hofstede, and Minkov, 1991). Before actually relating these dimensions ...

Britain took Hong Kong as a 99-year lease from the Chinese authorities through a treaty in 1898. This happened at a time when China’s Qing dynasty was at its weakest after the first Sino-Japanese war of 1895 and 1895. Thus, Britain presented the Convention for the Extension of the Hong Kong Territory as a means of gaining a strategic trading post that could give Britain power to operate within the Asia-Pacific region. The lease ended on 1st July, 1997 and Britain handed Hong Kong back to China. As of 1997, there was a completely different China from Qing ...

Questions and Answers Based on Geert Hofstede's Ideas

Questions and Answers Based on Geert Hofstede's Ideas

Definition:

Power distance is the term used for nations that have an expected gap in power among citizens, which are not disputed by the citizens, but accepted as part of the societal reality.

Summary:

When examining the nations of Bhutan, Russia, Venezuela, and Japan one can clearly see that a high degree of power distance exists in both Bhutan, who scored 94 and Russia, who scored 93. Venezuela had a fairly high power distance of 81. Japan scored the lowest on in comparison to the other countries at just 54. Definition: Individualism is ...

Great works of art are timeless. Even though they may be many differences in the way that they are presented, the subjects and themes of the human experiences have remained the same throughout the years. As such, the classic works of art present readers with commentary on their own condition, no matter how much time has elapsed from the work of art’s inception to the present day. One of these classic pieces is Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. This is a Romantic Gothic novel set in nineteenth century England, with a strong presence of the supernatural and social ...

This research is devoted to consideration connected with similarities of some national cultures. Geert Hofstede’s studies have greatly contributed to the understanding of the differences and similarities of national cultures and, correspondingly, in peculiarities of organizational cultures. With globalization, social and business processes connected with it, it is critical to be aware of the differences and similarities between different cultures, hence the importance of Hofstede’s research. His model characterizing national cultures emphasizes five dimensions. Each of them defines attitudes towards certain state of things in the society, of course, culturally reasoned. These dimensions are Power Distance, Individualism ...

Human Resource Management (HRM) refers to the practices and knowledge within an organization that is concerned with the organization’s primary responsibility and employment relations (Redman, & Wilkinson, 2009). As such, it is a discipline that is guided by numerous models that include Guest, Harvard, Warwick, Storey, and Fombrun models. The Guest model developed by David Guest contends that the HR manager is initially presented with specific strategies which then create a need for certain practices within the organization in order to achieve the desired outcome. It bears six aspects that include HRM strategy and practices as well as behavior, ...

Comparing National Cultures for Canada against Various Nations

This paper explores the degree to which various countries are similar or different compared to Canada. The issues highlighted include the nature of the society in terms of power distance between members of the society, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, uncertainty avoidance index, and long term versus short term orientation and indulgence versus restraint. The paper describes how these values define the societies of Australia, Burkina Faso, Malaysia, Brazil and South Korea as posted by Hofstede (2010). On the power distance, Australia compares fairly with Canada on most of the societal values described above. Both countries score low ...

Hofstede, Trompeenaars, and Javidan conducted three different research studies with the aim of establishing the key values from which they developed different dimensions that are used to define organizational culture across different countries, thus establish the types of cultures (Trompeenaars, 364). However, their research strategies were different. For instance, Hofstede conducted an employee interview across sixty-six countries. He only used the results of forty countries. On the other hand, Trompeenaars’ research was based on 40 countries. He collected data through questionnaires from over forty-six thousand managers. Javidan research was conducted in over sixty-two countries and involved more than one ...

ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: A CASE STUDY ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: A CASE STUDY ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Introduction

In international business, the organizations also need to consider cultural and social values at individual levels in the present competitive business environment (Mandják et al., 2016; Weinzimmer & Esken, 2016). In this context, China is evidently one of the topmost cradles of civilizations in the world to take into account for a case study. The history of this East Asian nation is really astounding. The People’s Republic of China has developed to become one of the top world powers today, named among the G5 + ...

Analysis of Fogo de Chao Service Marketing

Abstract Contemporary challenges in the business environment are determined by globalization and the increasing complexity of the operations of organizations, which grow outside their national cultures. The effectiveness of marketing strategies for these organizations given high diversity and specificity of business in each of the countries is one of the important discussions in academic context. Service marketing is significantly different from a product for several reasons. To look at the challenges specific to service industry in a context of the international operation, this document analyzes the strategy of Fogo de Chao, Brazilian multinational company, operating steakhouse restaurants in the ...

