Essays on Infection Control

InstitutionalAffiliation

Staph Infections Definition of Staph Infections The word “Staph” is a short form of the word “Staphylococci” which is the name of the bacteria that causes various infections. Staphylococcal infections, commonly referred to as Staph infections are a group of infections caused by the said bacteria. The infections can result in a wide range of infections including skin infections, lung infections, heart infections and blood infections. Most of these infections are caused by a group of Staphylococci bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. This group of bacteria is responsible for various infections including skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, blood poisoning and ...

Introduction

Nurses play an integral, challenging, and complex role in the healthcare system. Nurses are considered as the backbone of the complex and diverse system that comprises patients and a multidisciplinary team of experts. Nurses are educated and trained to cater to a large group of patients and often seek continuing education and upgrade their skills and knowledge. It is only through clinical exposure that nurses learn and implement new strategies and techniques. Nurses are known to transform the healthcare system by acting as mediators between the patient population and the medical team (physicians and other allied healthcare members). Through ...

Introduction

The situation is getting out of control at Good Health Hospital (Tampa Bay) since the outbreak of Escherichia coli, a specie of bacteria that can be found in many daily items. The incident involved Ward 10, which is located in the second floor. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that the investigation of the bacterial source must begin with the hospital kitchen as the bacterium can be transmitted through contaminated vegetables and delicatessen meats (e.g. salami and other cold cuts). The Epidemiological Summary provides a brief description of the data obtained. Environmental review ...

2A. Appraising Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Study One source of bias during data collection is the use of self-report data (Polit & Beck 2012). Chivers et al. (2001) obtained data through the SF-36 and Beck depression inventory which required the patients to answer questionnaires. If they failed to give accurate answers, it would have affected the validity of the findings. The study design also allowed patients to receive other clinically appropriate treatments that were beyond the study protocol (Chivers et al. 2001). Additional treatments are confounding variables but their influence on the study outcomes was not estimated in the statistical analysis. This reduces confidence in ...

Healthcare environments are significantly prone to the risk of infection. Apparently, given the many avenues for possible infection that are evident in healthcare environments, there is an urgent need for intervention that such places demand. Several studies have revealed that all the people who participate in such environments stand a risk of getting infected, an aspect that further raises concern on the way those in charge of such places conduct their activities. The current paper identifies where the risk stems from, the possible interventions that should be initiated to curb the involved risks and it provided a reliable model ...

Infections in hospital settings are a challenge in nursing because of the potential dangers that they pose to a wide number of patients. Bloodstream infections from central lines are particularly hazardous as they affect patients that are already vulnerable, meaning that they contribute to morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting (Rinke et al., 2012). Although the rates of central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) can be reduced by up to 67% through the introduction of checklists (Schulman et al., 2011), the issue continues to be important in a wide number of hospital settings. It is also important to understand the ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Abstract The intensive care unit in most hospitals plays the role of providing care to patients dealing with life-threatening conditions. The technological and other set ups in these hospital units are vital in ensuring that these patients continue to receive the best regarding care while with the intentions of having them emerge with desirable outcomes. There are however challenges relating to the care that these patients receive since, in most cases, they are usually under mechanical ventilation. A patient under this condition faces the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia if the ventilators are not handled with the required care. ...

Part A:

Choose a manual handling task common to community services work, and based upon this, complete a risk assessment using the same questions as in the example. 1b. Briefly explain why you should record hazard identification according to workplace procedures. (Matrix Source: Govt. South Australia, Department of Education and Children's Services, Health and Safety Services.) 2b. Explain why you chose that category. (20-50 words) 3. Describe the negative impact upon the muscles of the body for the pictures with poor posture. (50-100 words) 4. Identify how the way we move our bodies when performing a manual handling task can reduce ...

Abstract

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, central line-associated bloodstream infections lead to the deaths of thousands of people every year in the United States. These infections actually represent about 10% of all hospital-acquired infections translating to about 71, 900 infections per year in US hospitals. Also, this condition adds billions of dollars to the total health care system costs. However, these infections are actually preventable. This paper analyzes literature related to this topic and tries to establish the best method for solving the problem of central line-associated bloodstream infections. The paper suggests the standardization of central ...

Introduction

John and Jeff Bulllock are 2nd and 3rd generation medical device executives, respectively. Together, they have been in and out of hundreds of hospitals and thousands of clinics. Over the 40 plus years they have been in the industry, they have been observant of and listened to the medical staff expressing their needs. Out of these necessities, many patents, creations, and the development of new medical devices have come. Most recently, they have witnessed and been told about a growing problem with hospital bed sheets. As they see it, there are three major problems that hospitals face in regards ...

