Essays on Infanticide

For many centuries women had to struggle to make a place for themselves in society. Some have become successful but many are still mistreated by their families as well as their society. On 5 September 1995, Hilary Clinton made a speech during the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China to a mixed audience. The purpose of her speech was to encourage people to see that women contribute to the success of society and that any violation of a woman’s right should be regarded as a human rights violation. During the conference, “Hillary Rodham Clinton ...

Insanity defense, as it is known in many jurisdictions refers to the assertion by a person accused of criminal prosecution that at the time of committing the criminal act(s) they were not in the right state of mind as to appreciate the wrongfulness of their acts. Insanity has been invoked in many jurisdictions to reverse legal decisions or acquit people accused of crimes and it comes forth as the perfect defense. Whenever it is applied, it permits a person who is factually guilty to escape punishment and incarceration. Canadian laws have numerous circumstances exempt individuals from criminal responsibility ...

Motherhood is a sacred act for each woman. It is the most powerful and spiritual component of a woman’s life. Published in 1987, “Beloved” by Toni Morrison depicts heart-wrenching lives of African slaves and explores the mother-child relationship and the experience of black women in an unjust and prejudiced society. “Beloved” was based on the real story of a slave woman called Margaret Garner who killed her own child. This masterpiece emphasizes the barbaric and cruel effects of slavery and oppression of black women in the circumstances of racial inequality and abusive behaviors. They were not allowed to ...

Question 1.

Under demographic transition theory, countries transition from high death and high birth rates to low death and low birth rates, as the country’s economy develops. The transition of death and birth rates is divided into four stages:

Pre-Industrial Stage

Societies have high death and birth rates in the first stage of pre-industrial stage. As both death and birth rates are high, population growth is slow and majority of the population is young as despite several births, few manage to live for long. In the pre-industrial society, children tend to operate as an economic benefit for the families, which reinforces the ...

The questions of birth control have always troubled mankind. The search for methods of contraception and abortion by doctors doing started in the ancient world. Throughout the history of mankind abortion is one of the oldest problems of medical ethics, philosophy, law and theology. The mention of abortion is found in ancient Chinese writing more than 4,600 years ago. There is evidence that the ancient inhabitants of Australia tore the membranes to cause miscarriage. Moreover, the women of East Africa caused an abortion with special wooden sticks. This paper is dedicated to clarification of the methods of birth ...

This study was a comparison of different classmates’ reactions to a series of questions that were asked. The first questions that were asked to students was: When and why has the practice of female infanticide started in China? Was this a practice everywhere in China or only in certain parts of the country? When was it stopped officially and in practice? In referring to the first student’s response (Melissa T), I was very impressed by the knowledge that she retained from the articles that were read. Particularly, I was impressed with her relation to the Buddhist and Muslim ...

Question 1

Female infanticide is one of the oldest practice in China. This practice is streamlined towards family planning in society. Female infanticide refers to the abandonment and killing of baby girls. This traditional practice is believed to have spanned for more than 2000 years. In fact, the practice is dated from Chinese antiquity (Mungello, 2008). The practice is traced to the abandonment of children during Zhou dynasty. The main causes of female infanticide in China are both cultural and material. Female infanticide was carried out through burying alive, poisoning, drowning, suffocation, stabbing, and strangulation. The practice started in China because ...

The roles of women in Iraq and America compared to men are due to customs and traditions rather than religion. The rights of women in Iraq have improved through the years, their views and perception may still be old fashioned. And it is the main difference on Iraqi and American culture. Just like any other Asian countries, Iraq has very strong family ties. And the women are viewed as devoted and hard-working wives. Compared in America, women there take pride in being independent, expressing their own views and proving to that they can be capable of being more than ...

The debates around the topic of abortions exist a long time and in various societies. In some of them, they are prohibited by the law, in others – because of religious issues. Despite this fact, the practice of abortion exists and is happening due to different circumstances, whereas it is legal or not. Usually, the society is divided into two groups that are either supporting abortions or are totally against them. It has always been a very complicated issue with the possibility to look at it from different perspectives. As the woman is the carrier of the fetus, the main ...