When analyzing and comparing two works of art, there are many aspects that one must take into account, especially if they belong to different mediums. Even though there may be many differences, one can still find similarities between two masterpieces. This is more significant if they belong to the same historical and ideological context, as in the case of Sandro Botticelli’s painting “The Birth of Venus” and Agnolo Poliziano's poem “Stanze per la Giostra”. They were both important exponents of the Renaissance’s humanist movement, which sought to recall the importance of man, including the rationality and mythology ...

Introduction

Gun control refers to as laws and policies that have been enacted to regulate the manufacture, transfer, possession as well as the use of guns by the civilians. Gun control in the United States came at a time when massive shooting, killing, suicide, and gun related violence was on the rise in the United States. It is because of this that President Barrack Obama and his committee decided to propose the gun control policy. The annual review of public health statistics shows that gun related deaths tally to approximately 33,000 annually (Wintemute and Garen 9). For information on ...

Social science researchers define variations within a culture based on universal traits. Cultural variations are divided into three broad categories. These are; behaviors, values and cognition. Behaviors are the outward observable artifacts of culture (Wunderle, 2006). Such artifacts include language and religion. The culture of any given group of people is greatly influenced by the language spoken by this group of people. People's perspective of the world is dependent on the content and structure of the language they speak. Personally, I perceive the world from a technological perspective based on the high use of technological words in the English ...

Introduction

It is worth acknowledging that the business setting is experiencing tremendous changes, a feature that has influenced the way global workforce is sourced, organized and managed. Besides, globalization has enhanced interaction amid knowledge, trade, and innovation, which are significant factors that influence business. However, different stakeholders are concerned that emerging markets have led to increased number of employees working outside their homes. Besides, there is a shortage of talent in specific disciplines in the market, a feature that has attracted a lot of concerns. Therefore, the mobility of employees has been experienced in the recent past and is expected ...

Chang, N.-Y., & Liou, T.-Y. (2009). A study of Latino parenting culture and practices: listening to the voices of Latino parents. Hsiuping Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12, 1-36. Retrieved from http://ir.hust.edu.tw/bitstream/310993100/1599/1/12-01.pdf The article studies culture and practices of childrearing in Latino families. As the authors write, “Traditional Latino parents, in general, may have more rigid parenting values compared to their Caucasian counterparts” (Chang & Liou, 2009, p. 1). The conducted study is based on the qualitative research. First, the authors provide a complete literature review regarding the main values of Latin culture and historical background of their living in ...

Introduction

The paper is intended to develop a report about different management styles in the context of industrial or employment relations to compare it with the sophisticated paternalist/ HRM (Human Resource Management) approach. The management styles in employment relations may be different from how it is taken or considered. The preferences and choices of the organization directly impact on its strategies to develop a relationship with its employees (Miller, 1987). The preferences are usually aligned with the dominants of the organization that is directly involved in decision making process of the organization. These preferences of the dominants directly result in ...

The concept of the natural state of man is discussed in detail by both Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe in their books Gulliver’s Travels and Robinson Crusoe respectively. While Swift takes the reader through his opinion of the natural state of man by describing the journey of Gulliver, Defoe does this through an evaluation of the life of Crusoe. However, despite appearing to focus on the same topic, the two hold divergent views on the same. Defoe appears to make a more compelling argument as compared to Swift in Gulliver’s travel because he appears to be more ...

Introduction

The theory of Hofstede on cultural dimension is a framework for cross-cultural communication. Geert Hofstede developed the theory. It gives an explanation of the effects culture in society on its members` values and how the values associate to behavior using a given structure from factor analysis. The work of Hofstede established the original research tradition in psychology of cross culture. Consultants in various fields relating to global communication and business depend on the theory. Researchers widely utilize the approach in many areas as research paradigm mostly international management and cross-cultural psychology. This paper aims to explain key concepts in ...

Question 1: What is the North American Free Trade Agreement? Has this trade agreement impacted (positively or negatively) the United States and more specifically the state of Georgia? Provide specific examples and a rationale for your response. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a document used to create a trilateral trade bloc. Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. joined together, effective January 1, 1994, to for a free trade area that unified North America (Alexander, 1993). The NAFTA agreement was designed to create a “comprehensive structure” for trade and for investment among the three principle North American powers, ...

Unlike the eras that came before it, the postmodern era focused on the individual and whether or not personal authenticity is truly possible. In order to determine if personal authenticity is achievable though, one has to first take into consideration what individualism means. According to Elliot and Lemert, individualism involves a “denial of social connection” (Elliot & Lemert 2009, p. 3-4), in other words “the individualist creed was premised on the assumption that people should leave it to others to deal with their own problems and to get on with the living of life on their own terms” (Elliot & Lemert ...

