Essays on Infections

Ethiopia is a land-locked nation, and it is situated in the Horn of Africa. In 2013, the country had a populace of 94.1 million people. The life expectancy in the same year was 62.77 years while the GDP was $47.53 billion. The GDP and GNI per capita are $505.05 and $129.6 billion respectively by the year 2013 ("Ethiopia | Data," 2014). Malaria is a severe pandemic in Ethiopia whereby 75% of the country's land is prone to malaria while more than 54 million populates are at risk of contracting the disease. The disease-causing parasites prevalent in this country are the ...

Executive Summary: Eliminating Discharge Delays

Executive Summary: Eliminating Discharge Delays Bed capacity has emerged as a critical issue in hospital quality management with evidence indicating that inefficient discharges contribute to slow care and patient flow while further increasing costs. Changes made to the prospective payment system by Medicare in recent years have increased pressure on hospitals to cut costs through, among other ways, reducing patient length of stay (LOS) (El-Eid et al., 2015).

‘Eliminating discharge delays’ is a quality management project that focuses on reducing patient length of stay and as such improving hospital throughput. The project entails implementation of several strategies that collectively ...

Milestones in Public Heath Informatics

There are several milestones in public health informatics history and one of them is specialization. The health field is vast and has many fields of concern to help the patients recover from various health complications and illnesses. Initially a doctor was supposed to be able to handle any health complications regardless of any aspects. Currently, the various areas that medical practitioners can specialize are such as disease prevention, epidemiology, laboratory health informatics, epidemiology among others (Yasnoff, O'carroll, Koo, Linkins & Kilbourne, 2000). With specialization in different fields and progress in information technology, the various areas of health concern can be ...

Public Health

Public Health Today, many diseases, which emerge can be transmitted to a large number of population in different parts of the world. Everyone is vulnerable, even though technology and other health care informatics are evolving every day. However, there are efforts from different professionals in the medical field to address all health concerns and diseases that target the human species. In 2015, the Zika virus disease has been identified as a local transmission in Brazil and continue to spread through different areas of the United States. In the following year, travel-associated cases have been reported to increase. In addition ...

Is Hand washing more effective in Infection Reduction versus Gel Hand Sanitizers?

Is Hand washing more effective in Infection Reduction versus Gel Hand Sanitizers?

Introduction

Today, the burden of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are drawing attention not only from governments and health care regulatory bodies but also from patients and more so from health care practitioners (HCPs) themselves. This phenomenon is not merely because of the magnitude of the problem regarding the associated incidences of mortality, cost, and complexity of treatment, and morbidity, but also due to the growing recognition and understanding that, most of these complications are preventable. The medical fraternity is thus witnessing in tandem unprecedented improvements in the spread ...

InstitutionalAffiliation

Staph Infections Definition of Staph Infections The word “Staph” is a short form of the word “Staphylococci” which is the name of the bacteria that causes various infections. Staphylococcal infections, commonly referred to as Staph infections are a group of infections caused by the said bacteria. The infections can result in a wide range of infections including skin infections, lung infections, heart infections and blood infections. Most of these infections are caused by a group of Staphylococci bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. This group of bacteria is responsible for various infections including skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, blood poisoning and ...

Introduction

Operation performance of the organization influences significantly the satisfaction of the patients and the financial progress of the hospital. Evaluations of the metrics that determine the operation performance in the healthcare are critical in determining the quality of the healthcare given by the hospital to the patients and the influence of the quality of the healthcare to the satisfaction of the sick and to the financial performance of the clinic. The leaders of the Healing hand hospital had realized value-based quality of healthcare was the key driving aspect in the healing industry. Determination of the performance of the clinic ...

Summary: APSIC Guide for prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLASBI)

The recommendations provided for insertion are optimal site selection, hand hygiene, alcohol based chlorhexidine skin preparation and maximum barrier precautions (Ling et al 2016). It is important to know the proper catheter infection site because it can affect the risk of infection and phlebitis. It is preferred to use subclavian site for adult patients. Hand hygiene is also important because it provides protection before the catheter insertion and maintenance. There should be proper aesthetic technique. Alcohol based chlorhexhidine in skin preparation is the standard procedure used in central and peripheral venous catheters. Lastly, maximum barrier precautions must be done ...

