Essays on Influenza

Similar to other types of emergencies, disaster planning must also take into consideration the likelihood of a flu outbreak, which may, or may not be mitigated through the use of flu shots, which have been known to be unreliable in the past. The goals and objectives of Baltimore’s Office of Sustainability involve protecting the safety, health, and welfare of the residents and visitors of the City of Baltimore (Baltimore Office of Sustainability , 2017). This paper will analyze the case study considering the options and organizations required to deal with a flu outbreak in the community, and a high ...

The influenza outbreak of 1919 had an adverse impact to the New York state as the pandemic killed thousands of its population. It was estimated that in New York City alone, the death rate reached 4.7 for every 1,000 individuals. Nationally, the US had an approximate number of 675, 000 deaths, which is ten times the number of death due to military encounters during WWI. The world suffered from 20 to 40 million deaths because of the outbreak making it the world’s most devastating pandemic in history. Nevertheless, despite the presence of such technologies, the possibility of ...

Pandemics and epidemics are terms related to the outbreak of any disease on a large

scale, anywhere in the world. Any society, community or locality can be affected by the outbreak of a disease at a particular time, which may cause death or result in a large population of people becoming critically ill. Any outbreak of a disease can last from days and even remain for years. This will depend on the intensity, kind of disease and extent of the outbreak. A disease of such nature, which affects a lot of people simultaneously, can be considered contagious. It might also be a new kind of disease, which might be previously unknown to the population ...

Abstract

Objectives: To increase the knowledge of 80 percent of HCPs at JDH Medical group on the utilization of EBP vaccination protocols in assisting elderly Hispanics as guided by pre- and posttest assessments. Also, within a year of successful implementation, all HCPs within the JDH Medical Group should be efficient in the utilization of EBP vaccination procedures for this group as supported by group interviews, health records, and self-assessment measures. Motivation/Background: The elderly are among the United States’ at-risk population concerning influenza, herpes zoster, tetanus, and pneumonia. Within this group are the Hispanics, who are at an even higher risk ...

Outbreaks of infectious disease is a problem that has existed throughout the history of the United States of America with three influenza outbreaks in the 20th century killing approximately 604,000 Americans between 1918-1968 (Johnstone, 2008, p. 1). While pandemics are quite noticeable, a biological weapon attack may be less noticeable. This is a huge issue when it comes to Anthrax which can remain dormant and undetected within an area for a number of years before finding a host to contaminate (Johnstone, 2008, p. 2). Another issue with Anthrax is that it is near indestructible. However, the United States ...

Definition of Community-Identification and History

Jersey City is in the Hudson County of New Jersey State and it part of the New York metropolitan. It is the largest and the capital the City of Hudson County, and the second largest city in New Jersey. The history of the city runs back to the 17th century when it was inhabited by the Lenape people, an East Asian community that migrated to the Unites States. Jersey City acts as a transit center for manufacturing companies in New York due to the availability of the waterfront, and the population is highly mixed as a result of a ...

Question 1

Conditions That Will Exist If Tuition Is kept Below Equilibrium Price When the tuition is set at a fee which is below the equilibrium, the demand will be more than the supply; thus there will be a distress situation that is not conducive to education. This would show a good effort by the government, as people will see it as a show of constructive and admirable strength by the government to make education relatively cheap. The effect of this is an increase in the number of students’ intake and in a great way and educated society. This situation is ...

Influenza Vaccine on the Elderly

Introduction Based on current evidence, there is an overwhelming response with respect to the clinical efficacy, safety, and feasibility of influenza vaccine in the elderly. The impact of the vaccine is observed in elderly patients with chronic diseases with an influence on reduced mortality and hospital admissions. Based on a recent publication, the influence of the vaccine is also observed among health elderly population around the globe. Researchers and healthcare providers state that the declining age is associated with poor antibody response coupled with various confounding factors. However, these factors have not been clearly stated in literature. On the ...

Developing a Surveillance and Monitoring Program

What action can you take when an outbreak is reported close to home? Background SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the SARS Coronavirus. Coronaviruses are mostly found in poultry with only a few strains hosted by humans. In the past, Coronaviruses only caused mild flu infections. However, in recent years, the coronaviruses SARS and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) have been associated with causal problems for acute respiratory conditions. Further scientific reports have shown that SARS Coronavirus is a new mutant strain origination from animal hosts (Chan & Chan, 2013).

Symptoms

SARS symptoms include ...