Cohabitation is an arrangement that involves two people, who are in a romantic relationship, living together as a couple without being formally married. Current trends show that cohabiting is becoming either a type of family system or a pathway to forming a traditional family through marriage. According to Finer and Philbin (2014), there has been a “growing delay of first marriage, which has been offset by increasing levels and duration of nonmarital cohabitation” (p. e272). Smock (2000, p. 3) states that the occurrence of marriages preceded by cohabitation between 1965 and 1974 was only 10%, whereas the occurrence of ...

Social Influences and Individualism

The early research carried on by Goffman seems to suggest that (removed from a social framework and social context) individuals do not have a genuine ability for self-expression however, later theorists believe there is a link between a desire for authenticity and individualization. The following will carefully examine these theories by looking at the work done by Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel, two of the most prominent researchers in this area (Travers, A 1994, 5). An interesting aspect of Garfinkel’s work is that he controversially suggested that sociology simply didn’t exist. He believed that it should be ...

America core political values are self-government, equity, individualism, and liberty. Liberty is the political and social freedoms to which citizens of a country are entitled. Individualism is a political philosophy which emphasizes on an individual’s moral worth. Self-governance describes a group that is capable of exercising the necessary power functions with an intervention from any authority. Equity means impartiality and fairness towards all the concerned parties or groups. In those past days “democracy” was not a good word as it somehow meant “rule by the masses that are unenlightened.” As Framers were worried about democracy as it was ...

Philosophy

The correlation of ethics and philosophy is a problem, it is difficult to say to what extent the morality is socially determined. In fact, we should talk about an individual morality, but even in this case, it should be borne in mind that even very personal, individual norms and moral values ​​in most cases have a social nature. In some cases, their social origin is not so obvious, but upon closer inspection we can find that any individual morality is largely socially determined. This situation is explained by the fact that the process of establishment and the formation of ...

Introduction: Brief Look at FC Barcelona and Real Madrid

Spanish football is such a great phenomenon. It is through football that the Spaniards can express themselves regarding political agendas and culture. The Spaniards feel that it’s through football that most of their grievances can be adhered to considering Spain is a multi-national state. Having a look at the two prominent football clubs in Spain, which are, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid, it is evident that Spain loves football. Talking of Barcelona, it owns its football academy referred to as La Massi. It is such a prominent academy having produced the likes of Carles Puyol, Cesc Fabregas, Xavi ...

Introduction

The idea of incorporating the Aristotle’s view that “everybody is a political entity, capable of using language for the sake of their personal gains, and the association between the language and the ideology has been a key point of discussion in the research in the political arena for the last several years. In this essay, the arguments and comparison are going to be based on the information gathered on the political slogans in China from the 1949 People’s Republic of China and the U.S presidential election campaigns from as early as 1920. Meaningful outcomes will emanate from ...

Introduction

The experience of living in a national of dynamism and multicultural setting like Singapore is one of its kind that will last in my memory for quite some time and it could be a remarkable life-time experience. The core cultural beliefs and values come into play in the communicative behaviors of the individuals living in a state or nation (Wong, 2011). I give an explicit insight into the cultural values of the Singaporeans from an experience of a person who had the opportunity to stay in the country for about four and half years as a student. This gives ...

In this essay, we will provide some general information of the importance of taking into consideration the difference between different cultures in everyday life. We will dwell a little on the case of Singapore and how it can be compared with our experience at work or at the university. Also, our own example of the usage of this case will be provided and analyzed due to one of the given Core Cultural Dimensions.

Introduction

All nationalities differ. But still, they can live and interact together without any problems if only both nations will treat each other respectively. And it is ...

Since family has played an important role as one of society’s basic structures, it is important to recognize the factors that are responsible for creating this institution. Some people might argue that a family is a unit connected with genetic factors – that it includes parents, children and other relatives. However, to better understand a family, one must understand that the term ‘family’ is constructed in a social way. The value of family has different meanings in different parts of the world depending on a variety of social and cultural conditions. Even on specific aspects like aging, education, or ...

Introduction

In the modern age of technological progress, people begin to puzzle about their place in the environment and the relation of a contemporary human being to the nature. It seems like the link between a person and natural environment is lost, yet still despite the progress, humans try to connect to nature. There is a radical difference between the life in a modern city and in wilderness, which sometimes attracts adventurers and those who try to escape the civilization. There are radical examples, like Chris McCandless, who has chosen alienation from the society in order to live in wilderness ( ...