Background of the Study

The problem of HIV and AIDS has become a global one in the short time since the identification of the virus. Although there is no vaccine to protect against the virus, knowledge and education are two powerful shields against infection—and it has become clear in recent years that impoverished women in the developing world are particularly heavily impacted by HIV transmission and development of AIDS (UNAIDS, 2016). The goal of finding a way to slow or completely halt the spread of HIV and the development of AIDS has been an epidemiological conundrum for many years. Promoting health and ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus has existed for centuries. Like all life forms and viruses, it has been changing and adapting since the beginning of time to survive. Despite this the disease did not make itself known until the twentieth century. However, once the virus revealed itself only three major outbreaks have occurred. There were two in 1976 and one which took started in 2014 (CDC, 2015). The latest outbreak has been the longest and worst, effecting numerous countries such as, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal in West Africa (CDC, 2015). This paper will look at the scientific aspects of the ...

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is based on the formation of insulin deficiency and an increase in blood glucose levels. Among metabolic disorders the diabetes occupies a second place after obesity. In the world about 10% of the population suffer from diabetes, however, when one considers hidden form of the disease, this figure can be 3-4 times higher. Diabetes develops due to chronic deficiency of insulin and it is accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. By interfacing with other diseases endocrinology highlights symptomatic (secondary) and true diabetes. Symptomatic diabetes accompanies diseases of the endocrine ...

Over the next several years, the contributions of Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) to the economic and health vitality of the surrounding communities are expected to grow due to the ongoing changes in the hospital’s healthcare system. For example, between fiscal years 2015 and 2019, Johns Hopkins Health Service (JHHS) has planned to invest almost $797 million in constructing new medical facilities and renovating existing facilities (Appleseed, 2015). The investment is expected to translate into jobs for residents in nearby communities. Most importantly, however, the investment will increase the capacity of JHH to meet the healthcare needs of the ...

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Description of HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens and destroys the immune system of the body so that the body cannot defend the infection. HIV positive person also possesses AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and if HIV is treated at its early stage, the risk of AIDS can be averted. If an HIV-positive person is diagnosed with AIDS, it means that the complete destruction of the immune system has been accomplished by the HIV and that increase the vulnerability of the patient towards various opportunistic infections. The ...

Understanding Cleft Palate

Thesis Statement: Recently, cases of cleft palate cases are reported to be increasing. Parents in all part of the world can be worried about facial deformation that results from cleft palate more so if they do not have a good understanding of what cleft palate is. However, the deformities, just like a lot of congenital defects can be managed to make it plausible for patients to lead a normal life.

Search strategy and evaluation of resources:

Cleft palate and other facial malformation can be so detrimental to a child in many different ways. However, the author alludes that the invention of many fascinating clinical interventional ...

Introduction

Unexpected medical expenses are very common, and they are frustrating when they happen. These medical requirements have to be met, and this necessitates the need to have an insurance cover. The US federal government offers health insurance programs called Medicare and Medicaid that cater for the financial burden for aged and poor citizens respectively (Rowland & Lyons, 1996). A hospital that accepts Medicare or Medicaid as pay sources is very sensitive to its clients. Furthermore, a hospital should satisfy its customers fully and reduce the cost of medical services for them (Rowland & Lyons, 1996). This paper analyzes quality initiatives that ...

Executive Summary

The Purpose of the Project Catheter-related urinary tract infections are common in the hospital due to the widespread inappropriate use of urinary catheterization, in health care facilities. To achieve a holistic approach to catheter-related infection, there should be a dedicated team of professionals to offer personalized, and patient-centered care consisting of nurses, cardiologists, radiologists, and physicians specialized in vascular access.

The Types of Data Collection

For this process to be completely successful, three primary tools will be useful in evaluating the quality initiative. They include a cause analysis, SWOT which will determine the organization's ability to provide a good environment improvement to thrive and ...

Introduction

Nurses play an integral, challenging, and complex role in the healthcare system. Nurses are considered as the backbone of the complex and diverse system that comprises patients and a multidisciplinary team of experts. Nurses are educated and trained to cater to a large group of patients and often seek continuing education and upgrade their skills and knowledge. It is only through clinical exposure that nurses learn and implement new strategies and techniques. Nurses are known to transform the healthcare system by acting as mediators between the patient population and the medical team (physicians and other allied healthcare members). Through ...