A majority of workers have a common belief that only healthcare personnel are at risk from exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens; however, every worker in an organization can be exposed to it when they least expect it. In order to prevent and secure themselves from these dangerous and infectious organisms, workers must obtain accurate training and be educated about specific precautions, which is the goal of this training program. This training session has been developed to let employees receive education about the hazards linked to bloodborne pathogens and what protective measures they should adopt to prevent themselves from exposure to these ...

Central venous catheter is a device used by medical professionals for infusion therapy. Infusion therapy refers to a broad range of procedures and techniques that clinicians use to deliver fluids and parental treatment of the sick. In the arterial and intravenous therapy, fluids and medications infused into the vascular system using CVL. Clinicians and patients have exposed themselves to risks since the healthcare instituted the use of intra-venous therapy to treat the sick in intensive care unit (Concannon et al., 2014). The most dangerous are exposure to possible bloodbome pathogens, needle stick injuries and CRI or bacteria.

Although the emergence ...

Wounds, whether due to lacerations or incisions, disrupt the integrity of the skin as the body’s first line of defense against infections. Blood vessels are similarly injured resulting in bleeding and significant bleeding if large blood vessels are involved. Hence, wounds must be managed promptly to promote hemostasis, prevent infection, maintain normal body function, and achieve the best cosmetic results (Pfenninger & Fowler, 2010). The method of wound closure is an important consideration as certain methods are better suited for specific types of wounds. There are various procedures employed in closing wounds, namely suturing, skin stapling, taping, ...

Question 1

What might be some potential negative and positive behaviors occurring with the issue of the Muslim nurse’s wearing of the Hijab?

One of the negative behaviors that occur with the issue if Muslim nurse’s wearing of Hijab is frustration. The nurse became frustrated since the Infection Control staff kept on telling her to remove it despite it being a requirement for Muslim women. Another negative behavior that may come up is domination. The Infection Control Staff do not understand that the nurse cannot remove her Hijab. Hence, by using their power, they try to force her to do ...

Change in practice is essential in nursing because it enables medical practitioners to identify the best practices that can help them to offer better medical care to the patients. Many patients are diagnosed with various infections which require to be treated in order to enhance a healthy living. One of the major infections affecting people is Catheter Association Urinary Tract Infections (CA-UTI). This infection is common in acute care settings and thus measures are required in order to address such a problem. CA-UTI is known to occur after three months of postintervention. If this postintervention program is sustained for more than ...

Abstract:

The safety of the healthcare providers, and that of their clients, remains to be of uttermost importance. Thus, there is a need to draw close attention towards saving the lives of healthcare workers and those who dwell within the hospital facility through knowledge increase of the advantages of hand hygiene. This study takes into account some recent researches in connection to hand hygiene and the infections that may come about when the pathogens and the bacteria within the surface of the skin is not washed away. As there are about 2 million people who get infected every year, it is ...

Reducing CAUTI through the Houdini Protocol

A. Identification of the Clinical Issue Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is defined as “a urinary tract infection in a patient who had an indwelling urinary catheter in place at the time of or within 48 hours prior to infection onset” (Amalaradjov & Venkitanarayanan, 2013, p. 357). CAUTI is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) second only to surgical site infections. The most important risk factor to CAUTI is prolonged catheterization. CAUTI is a clinical issue that applies to nursing in the medical-surgical unit as many patients in this setting are catheterized for indications such as surgery, urinary retention, ...

Hand hygiene entails the action of cleaning hands, and it is one of the easiest and effective methods of preventing the spread of microorganisms across the health care setting. There are two ways that healthcare providers can use in cleaning hands that are by using alcohol hand swabs or by use of soap and running water. Effective hand washing is an important practice for the health care providers as it has a significant impact in reducing the spread of hospital-acquired infections (Allegranzi & Pittet, 2009). It is important to note that hand hygiene enhances patients safety and care and should ...

Question 1

Facility protocols refer to the plans and procedures in place to address specific issues that health care Institutions face. Nurses must understand their role in relation to the development and implementation of facility protocols. Discuss any health care facility protocol regarding reporting incidents, disaster planning and emergency response, and security plans.

Response 1

Protocols recognize the least expectations for the public health programs and services. In developing programs and services in excess of minimum requirements, where required to address local needs authorized by the boards of health. The accountability for the implementation of the standards that includes those protocols that are ...