Postpartum Psychosis is an ailment experienced after the childbirth by women. In many views, the disease is characterized by mental illness that makes the mother have cynical and defeatist attitude towards the newborn baby. Such approaches are characterized by negative feelings about the fortunes of the baby that can lead to the woman contemplating taking away their lives or that of the child. There have been numerous cases of postpartum psychosis witnessed in several parts of the world and reports indicate that likelihood of infanticide stands at 4% among women, and it is considered to be that other conditions ...

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Gendercide in India is an issue that is not new to the country; it has been going on for centuries and today the practice is still in vogue, even though, there is much awareness on the issue today. Gendercide is practiced due to a variety of reason, mostly discrimination and that too with the female child in place of the male child; where most Indians wish they have male heirs and sons after them rather than giving birth to females. Many cultural, social, as well as religious ...

Infanticide

Studies on criminal justice, especially as it relates to infanticide case have shaded more light on how to perform a wide variety of services which include crime investigative work, identifying suspects, among other duties for the benefit of the general public. A more multidiscipline team approach has been the prime factor to ensuring comprehensive response to myriad of problems relating to infanticide and putting face on the actions necessary to be taken. In this perspective, looking at the Smithville community, the society is violent to children. In fact, as the statistics suggest, children are at high risks of being in ...

Criminal Law

1.) a.) Observation and psychological testing in the assessment, selection and treatment of mentally ill offenders is important in order to creating a successful treatment program these offenders and to promote the public safety and security. It is difficult task on the part of the criminal justice system to pool together professionals who have the knowledge to understand the consequences imposed by both the criminal justice system and mental health treatment. At the same time, it is recommended that mental health professionals should be able to take into consideration the issues surrounding forensic patients, with the help of forensic clinicians ...

1. Outline the categories of violence as described by Jamil Salmi.

According to Salmi, the phenomenon of violence has many characteristics, with particular causes per characteristic and with particular causational agents per cause. Violence also exists in several forms, including direct violence, indirect violence, repressive violence, and alienating violence.

Direct violence is characterized by any physical, in-person act causing intended harm. In this category would be included A) any act resulting in death (homicide, genocide, infanticide); and B) any “coercive or brutal” (Module 6, 44) at threatening or resulting in physical or psychological damage or suffering—including rape, spousal abuse, political imprisonment, for example.

Indirect violence is characterized by ...

Introduction

It is rare to witness maternal infanticide in the United States. However, cases of maternal infanticide still come to pass. Postpartum mental illness contributes to a high proportion of maternal infanticide cases. This paper will focus on the contemporary, legislative and historical psychiatric points of view on infanticide. The paper also gives a discussion on the ways of promoting appropriate treatment of women committing infanticide out of mental illness and ways of improving the prevention of infanticide (Barak, 2003).

There was an history of psychiatric disorder in Mrs. Yates. Her first reported psychotic incident came after the birth of Noah. She ...

Analysis of the Debating Surrounding Abortion as a Part of the Cultural Politics of Reproduction

Introduction Every society has its own beliefs regarding the pre-established notions regarding the birth, life cycle and death of individuals. However, external influences often sway relative changes that have the potential of making drastic changes. A similar external force is the political set up of a country, which generally tends to alter the socially established norms of birth control. A desired cultural influence on the society can be easily done by manipulating the accessible birth patterns and by controlling the birth mortality rates. Various government agencies in both, developing and developed countries, have been testified to work over this ...

Analysis of “Missing: 163 Million Women” by Mara Hvistendahl

The essay “Missing: 163 Million Women” by Mara Hvistendahl discusses the basic sexism of a world in which women are shrinking in Asia and elsewhere in the world. Here, she discusses the very important issue of the population changing to favor boys over girls; in many parts of the world, particularly India and China, more boys are being born than girls. “People were not simply having fewer children. They were having fewer girls. Population growth had been slowed, in part, by reducing the number of daughters” (Hvistendahl). The result of Hvistendahl’s investigation is a very interesting look at infanticide, cultural ...

Abortion Under this neutral, it would seem, short word, there is hiding the real human tragedy, crime, and simply put, murder. Yes, it is a murder indeed, an attempt on the life of a small, completely innocent person. Whatever attempts to justify this act: financial situation, the circumstances, etc., they still do not remove responsibility for infanticide. After all, every person, since he/she is conceived, has the right to be born, to develop and to live. Doctors often suspend from a crime under the guise of cold terms, calling the baby just an embryo. In fact, in this way they are ...