Introduction

Pandemic influenza poses a great risk to the entire world. The disease originates from the emergence and quick spread of influenza viruses. In essence, these viruses can spread rapidly and explosively in numerous nations, thus, affecting billions of individuals. The pandemic can affect the country’s critical infrastructure as well as social and economic security if there is no adequate preparedness for as well as response to it. The pandemic affects the countries’ economies through raising their health care costs as well as causing significant loss of productivity. It is vital to note that successful preparedness for and response ...

The case study enclosed the treatment of a 34-year-old Hispanic woman of average weight and height. She was admitted with an apparent case of influenza and had trouble breathing. Her history of disease included asthma, high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension associated with diabetes and morbid obesity which ran in the family. However, she had not smoked or taken drugs ever and also did not consume alcohol. Being single, without children, she was sexually active yet did not take any kind of birth control or protection. She presented with a case of a dry cough since 2 ...

Juvaris BioTherapeutics   

Today in the world we have many new forms of diseases. Cancer is the most dangerous and insidious scourge. To treat cancer we should spend plenty of time and money and there is a great field of work. Juvaris BioTherapeutics, Inc. is a company, located in Pleasanton, California, which develops novel, adjuvanted vaccines and immunotherapeutics to treat infectious disease and cancer and helps both human and animals. Company was registered in 2001 with total amount of employees approximately 50 persons. It provides JVRS-100, a cationic lipid-DNA complex and adjuvant that improves the efficiency of present vaccines, as well as ...

According to Mittal, and Vikas (330), a business continuity plan is an outline that an enterprise develops about the core activities to undertake after an emergency or disastrous event happen to the organization. Let us take for instance when a company is faced with fire outbreak, the plan that it would write down to follow after the incident is a business continuity plan. It involves planning for the essential goods or services that the company can continue to offer for the market. It also sets up the departments that need to be operational as the company recovers towards the ...

Translation science can be defined as a branch of science which aims to develop various interventions and programs that can help improve the health of human beings using the “bench to bedside” approach (Wagner and Kroetz, 2016). The translation science project which will be discussed in this paper is mainly focused on the effect of the implementation of a vaccination screening program on the vaccination rates of elderly Hispanic population aged between 65 and 90 years old in a Community Health setting in Miami-Dade area. Currently, there are numerous evidences that can support the need for various interventions and ...

The goal of every nurse practitioner is to work with the patients in achieving healing and good health. In this process, the nurse makes a number of decisions. For these decisions to be successful in providing the expected outcome, nurses are expected to base their decisions on well validated scientific evidences. This is called evidence based practice. It is important to know where one is getting with once decisions and this is the fundamental for evidence based practice. This will ensure that the clinical practice is based on the foundation of strong scientific knowledge. Likewise, diabetes specific evidence based ...

Generally, the interview answers correspond with my own beliefs in keeping children healthy. I agree that children should be vaccinated, practice proper hygiene, stay home when they are sick and that classrooms and toys should be cleaned every day and agree with the ways child care workers should be aware of when preventing communicable diseases. However, I’d like to add the non-supervised access to bodies of water (swimming pools, water tables, etc.) and non-age-appropriate furniture to the biggest health hazards in group child care. The necessity to vaccinate children in the earliest possible age has an important reason. ...

Flu is a viral disease that influences for the most part the nose, throat, bronchi and, once in a while, lungs. Disease typically goes on for around a week, and is portrayed by sudden onset of high fever, hurting muscles, cerebral pain and extreme disquietude, non-beneficial hack, sore throat and rhinitis (WHO, 2016). The name "flu" started in fifteenth century Italy, from a plague ascribed to "impact of the stars." The principal pandemic, or overall pestilence, that unmistakably fits the portrayal of flu was in 1580. No less than four pandemics of flu happened in the nineteenth century, and ...

Influenza is a highly communicable viral infection that is fundamental for the critical outbreaks of respiratory illnesses; it is usually very common in the winter (CDC, 2015). Influenza, unlike the common cold, can cause brutal, life-threatening complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia as well as a severe illness which must require hospitalization. The flu is more dangerous to pregnant women, Aboriginal, and Torres Strait Islander individuals, elderly people and young children.

The cause of influenza

There are three common types of influenza viruses which infect a human being. These include influenza A, B, and C (Commonwealth of Australia, 2016). Influenza A and B ...

Tuberculosis is a disease, which was known for mankind since ancient times. There are often suffering symptoms of tuberculosis in Egyptian mummies. Information about it is remained in the Indian Vedas, the ancient Babylonian clay tablets in the Greek manuscripts. Even Hippocrates knew how dangerous tuberculosis disease of the lungs is. In the eighteenth century every seventh inhabitant of Europe died because of tuberculosis. Infectiousness of tuberculosis has been already known for a long period of time. German scientist Robert Koch, bacteriologist was the first one 1882 to discover mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882. This is the microbe that under ...