Question 1

One of the most conspicuous thematic elements of the films made in the Asian region is the conflict between the individuals and the social influences or practices. Many directors hailing from different Asian cultures have come forward to make films dealing with such themes. These films have also gained much critical acclamation and popularity all over the world as they are very aptly made to reach out to the emotions and aesthetic sense of the masses. If one explores a few iconic films of Asia, it would become very clear how the makers have inserted elements of dichotomy in ...

Question 1

It needs to be reckoned that the films made in Asia over the past decades have truly come to excel in the form of cinematic art, and have gained enormous popularity as well as critical acclaim all over the world. If one delves into a few of the iconic Asian films ever made in the history of cinema, it can be comprehended that these films explore the thematic content of the dichotomy between the spirit of emancipation of the individual and the constrictions of the societal norms or the cultural community. A close scrutiny of a few iconic films ...

Introduction

The human resource management plays a critical role in managing human capital in the organization. Human resource manager must understand different aspect of human behavior that influences their output in the organization. An important aspect of the members of the organizations that human resource managers should be more attentive at is the culture. Employees of the organization come from diverse populations with different cultural and communication backgrounds. Culture has a significant impact on the values of each member of the society. Additionally, culture describes the relationship between behaviors and values demonstrated by employees in the organization (Anastacia, 2015). Professor ...

Liberalist’s individualism maintains the respect of autonomy. Real individuals are treated with fairness and equality as the impartial application of principles of universality that require abstract commonalities. Liberal individuals are mostly autonomous who put their personal preferences and values that are driven by self-interests that may be rational. Rights and obligations towards each other assist in their primary connection as they are brought together through contractual relationships. All things that are considered valuable shall not be regarded as the individuals are usually self-determining. Complex relationships exist between individuals and social groupings apart from those that are common among ...

America is a country that is believed to have been built on the tales and stories told by its very first immigrants. They arrived in new lands that looked promising, and thus composed myths that could, later on, become the mythical pillars that the later generations hold as true. Some of the themes that are identifiable with the stories and myths told by the pioneer settlers centered on immigration, religion, the American dream as well as individualism. In the book American Mythos: Why Our Best Efforts to Be a Better Nation Fall Short Robert Wuthnow delves into the greatest ...

The May Fourth Movement and Chinese Literature

China has a long and rich history that stretches over several centuries. Part of that history, naturally, is a rich cultural history that includes a fine literary tradition. Unfortunately, most of that literary tradition is not well known to the West. Modern Chinese literature, that which is popular in the Western world, developed as a result of the cultural revolution that began with the May Fourth Movement. The May Fourth Movement was part of a cultural and political revolution in China that led to the birth of a new intellectual class in China as well as an opening up ...

[Class Title]

Introduction The philosophy of transcendentalism is based on the belief that there exists a higher form of knowledge or reality that could not be fathomed by human reason, which humans can achieve. As defined by scholars, transcendentalism is the idea that people “have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that ‘transcends’ or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel”. Transcendentalism is not a new concept. Historically, the idea of transcendentalism can be traced to the works of the Greek philosopher, Plato and the doctrines of major religions such as the ancient ...

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions address societal effects on the individual’s values and the extent to which these values shape the individual’s behavior in the society. The first dimension incorporates the Power Distance Index, in which the individuals accept the unequal distribution of power in the organization. The second dimension encompasses the Individualism vs. Collectivism, in which the societies are developed on the basis of the extent to which individuals relate to their family members. The third dimension determines the Uncertainty Avoidance Index, in which the extent to which the individuals accept uncertainty in the society is addressed ( ...

Chinua Achebe manages, in a highly entertaining and educative way, to present the theme of collectivism in the Nigeria before the merciless yet highly effective occupation of the British in Nigeria. The Ibo society that forms the setting of the book is a microcosm of not just Nigeria but also the rest of the Eastern countries. Chinua Achebe tells the story of the people of Igbo land of Eastern Nigeria before and immediately after their contact with the Western culture. The story revolves around the life of Okwonkwo, a tragic hero, depicting his birth, how he rises from a ...

Religion has been the foundation of arrangement and strife of social orders, where both viewpoints make a noteworthy commitment to our comprehension of society. However, a new form of religion known as capitalism religion has developed which is now the source of hope and fulfilment for people in the modern world. This exposition will look into a structuralist and interpretative position on the effect of the capitalism religion on society and how religion can be used to help people understand it as a false hope. The scholars that will be utilized are Karl Marx, Max Weber, and David Loy. ...