Civilization is a state of state human society that has well developed urban systems, social classes, with a very developed culture and way of life. The monks in the 14th century had played a significant role in the civilization most importantly, of the western countries. Although the purpose of a monk retiring to be a monastery involved the cultivation of a more disciplined spiritual life, his role has proven to be substantial in the development of a civilized society. Their work as the Benedictines have been remarkable and have been appreciated since it has been a crucial part of the western civilization. These contributions are on the ...

- Juvenile Delinquency - Theories of Delinquency Throughout history, communities and experts have varying opinions when it comes to explaining why there are juveniles or minors violating rules and laws. According to Martin (2005), early experts and communities tried to explain juvenile delinquency with two theories: demonism and naturalism. Naturalism pertains to the ‘practice of linking human affairs with the natural world, justifying human behavior with the influence of nature.’ For example, if the change due to lunar and solar cycles, human behavior is also affected by these forces. Ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean use this theory ...

Abstract

No one should have to endure and experience the death of a child, particularly when a child is such an early age. However, there are factors that would tend to redirect the focus of the death of the child to more scientific reasons rather than just mere negligence. True, there are situations that criminal angles are factors in the death of these infants, but whether these were in control of their faculties’ remains to be discussed. The paper seeks to determine the reasons behind “sudden infant death syndrome,” the possible scientific and legal foundations, and when can these be separated from ...

Introduction

China is the world’s most populous country. Its population comprises roughly 20 percent of the total world population. It is also a close second to the United States in terms of the size of economy and a close third when it comes to military size and even military technology sophistication. Over the past decades, the People’s Republic of China has slowly but surely gained strength to become a regional superpower, both in terms of economic and military benchmarks, especially when the fact that it is still being considered as one of the fastest growing economies not only in Asia but ...

Introduction

Oedipus tragedy is predicted even before his birth in the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, as his father, Laius, will meet his fatal death in his hand and he will marry his own mother, Jocasta, when he grows up. The oracle is the major reason for his parents to infanticide him. Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, adverts Oedipus as a best example of tragic hero ever. Aristotle’s panorama about Oedipus is vividly described in the following lines: “must be one who is highly renowned and prosperous-a personage like Oedipus” (Poetics XIII paragraph 2) and “he who hears the tale ...

Introduction

This research paper examines China’s national policy of restricting families to producing only one child, using research based on credible internet sources. The paper includes discussion of why and when the policy was implemented, its effect on the people of China and China as a nation, and whether it is a policy that should be or will be continued.

The Research

Kane and Choi (Oct. 1999) provide a comprehensive overview of China’s “One Child Policy in their paper published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ). They report that it was a government policy first introduced in 1979; because the Chinese government was concerned ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Abstract This paper is on the topic of human rights. It begins by defining human rights. It also mentions important people throughout the history of human rights’ development. The paper speculates on how different countries handle human rights and the violations therein. Finally, the paper assesses what the causes, effects, and solutions are to each country having its own human rights policies.

Part I

Heading: Definition and meaning - Human rights are a more understanding and definition ensuring that humans are allotted basic rights, such as the right to life.

Heading: Historical landmarks/people in Human Rights Development

- Abraham Lincoln – fought a war in order to free the ...

The history of human evolution has always been a heated topic for debate; many theories abound as to what factors led to the evolution of apes into man, using the concepts of trait adaptation, among others, to help explain why we became what we became. There are those who believe that the major contributing factor was the development of language, or the forming of groups with hierarchical structures. Others believe that the development of monogamy as a social concept is the most important factor leaving to the evolution of humanity. However, it is my concerted belief that the most important contributing ...

During the mid to late 1970s, China faced a big problem: there were too many children being born in the country. In the wake of Mao’s Cultural Revolution, the entire country was focused on changing the path that China was on. The people in the government were worried that if the population growth continued at the rate that it was going, that China would become immensely overpopulated and would face problems like famine, sickness, and widespread economic downturn. China’s “one child” policy is actually a “family planning” policy according to the Chinese government, as there are certain types of ...