The study of infectious diseases has always been crucial to mankind because of the devastating effects it has had on the human race. The influenza epidemic, for example, occurred repeatedly in the 20 th and 21st century, spreading across large regions and multiple continents. Influenza in 1918 killed an estimated 50 million people world wide. This was higher than the amount of people that died in World War I. About 500,000 fatalities occurred in the US which was approximately 28% of the US population at that time. The number of deaths that took place in 1957 and 1968 ...

Immunizations in Children

According to World Health Organization (WHO), “Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine” (World Health Organization). This definition of WHO can be further elaborated by saying that the concept of immunization works by stimulation of the immune system. The immune system performs the function of protecting the body against disease causing agents. In its healthy condition, the body’s immune system has the ability to recognize any invading microbe. The leucocytes identify the microbes and produce antibodies against them. These antibodies are capable ...

Childhood Immunizations

Spring - 2016 Vaccination is a medical manipulation during which certain antigen of the infectious agent is being administered into the organism to induce the primary immune response. The first contact with the antigen is being accompanied by activation of the immune system and the emergence of a subpopulation of lymphocytes, which are able to specifically recognize the antigen. As a result, during the contact with the infectious agent, the immune system is able to react faster. While the purpose of vaccination is the prevention of disease, it can still occur, but in less severe form and with minimal ...

Avian influenza refers to an infectious disease that originates from wild birds and can be transmitted to humans through contact with domesticated birds. The avian flu virus initially originated from wild birds, and I have noted that they are not usually affected by this illness but spread the virus to birds that are domesticated or raised for food like ducks, turkey, chicken, and pigeons. Avian influenza is highly pathogenic and has led to severe outbreaks in birds that are domesticated mostly in the Asian and Middle East region. There are several types of avian flu, but the most common ...

In the contemporary times, the spread of the Asian flu, the Aids virus and the SARS epidemic have been instrumental in disease outbreaks and pandemics into mainstream consciousness. The pandemics of the modern day may seem unique, but they all have a connotation in history. A staggering twenty-five million people lost their lives to the flu as it spread all over the world. The outbreak began in August of 1918, and it was finally contained in March 1919. To the American nation, over a half-million people lost their lives to the terrible flu. In the contemporary America, the pandemic ...

Abstract

The paper briefly describes the UN goals for sustainable development and focuses on its third goal related to health issues which are presented as being associated with psychological condition of an individual. The key point of the latter statement consists in that mental condition and physical health of people are interdependent and decline of physical state will definitely cause degradation of mental health of an individual. The paper also briefly reviews the main organizations which work on health issues together with the UN describing some of their projects. In conclusion, the author suggests some ideas for new projects which ...

BUSINESS LAW QUESTIONS

Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256; [1892] EWCA Civ 1 Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company is a leading case in Contract Law which discusses the salient elements of an offer, an invitation to treat and other relevant contractual concepts. The facts of this case are that Carbolic Smoke ball Company, while advertising the Carbolic Smoke Ball drug for influenza, advertised that; £100 would be rewarded to any person who contracted influenza having used the ball three times a day for two weeks. The Company added that £1000 was already deposited with Alliance Bank to ...

Legal research

Introduction Every business should abide by the business laws to remain competitive and relevant. Particularly, concepts surrounding the law of contracts, torts, and employment law guide most conflicts occurring in businesses today. However, businesses are faced with challenging situations that require precise understanding and interpretation of different commercial case laws and concepts. The lack of understanding of these basic concepts may cause businesses to suffer legal consequences arising from frequent litigations (Singh, 2007). The current paper analyses three events that happened at Wicked Theatres Group Ltd.’s theater. In doing so, the paper sheds light on the legal principles ...

strains?” Researches on viruses have been carried out since time immemorial. Several vaccines, therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems have been developed only through extensive research on virulent strains. However, genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques have enabled scientists to manipulate, and develop new recombinant strains that may not occur in nature spontaneously. Proper containment of these engineered strains is essential as they might have properties that are entirely different from their parent strains. In September 2011 a researcher from Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam revealed how he had engineered avian influenza strain H5N1, and made it “more receptive to ...

Criterion 1: Tanner’s Model

Noticing- The patient is an 89 old widowed woman and has no family. Two years ago, she was sent to a nursing home, where she is residing up to now. She has Medicaid as well as Medicare that covers for her health expenses (Whalley & Breitner, 2009, p. 13). Ideally, the woman enjoys medical benefits through Medicare since her deceased husband had covered his family members. The signs portrayed by the woman are BP 126/76, Respiration 18, Temperature 98.2, Pulse 76 and Pain level 0. Interpreting- The client has several medical problems such as memory loss, faulty reasoning, impaired judgment, ...