Healthcare can best be defined as the maintaining as well as the improving of one’s health through various aspects such as treatment, vaccination and so on. The deliverance of health care is mostly done by professionals of health in all fields. The access to health care services has been observed to vary across various countries, regions, ethnicities, social groups in society as well as individuals (Healthy People 2011). However, the main factors influencing access to health services have been reported to be the social as well as economic conditions of a particular place. The access to quality healthcare ...

Introduction

The situation is getting out of control at Good Health Hospital (Tampa Bay) since the outbreak of Escherichia coli, a specie of bacteria that can be found in many daily items. The incident involved Ward 10, which is located in the second floor. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that the investigation of the bacterial source must begin with the hospital kitchen as the bacterium can be transmitted through contaminated vegetables and delicatessen meats (e.g. salami and other cold cuts). The Epidemiological Summary provides a brief description of the data obtained. Environmental review ...

Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention

Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention The proposed public health leadership theory was developed to identify public health interventions that can address risky sexual behavior in teenagers, which is associated with teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence in teenagers. The risk factors contributing to risky sexual behaviors in the teenage population and the interventions public health leaders can use to address those factors are presented in Figure 1. Figure 1. Public health leadership theory on interventions for addressing risk factors associated with risky sexual behaviors in teenagers. Teen sex behaviors can be influenced by their socioeconomic ...

This project educates personnel on preventing and mitigating cases of hospital-acquired infections in the facility. The issue drew the attention of the QI department after a patient succumbed to an untreatable CRE infection in a recent incident. Upon an investigation, the department determined that HAIs had become an issue worth addressing given obvious causes such as lack of communication, supervision, and improper hand hygiene policies (Barnett, 2015). The data and tools used to make decisions on project implementation include adequate surveillance systems aimed at monitoring and improving relations at field level. Some of the set QI milestones include educating ...

Part 1

Question 1 According to the World Bank Health expenditure per capita (current US$) report, Kenya’s health expenditure per person is 77.679 USD, which is higher compared to other countries in the region; Tanzania’s is 51.717 USD and Uganda’s is 52.294 USD. Additionally, it is higher than the East Africa’s average of 60 USD. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 36 doctors per 100,000 people which Kenya has not attained seeing that their current rate is at 17 physicians per 100,000 people (Gatura and Mbaluku 2). The number of physicians refers to ...

The Map of Haiti and others countries in the Caribbean

Haiti Acknowledgement This Cholera Proposal would not be having been possible without the support of “the Hinckley Institute at the University of Utah who gives me opportunity to serve the world and to see the good in the world. I am grateful to those who provided guidance and support during my internship at Medical Care Development International from ministry of health in Haiti (MSPP) I’m thankful my best Dr. Benavente Louis for his valuable contributions to this proposal. I’m thankful to Dr. Pablo Paolo and for Dr Jeff Wendell their leadership support of my research for this ...

Adult Vaccination

Vaccination is an exercise that has been practiced for decades and is considered as an efficient way of managing communicable diseases. Adult vaccination has significant impacts on enhancing public health as it reduces health complications or deaths from infectious (Tan, 2015). However, most people do not appreciate the need for adult vaccination, an aspect that has led to low rates of adult immunization. This paper evaluates adult vaccination as a health care policy by discussing why the issue is gaining attention from different decision makers across the globe. The study further reveals on the right approach to utilize on ...

Introduction

Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited blood ailment. Those suffering from Sickle Cell Disease have abnormal S/ sickle hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood that aids in carrying oxygen throughout the body. The ailment takes its appellation from the shape of the red blood cells of a person affected by Sickle Cell Disease, which have the shape of a sickle. They are stiff and adhesive rather than a disk like normal cells. The misshapen cells tend to get trapped in the small blood vessels hindering the movement of ...

The case is based on acute right quadrant abdominal pain of Mrs. DC who comes to the emergency department. She states that the pain occurred after dinner and has steadily increased. She complains that the pain has increased substantially which has moved towards her back. She also reports to feel bloated and gassy (Yarmish, et al. 2014). The cause of upper right quadrant pain can be due to varied reasons which is based on the general conditions, age, and sex of the patient (Mazzei, et al. 2013). The medical history and physical examination of the patient would help in ...