Introduction

The long walk is a story that shows the extent to which individuals could sacrifice themselves to achieve their goals. The story also shows various motives that make individuals commit themselves to particular tasks since while others rely on sacrifices as a way of succeeding, others tend to engage in forms of self-punishment from regretful events that happened earlier in their lives. Through the characters used in the story, the concept of making right decisions is brought out meaning it is imperative for individuals to make the right decisions in life to avoid future regrets. Stephen King’s Novel ...

The economic crisis of 30s of the 20th century is the most powerful crisis with the direst consequences of a global nature. The Depression changed the relationship between the American people and their government, caused the movement from the self-regulated economy to direct regulation by the government and became a period of great reforms. In the economic ideology of that time totally dominated the doctrine of the state noninterference in the economy - "laissez faire", postulating that market forces have unlimited opportunities for self-regulation (Shlaes). Another important component was a pronounced liberal-democratic ideology based on individualism, the principle of ...

Abstract

The Irish leadership perspective has a crucial role in its national life due to the impact Irish political leaders have in the economic life of the country. Understanding this national leadership characteristics significantly contributes to the national awareness of its strengths and weaknesses. Based on Hofstede’s leadership categorization model, the commonly held leadership characteristics can be described as small power distance, weakly uncertainty avoidant, collectivist, masculine, and long-term oriented. American leaders who want to engage Irish leaders and population will have to make adjustments in at least three dimensions of differences, namely, individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and ...

Introduction

The international management is the modern concerns of the companies with the increase in globalization and internationalization. It is an important part of international business. The management in international business includes the similar management aspects include planning, organizing, leading and controlling of multicultural areas of the business (Rozkwitalska & Gdanska, 2009). BUMET International Inc. has recently changed its management for Asian region that includes Japan, Korea, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The executive management has to consider the differences in the culture of these countries before practicing the management. For this purpose, it is important to compare different cultures ...

The word “modern” at first appeared long time ago – in 1585 and its meaning in Late Latin was “just now”. In English language the term modern had almost a similar meaning – “existing now”. There are two terms that relate to modern: modernism and modernity. Though they seem to be the same while derived from one term, it is though necessary to point out a definition of each of them and tell about their differences. Modernity, also known as modernization, can be defined as a process of social and economic development, involving the rising of industry, urbanization, technology and bureaucratic ...

Financial crisis is not a new word in today's economy. The world's economy has consistently been a victim of the financial crisis, and these cases will continue to happen. The global financial crisis in 2008 relates to the 1930's great depression that nearly brought down the economy of the United States. The actors in the financial sector have grown big and are becoming uncontrollable. These financial institutions have now become tough to monitor and control. Government and central banks have a duty of controlling commercial structures through proper supervision and regulation of financial market (Flannery 275). Due to the ...

Introduction

Mining activities can pose serious environmental and health implications. Although, these environmental and health hazards can be mitigated and effectively managed through sound engineering and environmental practices, these environmental and health issues associated with mining operations could not be totally eradicated. In general, there are three major players in the mining industry: the company, which include the employees and the stockholders; the regulatory bodies, which include the government and other national and international environmental organizations; and the community, which are not directly related to the mining industry, but is impacted by its operations. Each one of these stakeholders has ...

Introduction

The increasing convergence of global businesses across geographies has made human capital and service exchanges commonplace. By moving across physical and virtual (i.e. web) boundaries, cross-cultural encounters become increasingly a necessary requirement for effective work experiences locally and globally. This emphasis on cross-cultural competence in current business ecosystem is made more necessary in financial service industry. Indeed, of all cross-border services, financial activities are probably one most sensitive to global influence. Notably, by exchanging services via banking-based and non-banking financial systems, influence of not only provided services but also of people offering such services is well embedded in day-to-day ...

For my market cultural report I have selected the country that shows one of the most rapid developing economics in the world, and that is China. I have always been fascinated by this country and not only by their success in economic growth, but also by the country’s beauty. The nature of China is unique and magnificent as for me, there are nowhere on Earth such places as in this country. Moreover, authentic culture and customs of these people are also very attractive to me. There is the highest mountain on Earth, Everest, there and unique place called ...

Management

1. Lou Gerstner Earliest days at IBM In his work, Watkins (2013) explains how one can make a change within a short period of both getting enrolled in a new job, being promoted and even being sent out for an international assignment. This work goes hand in hand with our discussion of the day involving the successful story of the former IBM chief executive officer Lou Gerstner. It was on the 1st of April 1993 when Lou Gerstner took over as IBM Chief Executive Officer. This change of leadership was brought about by the poor performance of IBM in ...