Process of Care

Introduction Process care measures are the evidence-based practices which represents the health care system’s effort to systemize the improvement of giving process care to the patients (Burton, n.d.). These practices are often guided by using evidence-based clinical guidelines and these may also vary in strength. Performance involved in much process care may fail to have a measurement of 100 percent and this may not be entirely because of the failure to act in accordance to the guidelines. Some patients may experience contradictions to the treatment and not all of these contradictions are reflected as exclusions in the process ...

In the year 1914, when the First World War erupted, Woodrow Wilson the U.S President pledged neutrality, a position that was favored by the vast majority of Americans. Nevertheless, Britain was one of the closest trading Associates of America, and pressure soon stirred up between the U.S and Germany concerning the latter’s attempt to quarantine the British Isles. German mines destroyed numerous U.S. vessels moving towards Britain, and in the year 1915, Germany declared open warfare on all ships, impartial or otherwise, that crossed the war zone around Britain (Garraty and Carnes, 605). After one month, Germany stated ...

Introduction

Avian influenza also is known as bird flu and results from viruses acclimatized to some birds. People may be infected with avian influenza when they get into contact with the infected birds or infected fluids from the birds (Capua and Dennis 10). In this report, the discussion is about the evolution of avian influenza, characteristics of the virus, epidemiology of the virus, as well as the mode of transmission. Moreover, the paper talks about the gene expression of the virus, infection of the human by the virus, evolution of avian influenza's vaccines, and criticisms surrounding evolution of the virus.

Overall features of the avian flu virus

...

Pathophysiology

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder of an acute inflammatory neuropathy that is triggered or preceded by certain infections. It is now both demyelinating and axonal in pathology (Winer, 2014). The autoimmune response of the body is triggered by the cross-reactivity between the microorganism and the nerve tissue. Bacterial or viral infection caused by the pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the common pathogens known to trigger GBS (Kuwabara, 2004). The etiology of 60% of cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) remains unidentified. GBS cases ride during the winter and are usually preceded by a ...

Introduction

Homeless people live under environmental stresses in groups, crowds and poor situations resulting in upper respiratory tract and lungs infections (Homelessness, 1988). The most common form of homelessness is related to dermatologic conditions. 30% of the people suffer from mental illness, in which 50-60% homeless women suffer from mental issues. Due to the external exposure, limited access to water, inability to follow homely routine and social isolation combined with financial downfall leads them to numerous diseases of all form (Donohoe, 2004). In U.S. and Canada, an observed pattern of health with different diseases is observed due to overcrowding. A ...

Influenza injection program

Abstract Influenza which is at times referred to as flu is a highly communicable disease that attacks the respiratory system. It is a viral disease caused by the Influenza virus (CDC, 2015). The severity of the condition can range from mild to serious depending on the immunity of an individual towards the disease. In extreme situations, hospitalization or death may occur. As such, from the proverbial prevention is better than treatment, it is imperative that persons who are likely to be affected by this virus receive vaccination to cushion them against the effects that are likely to be brought ...

Introduction

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that affects animals and humans gastrointestinal tract. The parasite is shed in the form of “oocyst” and can be seen in feces. The oocyst has a hard shell, and it is not easy protecting it from the environment. The infections may cause abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea or symptomatic in nature. The organism can be transmitted through the focal-oral mechanism. Outbreaks are often connected to waterborne and person-to-person modes. There is also evidence of animal and foodborne to person method (Barzon et al., 2012). There are numerous reports across the globe about Cryptosporidium outbreaks, ...

Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi while pneumonia is an infection that causes the inflammation of one or both of the lung tissue. Both respiratory diseases have similar manifestations such as cough with sputum production, muscle aches and fatigue. According to the FDA, 300,000 adults age 50 and above are hospitalized every year due to pneumococcal pneumonia (Sagon, 2012). A 55 year old suffering from pneumonia would have signs and symptoms such as cough which can be dry or productive (green or yellow sputum, occasionally rust colored), sudden onset of fever with temperature greater than 380C, chills ...

Gliosis, a process of neural scarring, is considered to be the characteristic feature of neuronal degeneration (Holtman C). Research across last few decades has shown conflicting results with respect to gliosis being present or absent in schizophrenic brains.