Influenza Vaccine among Health Workers

Influenza Vaccine among Health Workers

Introduction

Evidently, the human body possesses a remarkable capability, which can however be jeopardized by disease. Influenza occurs as one of the widely discussed diseases whose influence on humans has and continues to raise immense concern across various contexts all over the globe. This can be accredited to the fact that this disease occurs as one of the leading causes of respiratory infections. In fact, influenza remains a significant cause of mortality amongst the elderly populations aged above 65 years. Worth noting is the fact that the pathogenicity of influenza is dependent on environmental factors; hence grouping ...

Leadership in Health and Social Care: The challenge of promoting effective teamwork on hand hygiene compliance in an inter-disciplinary environment for team leaders in Hong Kong authority hospitals

Part I

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the single most effective and cost efficient method for preventing and reducing the transmission of hospital acquired infections. Adherence to hand hygiene practices is the most important method of reducing infections in healthcare facilities. Because hands of healthcare workers frequently serve as vectors for the transmission of organisms between patients, and are also a major reservoir for pathogens with antimicrobial resistance, the simple act of washing ones ...

Evidence Based Research Paper

Hand Washing Adherence Evidence Based Research Paper Hand Washing Adherence

Introduction

The concept of cleaning the hands with antiseptic agents originated in the early 19th century. For the subsequent generations, there has been a profound consideration of the practice of hand washing as a depiction of personal hand hygiene in the hospital settings. The issue of hand hygiene emerged with different physicians and pharmacist conducting various studies on the same. For instance, in the early 19th century, a French pharmacist demonstrated the effectiveness of using solutions of soda or chlorides of lime in eradicating foul odors from human corpses. In the ...

Sepsis is a clinical condition that evokes an inflammatory response of the host immune system in response to clinically-suspected infections. It usually occurs in an individual with a weak immune system such as a post-surgery patient, organ transplant patient, cancer patients or an AIDS patient. It spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream. There are several degrees of sepsis such as severe sepsis, septic shock and refractory septic shock (Morrell, Micek & Kollef, 2009) that together make up the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (Mayr, Yende & Angus, 2014). Sepsis and septic shock are some of the leading causes of death in the world, ...

Literature review of CVL

Introduction The management of the sick with serious disease like cancer requires a stable central venous access to be used for a variety of treatment that includes antibiotic and blood samples or product. It also allows the resuscitation of fluid, hemodialysis and parenteral nutrition and cytotoxic chemotherapy to access blood-stream so that medical professionals can observe and microbial culturing of the patient. In addition, it is used to monitor the pressure of central venous. The importance of educating the patient was emphasized too so as to avoid keeping the patients in darkness and not knowing what is happening to them ...

Background in Nursing

I obtained my bachelor’s degree in nursing six years ago. Following graduation and licensure, I was employed in a rehabilitation center. Most of the patients I cared for were post-stroke in need of therapy to achieve optimum functioning and the best quality of life possible. Thus, the care I provided consisted of secondary and tertiary prevention. After one year in the center, I was employed in the adult medical-surgical unit of a community hospital caring for patients with the same conditions as that in rehabilitation but in the acute phase of their illness. The hospital’s nursing service is Magnet ...

Research Question: Do health care workers comply with hand washing strategies at the hospital level?

Annotated Bibliography Asare, A., Enweronu-Laryea, C. C., & Newman, M. J. (2009). Hand hygiene practices in a neonatal intensive care unit in Ghana. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 3(05), 352-356. In this study, the researchers sought to assess hand hygiene practices and the nature of patient contact in physicians and nurses at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Ghana. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional, lasted two weeks, and the amount time of observation daily was 5 hours. The researchers assessed compliance to alcohol rub as well. Compliance to hand washing before and after patient contact ...

Lesson 10: Disaster Planning

Lesson 11: Safety and Infection Control Lesson 12: Facility Building and Maintenance Lesson 10: Disaster Planning - Discuss what you think the administrator’s role should be in developing, activating, and evaluating the facility’s disaster and emergency preparedness plan. Explain why that role is important. A disaster preparedness plan is useless if employees do not know how the plan functions. Consequently, in my opinion the administrator’s role should be training employees to develop, activate as well as evaluate the present disaster plan’s efficiency. Already there are building and safety regulations established by ...