Introduction

Hand hygiene is largely recognized as an effective method for minimizing incidences of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). However, despite the development of various guidelines to improve hand hygiene, the compliance with these guidelines as well as the best practices pertaining to hand hygiene by the healthcare providers is suboptimal. As a result of poor compliance, incidences of HAIs have continued to increase thereby raising huge concerns due to the associated consequences such as increased length of hospital stay and health spending. As such, there is a huge need to assess and understand the various factors that hinder optimal compliance with ...

The Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance: Has our use of Antibiotics Caused more Problems than it has solved?

Antibiotics are medicines which have bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties and used in treatment or prevention of microbial diseases (NPS 2012). Antibiotics a have been in existence for a long time and were initially known as antibiosis which meant against life, and by Jean Paul Vuillemin first used this term. He used the word to describe the properties which were exhibited by the early antibacterial drugs. In 1877 Antibiosis was first described by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch when they observed the inhibition of growth of Bacillus anthracis by an airborne bacillus. In 1928 penicillin was identified by Alexander Fleming. ...

2017-01-02

Abstract The issue of such parasitic disease as toxoplasmosis is presented in this paper. This disease is caused by the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. The cases of toxoplasmosis are more prevalent in African countries and countries of Latin and South America. The toxoplasmosis usually has final and intermediary owners: domestic animals (primarily cats) are the intermediary owners and they can infect human. There are different forms of the toxoplasmosis. The adult organism with the strong immune system may not even notice that he is sick. At the same time, the common symptoms of the toxoplasmosis are similar to the acute ...

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

Background: Clinical Description

The disease causing agent, Coccioides spp., causes a wide range of illness, but these illness are mostly determined by the hosts' defenses, inoculum size and possibly specific organism virulence. Most of the clinical infections (about 60%) show few or no respiratory symptoms. However, the rest 40% may show symptoms of illness that may either be acute or sub-acute. The illness could range from progressive pneumonia to flu-like conditions. Misdiagnosis usually occurs in self-limited community-acquired pneumonia. According to Saubolle, McKeller & Sussland (2007), only 29% of 56 people who had community-acquired pneumonia were diagnosed of coccidioidomycosis. The exact ...

Integrating of Evidence-Based Practice into Professional Nursing Practice

The nursing care field and professionals face a series of problems that need to be addressed. The evidence-based model used to investigate the issues facing nursing care involves identifying questions, location, assessment, and evaluation (Richter & Austin, 2012). It is based on the PICO elements that include the problem, intervention, comparison, and outcome. Additionally, search methods and studies are used to obtain data.

Does the use of masks reduce acquired infections or hazards during the nursing care? P- The problem at hand is the risks that nurses experience when performing their duties. The hazards include the exposure to pathogens, germs, ...

COMPLETE EXAM USING Powerpoints CH. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

COMPLETE EXAM USING HW & BB assignments, CWP, and study guides.

Each question is worth UP TO 10 points. TOTAL EXAM POINTS = 100 points

REVIEW POINT VALUES FOR EACH QUESTION

**YOU CAN ANSWER QUESTIONS in order 1-10, (OR): **PICK & CHOOSE any number of questions to ANSWER among Questions 1-10

For FULL 10 points/Question, ANSWER ALL PARTS OF QUESTION “CORRECTLY”

*For example, Q1 has 9 parts (letters a-i).

ALL 9 parts must be answered “CORRECTLY” for 10 points!

LATE EXAMS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED (0 points)!! Submit ORIGINAL WORK. Submit ORIGINAL WORK!! Question 1: 10 points POSSIBLE (MUST ANSWER ALL PARTS OF QUESTION) Define “INTENSITY” and “TYPE” of aerobic exercise. Aerobic intensity can be derived by finding ...

During the second week, the CRP analysis was performed in the class. Blood testing for C-reactive protein aids in the rapid identification and verification of the progress and effectiveness of the treatment of infections, injuries and inflammation. The analysis was conducted to determine the acute infectious diseases, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases (amyloidosis), monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment (pneumonia, septicemia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, etc.) (Arinzon Z. et al., 2011, p.365). In addition, it helps to define the determination of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis, diabetes but also on chronic hemodialysis ...