Whether or not having the choice to get an abortion is immoral is a very important question concerning the public debate about this controversial issue. From an objective perspective, the choice of getting an abortion is immoral, regardless of whether or not the women who carry out this choice are guilty or innocent. The first important factor that must be considered is that an abortion certainly results in the death of a living entity, i.e. the human embryo. The moral status of the human embryo that is killed is the foremost point in this debate. Moreover, plenty of evidence can be ...

There are several authors and philosophers that have argued to the effect that crime in the early modern times was predominantly a masculine activity. They argue that the crimes were fundamentally carried out or practiced by males, with the only exception being the few crimes that are related to femininity. Such crimes that were exempted from being classified as being masculine include witchcraft and infanticide. The females committed a fewer number of crimes and in most cases, these crimes were petty and very lacking in courage and initiative. As such, the courts treated women leniently because of the fact that the ...

One child policy in China was formulated in 1979 and took effect on the same year. Officially known as the ‘family planning policy’, one child policy requires couples who stay in urban areas to have only one child. This restriction does not, however, extend to persons who live in the rural areas of China. Other exceptions to the one child policy include persons who are from ethnic minorities as well as twins. Recent research indicates that as at 2010, approximately thirty six percent of the Chinese population lived in urban areas and were thus subject to the one child ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Reg No Designation Abstract The essay begins with a brief introduction about the outline of the contents. This essay critically discusses the abortion issue from a Philosophical point of view. There are several arguments both favoring and against abortion. The essay can be considered a good reference point for an argument or a debate on the abortion issue. Finally the essay concludes summarizing the vital points supporting in favor and against abortion. Recommendations are also offered to minimize the growing number of abortion cases as a result of the changing social life style among the current generation.

Introduction

The essay is about ...

The deep influence of Judeo-Christian heritage on the civilization of the West is evident from the current notions of human rights and human dignity, innovations in the field of medicine and science, universal education, humanitarian habitual traits and their extensive contribution to arts. While this claim is common, it has been dogged by controversy in recent times and the revisionists of late modernity along with individuals suffering from historical amnesia have raised a strong opposition to this claim. Both the liberal media and active humanists have joined forces over the years to focus their efforts on providing the American ...

The issue of abortion is definitely multivalued. It has demographic sense, as well as political and social importance, and it has a very important ethical aspect. Topicality of the problem in discussing abortion persists despite the fact that it continues for many centuries. Historically, the attitude of doctors to abortion is one of the first and fundamental ethical and medical issues that are still relevant today. This is explained by the fact that the problem of abortion unites the relationship between people at the level of moral, legal, social, political, religious, and scientific consciousness. Abortion is defined as termination ...

In the United States, significant concern has been raised by the public over the issue of violent crime over the years (Maguire and Pastore, 1996). Unlike other forms of crime, there has been considerably more debate surrounding violent crime, with the intention of causing or threatening to cause death or physical harm. Violent crimes range from a simple assault to a more severe homicide. Although, homicide is the most severe violent crime that any individual can commit, there are various other types of violent crimes. Assault is the most frequently committed violent crime in the United States, and even though ...

Zhongguo, which is another name for China in Mandarin, means Middle Kingdom when translated to English. China is also called the Center of the Universe ("9a. the middle"). The Chou people of the Zhou Empire, who had occupied the North China Plain in 1000 B.C., were unaware of the Western civilizations, and believed that they were living at the center of the earth. Today, although “Middle Kingdom” is regarded as more of a retrospective and subjective term by the rest of the world, while the one quarter of the world's population in China still believe that they are at the ...

Morality of Abortion

Before judging the morality behind the act of abortion we must emphasize on ‘what is abortion’ and ‘why it is generally performed’. The act of abortion can be defined as the removal of immature fetus from the womb of a human female with her consent. It is, no doubt, an unpleasant action but the doer has more than one reason to perform it. The act itself dates back thousands of years back and it will continue till Jesus comes with certainty. As custodians of our health, doctors have had the privilege of carrying out this process on whosoever desires. The ...

Moses was destined for a great future from the moment of his birth. It was through Moses that God could manifest his power and glory to the Israelites, the Egyptians and the whole world at large presently through the written word of the Bible. Moses miraculously survived the infanticide ordered by the King of Egypt due to the high rate of reproduction of the Israelites. The Egyptian King saw this as a future threat. Moses’ mother put him on a basket and placed it on river Nile when she could no longer keep him secretly. Some servants later spotted the basket and ...