Introduction

Marburg virus disease (formerly known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever) is a severe zoonotic (animal-borne) disease, affecting both humans and non-primates. The source of infection for primates is unknown. However, research indicates that bats mainly infect the humans. The Ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belongs to the filovirus family. Filoviruses belong to the order Mononegavirales. These viruses are enveloped, non-segmented, and negative-stranded. Marburg virus and Ebolavirus are the two genera of Filoviradae family. The only species in the genus Marburg virus is Lake Victoria margburg virus (Center for Food Security and Public Health, 2009, p.1). The virus has caused epidemics in ...

Clean pull handle.

COMPANY OVERVIEW Introduction Mission Vision We believe we can mount a successful fight against preventable contagious infections and keep people healthy. Shelton Sanitary Systems is a startup that commenced its operations in February 2013 by a team of six tech savvy youngsters and a former senior marketer at freehold. It is a limited company that specializes in the Clean Pull and Turn Clean monitoring systems. It utilizes the modern and recent developments in the information technology industry. It is supported by a complex system of mobile devices support and a combination of software that are able to disseminate the data in ...

Of principal concern is the prevention and control of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by medical practitioners in intensive care units (ICUs). VAP is one of the most frequently reported infections acquired by patients under mechanical ventilation healthcare. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) persists to be a frequent and potentially deadly complication of ventilator care (Chulay, 2005), often occurring within environments characteristic of the intensive care unit (ICU) that are high-tech and high touch. Patients who are ventilated and intubated present the unique challenge for critical care registered nurses (RNs) to incorporate evidence-informed practices concerning the delivery of high-quality care (Crunden, 2005). Ventilator-Associated ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), defined as pneumonia that was absent or not developing at intubation, is the second most common hospital acquired infection (Bahrt, 2009, p. 49). It is the most prevalent hospital acquired infection amongst mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units with an estimated 10-20% incidence rate in some hospitals. It affects approximately 28% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for >48 hours (Button, Culmer, Southard, & Donaldosn, 2005). Patients on mechanical ventilation for >24 hours are 6 to 21 times more likely to acquire VAP than patients not on ventilator support. VAP is the ...

Pre-Operative Shaving of the Surgery Site

Changing the Practice Shaving the Surgery Site A1. The preoperative process of shaving the surgery site is a common medical practice that is believed to be necessary to avoid the risk of the surgery incision area from being infected. When a patient is scheduled for a surgery, practitioners’ advice patients to shave the surgery site prior to the surgery procedure. For the longest time, the medical practice believes that the culprit to surgical site infection was due to the hair follicles being contaminated with bacteria. Surgical site infection was reported to be the third most occurring incident of nosocomial infection among ...

This case study entitled “Airborne Infection Control Case Study: Bay Oaks” (n.d.) describes a rare success story in the fight against Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) or “superbugs” as they are sometimes called. This Miami assisted-living facility has virtually eliminated HAIs, using a system called Novaerus HAI Eradication Technology that filters and processes all the air within the building, including all common areas and the rooms occupied by the home’s residents. A typical resident in Bay Oaks is 84 years old and female, and the oldest resident is 102. A spokesperson noted that if a resident becomes ill and needs hospitalizing, they ...

METHODOLOGY

This study is intended to be conducted prospectively in a 375-bedded educational hospital facility. This study will be carried out in a 6 month period running from November 2013 to April 2014. In regard to the methodology for this study, all patients admitted during this period will be examined and included in this research for every day detection of any form of Hospital acquired infection, also referred to as nosocomial infections, which ranges from Surgical site infections (SSI), Pneumonia (PNEU), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), blood stream and Lung infections among many others (Warrell, 2003, p.17). Through a quantitative ...

Healthcare and Child Care in Queensland (Australia)

- Abstract Healthcare and child care are challenging issues, particularly in a culturally diverse country like Australia. There are different opinions depending upon personal and political divisions. Career in these fields, demands knowledge and understanding of statutory standards and professional obligations related to safety and well-being of children and healthcare seekers. This paper discusses relevant issues of this profession. - Sustainability of Environment The land is 10km from city and in a commercial zone. The area is covered in gravel and uneven. The perimeter fence is made of galvanised steel mesh. While the location cannot be changed, the ...

Nursing care delivery models describe which roles the healthcare provider needs to perform, the responsibilities for treatment outcome, and which healthcare worker has the authority in decision-making. Examples of nursing care delivery models include primary nursing, team nursing, total patient care, functional nursing, and progressive patient care. Furthermore, each model can be modified to adapt it for different demands. For example, the partnership care delivery model a modification of the primary nursing model, and modular nursing is a modification of the team nursing model. According to a systematic review by Fernandez, Johnson, Tran, and Miranda (2012), team nursing proved to be ...