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Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

Click Chemistry describes the biocompatible reactions that are high yielding, that are very simple to perform, have wide scope, that need no chromatography to remove their byproducts and that can be conducted in easily removable solvents. The synthesis of first triazole was reported by Arthur Michael in 1893. In the 20th century, Huisgen discovered the catalyst of copper, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition which required the temperature of 100 degree Celsius. This reaction of copper is a highly versatile reaction which does not require any specific reaction conditions and can easily be performed with various solvents, wide temperature range and pH, ...

Introduction

Zika virus also termed as ZIKV is a known to have gained worldwide attention, especially in the USA, South East Asia, and Australia. The Zika belongs to the Flaviviridae family which comes under the genus Flavivirus (Wikan & Smith. 2016). The Zika virus is spread though day time mosquitoes belonging to the Aedes family. Some of the most common mosquitoes to contain and spread Zika include A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The name of Zika originated in 1947 where it was first isolated from the Zika forest in Uganda. Based on evidence, the Zika virus was associated with varying viral ...

There are many different types of virus and bacteria that can have a negative effect on the human body; some are internal, while others are external. One such bacterium is Staphylococcus, which leads to infection in many human beings. The Staphylococcus bacteria is responsible for a number of different types of infections, they are described as being spheroid shaped, gram-stain positive sometimes seen in singular, in pairs, or very often in clusters; this is often contributed to being described as a bunch of grapes (Davis 1). Human beings are most susceptible to two specific strains, staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus ...

Between 19th October and 1st December 2015, the CDC reported an outbreak of the Escherichia coli O26 (STEC 026) in Delaware, California, Illinois, Oregon, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Washington, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. The CDC linked the outbreak to Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurants.

The intestinal symptoms of E. coli infection show up within the first five days after infection and may include:

Loss of appetite Gas Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Sudden watery diarrhea that may turn to bloody stool Cramping of the abdomen Fever In severe cases, the skin becomes pale, urine in blood, a decrease in urine output, and dehydration (Pietrangelo and Kim). Infected people per state include Another short outbreak of a different strain of STEC O26 ...

The purpose of this paper is to present a research proposal for nurse hand hygiene practices in a hospital setting. The paper will provide an introduction and literature review in order to identify gaps in the literature with respect to hand hygiene practice in hospitals. Finally, the paper will present a research project to address the issue. 1. Introduction The relationship between nosocomial infections and hand hygiene has long been understood and established with Larson’s publication in 1988. Although hand washing had been established as a cornerstone of nursing practice, by 2003 compliance in hand hygiene in hospitals ...

Believing to have originated in non-human primates in Africa and transferred to humans either by the ingestion of non- human primate meat or by a transfer of bodily fluid possibly from handling infected meat. The disease was first seen in the United States around 1982. The initial cases involved homosexual men and intravenous drug users who all developed pneumocystis carinii, which occurs in people with compromised immune systems for no discernable reason. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is an incurable lentivirus that eventually becomes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). A lentivirus is a virus that cause illnesses that last a long ...

Introduction

Sub- capital fracture of the femoral neck is a common injury among the ageing population and is regarded as “unsolvable fractures”. This is a growing health concern in every country as the healthcare expenditure is very high. The surgical options, especially for elderly population, highly depend on the patient’s profile, their preference and the experience of the surgeon . Mrs. Pollard, 75- year- old, sustained a left sub- capital fractured neck of femur. Due to her age and her other complications such as hypertension and Type- 2 diabetes, a total hip replacement might be a better surgical option as ...

Down syndrome was said to be the first intellectual disability syndrome and, at the same time, the most common form of genetic intellectual disability. People started to become aware of this syndrome when Esquirol (1845) wrote about it, although it was Down (1887) who first created an accurate description of the said syndrome (Scorza et al., 2011, p.719). It is one of the most common congenital chromosome anomaly, in which there happens to be “one extra copy of chromosome 21 in cells in the body” (Down Syndrome Ireland, 2013, p.3). This irregularity may thus, affect the physical and intellectual ...