INTRODUCTION

Every year, many lives are usually lost due to the spread of infections in the hospitals. Although all hospitals have infection control procedures and policies, the risk of infections seems to be impossible to completely eliminate. In the course of my clinical nursing experience, I have noted that these infections that are mostly picked up during a patients stay in the hospital mostly ranges from lung infections, urinary tract infections, Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and blood stream infections among many others (Amos & Waugh,2010). These are commonly known as hospital-acquired infections (HIA). In this paper, I will expound on the ...

Influenza is a disease caused by a virus that is passed from person to person through exposure to fluid droplets that contain the virus. Thus, the majority of transmission is caused by physically being coughed or sneezed upon or coming in contact with a surface shortly after it had been coughed or sneezed upon (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2008). Symptoms of influenza infection include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, headaches, and fatigue. The one universal symptom of influenza is the fever (CDC, 2011). The primary approach for combating influenza is prevention, through vaccination. ...

1.0 Background Information on SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged febrile lower respiratory viral disease that has been described in Asia, Europe, North America and recently Middle East. The disease was first reported in Asia, specifically in Guangdong Province of Southern China, in late 2002. It then spread to Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, Canada, Taiwan, Thailand, Canada, the U.K, U.S and Slovenia at an unprecedented rate, so that in a period of weeks it had spread to 37 countries and was thus a pandemic of global concern in 2003. SARS is reported to be the first global ...

Selection Criteria

Before the author answer the question, it is prudent to define what a selection criterion is. The term selection criterion refers to the statement which describes the qualifications, skills, knowledge, abilities and he required experience for a particular job. This paper shall examine selection criteria.

Situation: nurse at organization ABC.

My task was promoting patient comfort and the body alignment including: Bed making Positioning of patient help with continence management, use safe and effective infection control measures and standard precautions including: Clean and clinical hand hygiene and the use of the personal protective equipment.

Action

Some of the action performed while in the organization include ensuring appropriate ...

It is estimated that almost two million hospital patients in the United States contract a hospital acquired infection (HAI) every year, which is one out of every twenty patients (“Hand Hygiene Basics.”) These HAIs are responsible for close to 100,000 deaths per year (Anti Microbial Copper.) HAIs also cost the US healthcare system between $4.5–5.7 billion per year (Collins). It is every hospital administrator’s top concern to address this risk to protect their patients. HAIs are primarily attributed to a small handful of bacteria: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Clostrudium difficille, Psueudonomas aerciginasa ...

Influenza can be introduced in correctional institutions like prisons, rehabilitation centers or in long term care facilities by newly admitted prisoners, civilians or even by health care providers. An outbreak of influenza in such institutions can lead to severe and fatal illnesses. Confirmed or suspected cases of influenza in prisons are therefore taken with a lot of seriousness, control and prevention measures are initiated immediately. Prevention of influenza virus in prison requires a multi – faceted approach that includes vaccination, surveillance, testing, infection control, and treatment and anti viral chemoprophylaxis.

Vaccination – this should be provided routinely to inmates, civilians and caregivers ...

Clinical Excellence

In a society that is as wealthy and as medically advanced as the United States is today, it is difficult to imagine that there exist shortages of anything, including medical supplies. It would seem that a priority would be given to ensure that all necessary medical supplies would be available at all facilities throughout the country. It would be most expected that the private, for profit, healthcare facilities that could afford to pay for all of the medical supplies that it needed would be fully stocked at all times. Shockingly, this is not the case.

The United States is a capitalistic society. ...

Introduction to MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial strain of S. aureus that that has developed a resistance to certain types of antibiotics, including methicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and amoxicillin (Farley 2008). The types of infections differ according to whether the MRSA infection was acquired in the hospital setting (HA-MRSA) or whether it was a community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infection. The most severe MRSA infections are those acquired in health care facilities and include infections of the bloodstream or surgical wounds, and pneumonia. MRSA bacteremia is often fatal, thus timely and aggressive intervention is critical in patients at high risk of death; for example, ...

V. Intervention Decision

Discussion of implications for practice that can be drawn from results of EBP inquiry

Specific Evidence Based Practice Intervention Evidence Based Model to be applied Influence of patients, administration and team members on implementation Ability to implement based on resources and clinical setting

V1.Implementation Plan

The intervention decision pertaining to this project relates to the PICOT question, ‘in the hospital setting how does the use of central venous catheters (CVC) compare to the use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) influence the risk of infection rate? After completing a comprehensive literature search and review this researcher is committed to making an intervention decision to inform future evidence ...