Reading Data

This evaluation was concentrated on review two set of research studies conducted before and after the Olympic Games in London 2012. The first study was performed by Selvanayagam et al. (2012) before the Olympics Games commenced. The study sought to know the influence of the games in the health sector by performing a content analysis on the areas covered by media during the pre-games in Newham. The research used data as reported in the media regarding the employees, increased activities and personal wellbeing. After the review of 351 articles that met the selection tactics were considered within the analysis ( ...

ANATOMY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

The urinary tract, simply put, is the bodies system of drainage through which excess water and wastes are removed from the body. It is a multi-organ system consisting of the two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys are small organs that assume the shape of a bean and are equivalently the size of a normal human fist. They are located below the rib cage, each of them on either side of the spine. Wastewater (urine) moves from the kidneys downwards through two narrow tubes known as ureters, and it is then stored in the bladder, ...

1. Choose one of the following issues: depression, drug addiction, workplace fatalities, or obesity. Describe a specific way that a community that has a high number of people with that issue could help fix this issue by using methods based on each of the following: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. [6%] Primary care in general is provided by a nursing staff or a physician or an assistant. One is responsible for the maintenance of health and for treating the illness in patients or refers the patient to specialists if needed. Obesity is a growing concern in US and in ...

STIs (Sexually transmitted infections) include all infections that an individual can get infected with through sexual intercourse. These diseases used to be called venereal diseases, and the most common types of STIs include gonorrhea, hepatitis, HIV, Chlamydia, and syphilis. However, there are some other bacterial infections that affect sex organs due to effects of harmful bacteria. These infections such as bacterial vaginosis do not necessarily have to be spread through having sex (CDC, 2014). This paper will consider gonorrhea and congenital syphilis and discuss the age ranges as well as the infection rates for the two infections. The paper ...

Indwelling Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

In the article, Poudel, Baniya and Pokhrel (2009) conduct a prospective study to investigate the microbiological profile as well as the resistance pattern of the strains that cause urinary tract infection associated with the use of Foley’s Catheter. In the study, 100 catheterized adult patients, all above the age of 16, in a hospital participated. The patients used the indwelling Foley’s catheters for both short and long intermediate purposes. 3 ml urine samples were aseptically taken from the patients at the repeat of the catheterization and repeated on unevenly in subsequent days and weekly until the patient ...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease also known as COPD is a group of diseases which make breathing difficult by obstructing airflow and causing other breathing related problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). This disease which is described by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as progressive because it worsens over time includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma in some cases (CDC, 2013; NHLBI, 2013a). In developing countries, poor quality of indoor air is suspected to play a major role in the disease development and progression whereas in the Unites States, tobacco smoke is reported ...

In a time when Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) have become a global concern, there is a universal consensus on the importance of hand washing in both clinical and non-clinical settings. However, research in this field are yet to reach an agreement on whether hand sanitizers work more effectively than soap and water for healthcare workers during patient care. In this light, the current paper summarizes two articles exploring the subject of hand washing and hand sanitizers. More specifically, this paper will rate and evaluate the strength of evidence found in both articles. The principle aim of this paper is to ...

Social Change Impact of the Project

The applied project is aimed at transforming the social fabrics of the ACB community living in Canada, especially on issues revolving on HIV prevention. Previous chapters have been focused in discussing social deliverables that can help tone down the high rate of HIV prevalence rates as well as stigmatization among the ACB community members, therefore, this section conclude the social impact of the interventions so far discussed in these sections. The first and a core social change impact of this intervention relate to its ability to reduce the higher prevalence rates of HIV in the society. This fact comes ...

It is no doubt that healthcare providers, clinicians, and nurses must utilize their skills that they draw from various practice-based researches that has been carried out to improve health outcomes of their patients. However, they have underutilized some interventions that have been proven or demonstrated to be effective and efficient in improving the health outcomes of their patients (Leeman & Sandelowski 2012). Therefore, there is more need to utilize or exploit the qualitative inquiries to attain practice-based evidence that comes from practices and experiences of nurses and healthcare providers to achieve more evidence-based practice that is desired (Leeman & Sandelowski 2012). ...

Developing a Surveillance and Monitoring Program

What action can you take when an outbreak is reported close to home? Background SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the SARS Coronavirus. Coronaviruses are mostly found in poultry with only a few strains hosted by humans. In the past, Coronaviruses only caused mild flu infections. However, in recent years, the coronaviruses SARS and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) have been associated with causal problems for acute respiratory conditions. Further scientific reports have shown that SARS Coronavirus is a new mutant strain origination from animal hosts (Chan & Chan, 2013).

Symptoms

SARS symptoms include ...

The quality of nursing care in the Dominican Republic has been subject to extensive research on numerous occasions. In the recent years, the government has been focused on enhancing the quality of maternity care across all the hospitals with the aim of reducing the rate of mortality rate through childbirth. It has attracted the attention of many scholars, especially because the nation is known for its highly trained attendants and universal institutionalized deliveries. The quality of medical care provided varies across the various medical institutions (Schumacher, 2010). In the recent years, the rate of Dominican Republican immigrants into the ...

The Frontline program, “The Trouble with Antibiotics” describes the agricultural use of antibiotics and how bacteria such as KPC, NDM1 and MRSA are becoming resistant to antibiotics used to treat human illness. According to the film, by far the largest user of antibiotics is not in the health industry, but the farming industry which raises animals for meat and eggs. The use of antibiotics in this industry promotes faster animal growth, and protects and protects herds and flocks against disease, which would spread rapidly in the crowded conditions employed in animal raising. Approximately 70% of global antibiotic use occurs ...

Paper 2

Ontario’s HPV Vaccination Program In this paper, I present arguments that are supportive of the ethical inappropriateness of the Ontario government’s HPV vaccination initiative. I also aim at revealing the ineffectiveness of the program as a public health strategy constructed to combat cervical cancer. The program is ineffective in combating cervical cancer because the interventions arising from the screening program poses risks on women and especially the ones of childbearing age. In addition, I will use the utilitarian approach to support my views. In September 2007, the Ontario Liberal Government began a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination ...

World Affairs: The United Nations

Introduction The United Nations (UN) was established as an international organization on 24 October 1945 having several functions. The UN operations and membership are both extended worldwide. UN headquarters is in New York City and has other regional offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish are the official languages of the member countries. The UN's predecessor was the League of Nations that kept peace and cooperation between the nations of the world. The organization gets its finance from member states voluntary contributions, and it has six fundamental bodies. The General Assembly as the ...

The Social Determinants of HIV/AIDS among African-American Women in the Southern States

Introduction HIV/AIDS is a serious condition that has led to numerous cases of deaths among the people of the United States. The epidemic has a higher prevalence among the African-American population thus presenting a risk factor for the children growing up. HIV condition holds a huge stigma among many people and as a result, it is not easy to discover that people are suffering from this condition. Consequently, many people end up becoming victims due to the fact that, the HIV positive population is unable to speak up and ensure that the condition is not spread among other people ...

2A. Appraising Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Study One source of bias during data collection is the use of self-report data (Polit & Beck 2012). Chivers et al. (2001) obtained data through the SF-36 and Beck depression inventory which required the patients to answer questionnaires. If they failed to give accurate answers, it would have affected the validity of the findings. The study design also allowed patients to receive other clinically appropriate treatments that were beyond the study protocol (Chivers et al. 2001). Additional treatments are confounding variables but their influence on the study outcomes was not estimated in the statistical analysis. This reduces confidence in ...

Introduction

The John Hopkins hospital is a premier teaching and research-based institute base in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. It was founded in 1889 by John Hopkins. It is one of the leading hospitals in the US known for its strong scientific and innovative background in multi-special therapeutic areas (Pronovost, et al. 2013). It specializes in neurosurgery, cardiology, endocrinology, and paediatrics. It is one of the only institutes in the US to have a full-fledge medical college that houses students from 30+ countries. The quality of care and management at John Hopkins is of the highest standards are recognised globally. Quality Measures ...

Healthcare environments are significantly prone to the risk of infection. Apparently, given the many avenues for possible infection that are evident in healthcare environments, there is an urgent need for intervention that such places demand. Several studies have revealed that all the people who participate in such environments stand a risk of getting infected, an aspect that further raises concern on the way those in charge of such places conduct their activities. The current paper identifies where the risk stems from, the possible interventions that should be initiated to curb the involved risks and it provided a reliable model ...