Assignment topic: Infection control

Email: Length: 1987 words excluding references and coverage Primary Research Chosen for Infection Control analysis: Amy M. Treakle, MD, Kerri A. Thom, MD, Jon P. Furuno, PhD, Sandra M. Strauss, BS M(ASCP), Anthony D. Harris, MD, MPH, and Eli N. Perencevich, M. (2010). Bacterial contaminations of health care workers' white coats. Am J Infect Control 37(2): 101–105.

1.1 SUMMARY The issue that white coats worn by the medical staff being contaminated with hospital acquired infections causing microorganisms has raised concern among the population and the whole medical body. According to a research ...

Hygiene refers to the practices that communities perceive as upholding or preserving healthy living, while an infection is an attack of parasites on a host organism. Hospitals being public places where both sick and healthy people mingle are likely to be more vulnerable to infections compared to other places. The sources of infections in hospitals include hospital staff, patients and the inanimate environment.

Maintenance of hand hygiene is one of the simplest yet most effective methods in prevention of infections. In spite of the society emphasizing on the importance of hand hygiene, many people including health care personnel, do not ...

Experimental design chosen

The aim of the research proposal is to investigate the impacts of various hand hygiene techniques on transient flora and consequently, overall hospital hygiene and the reduction of infections in the hospital. A quasi experimental technique based on a randomized block design shall be chosen. The blocks shall be based on the techniques of hand hygiene and their impacts on transient responsible for infections. Therefore the blocks shall be; (1) social hand washing, (2) careful hand washing, (3) hygienic hand disinfection and lastly surgical hand disinfection. An equal number of persons practising each of the techniques shall be selected.

Randomized ...

Hygiene and Infection in Hospitals

Hygiene refers to the practices that communities perceive to uphold as preserving healthy living, while an infection is an attack of parasites on a host organism, (Pittet, 2007). Outstanding hygiene practices are paramount in our lives in order to prevent infection and ultimately diseases. Hospitals being public places where both sick and healthy people mingle ought to be hygienically maintained in order to prevent infections (Bloomfield, Aiello, Cookson, O’Boyle, Larson, 2007). The sources of infections in hospitals include hospital staff, patients and the inanimate environment.

It is crucial to maintain hygiene in hospitals to prevent and control infection to ...

Introduction

There are a lot of ways to tackle an existing or a relatively new disease and one of the most effective ones is by proper conduct of infection control procedures. Infections are most common in hospitals where even the health workers (what more the patients) could be affected. According to an article published by Medline (2011), a lot of people die inside hospitals simply because of poor infection control SOPs. A result of poor infection control often results in a spread of infection.

Objectives of Infection Control

Every individual is vulnerable to suffer from serious illnesses especially the ones that are contagious. One of the primary aims ...

Abstract

Hospitals globally need to ensure that they shift concerns to the concept of risk management. This allows for the identification, evaluation and prioritization of risks within the hospital environment. The process promotes good health among workers and patients by simply providing measures that may be implemented to combat risks that may adversely affect the well being of workers and patients and the public in general. There are a lot of risks that may be experienced within a hospital setting. Among them is the risk of acquiring infectious disease. Therefore this calls for need of infection control from the perspective of ...

Hospital Acquired Infections A hospital acquired infection is an infection that is acquired by a patient while receiving treatment in hospital. The patient was admitted in hospital for the treatment of a different disease however on being discharged it is discovered he has acquired an infection during his stay. These infections are known as nosocomial infections. Researchers released a report that stated that hospital acquired infections killed 48,000 people every year. Sepsis and Pneumonia were found to be the most common infections. The hospital discharge records of forty states were examined in the period 1998 and 2006 showing the infections cost $ ...

Introduction

Injections are among the most common health care procedures throughout the world but there is a general reluctance among some people to accept the injection without cleaning the location with alcohol swab. According to World Health Organization, there is a no need to routinely apply alcohol swab for the skin preparation before subcutaneous, intra-dermal and intramuscular injection. For the purpose of this survey, the term injection refers to intramuscular, intra-dermal and subcutaneous injections: it does not include intravenous or intra-articular injections. In medical health care, an injection is the introduction of a drug, vaccine, contraceptive or other therapeutic agent into the body ...