A couple of decades ago, Stevens and colleagues reported gliosis in approximately 70% of their schizophrenic brain cases (Stevens, 1982). Around the same time, some other research by Roessmann showed that gliosis injury to the brain resulting in schizophrenia can occur as early as the 20th week of intrauterine life (Roessman, 1986). In a separate research, Roberts GW concluded that injury to ...

A considerable number of General Practitioners, surgeons and other practicing medical specialists occasionally misdiagnose medical conditions causing devastating effect on patients’ lives. Many times that ends fatally with death. The question we have to answer is could that bring murder charges against physicians whose patients die. The answer is positive because practically this is a murder and murder is a crime. The most significant element of an act to be qualified as a crime is the guilt. In the Criminal law guilt is the psychical attitude of the intruder towards the crime. We distinguish two types of guilt: direct – when the perpetrator ...

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business

Abstract

For an agreement to be considered a valid contract, it should have four vital elements that include an offer, acceptance, intention to be under legal consequences, and consideration. If any of the mentioned terms are missing from the contract, it is not legally binding. Objective theory of contracts is a legal notion that rejects the enforcement of thelaw that appears to be too good to be true. The contract, according to this theory, is binding only if a reasonable person from outside will judge objectively that the offer has been made, and it has been accepted. The soft drink company, in ...

Annotated Bibliography

Brewer, N.T., Chapman, G.B., Gibbons, F.X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K.D., and Weinstein, N.D. "Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination." Health Psychology, 26(2) (2007): 136-145.

The study examines the relationship between perceived risk of flu and health behavior shown by the people. The study informs how higher perceived risk can increase the immunization rate and result into positive health behavior of the people. The source is very useful in understanding health behavior shown by different groups of the people, and also in understanding how rate of flu immunization can ...

1. Introduction to 1918 influenza pandemic

For a better understanding the impact of influenza on everyday life it is very important to understand the unique characteristics of the 1918 pandemic and at the same time the way people lived back then. During the early twentieth century, infectious diseases, communicable from person to person, were significantly widespread all around the Globe. But, only the Black Death, which occurred in the fourteenth century, killed more people than the influenza pandemic of 1918. One fifth of the world's population was infected by the H1N1 virus and with estimated 50 million deaths (Morens et al.). The pandemic was known ...

Part A

Education is one of the major concerns that any government addresses. The world nations embrace education as the key strategy towards attaining economic growth and development. Politicians have advocated for a constant funding to the higher institutions hence low fees to enable high standards of education. This is an aim to improve its accessibility as a way of enhancing skills in the society and more so increase innovation, science, and technology (Levin, 2005).

In a case where the government maintains a constant university funding, the demand for higher education increases in the country. The initial equilibrium price for education will decrease due to ...

1. What microorganism do you believe is to blame for this illness (be specific)? Provide background information on this organism, history, morphology, virulence factors, toxins

Hemophilus Influenza is a cocobacillus that is small, pleomorphic and is gram-negative. It is non-motile and does not form spores. It is also a facultative anaerobe. Some strains of Hemophilus influenza have a capsule composed of polysaccharide (Deverajan, 2012), (CDC, 2013). There are 6 different stereotypes of the virus, labeled a-f. This division is based on the biochemical differences in the capsules (Deverajan, 2012). Some strains of Hemophilus Influenza do not possess capsules and are therefore referred to as nonencapsulated Hemophilus Influenza. They are also sometimes called nontypeable Hemophilus influenza. Identification of the different strains is done by slide agglutination for stereotyping ( ...

A disease is defined as a condition that is abnormal in the body of a living thing. It can be communicable or non-communicable. A communicable disease is that which can be infected from person to person through bodily contact. A non-communicable disease is the opposite. It is both non-transmissible and non-infectious. That is to say, it cannot be infected from person to person through bodily contact. Some good examples of non-communicable diseases (NCD) are Alzheimer’s disease, Osteoporosis, diabetes and cataracts. To add to that, good examples of communicable diseases (CD) are measles, influenza, HIV, chicken pox, nausea and Pinkeye. In ...

In reference to Case of Gibson versus Manchester City Council there is an agreement to the terms of contract between the council and Mr. Gibson and the application had been received successfully and this meant that it was a valid contract. However, the legal argument before the court is that the contract according Mr. Gibson was is that there was an agreement from the city council replay to his application. In the council advocate claimed that plaintiff replay cannot be considered a contract agreement. According to the plaintiff, the deal may be considered changes of terms that were in the original ...

The 1918 influenza pandemic has been aptly described as the mother of all pandemics. It led to the death of approximately 50 million people worldwide. A lot of questions about the pandemic still remain unanswered. Its unusual epidemiological features, the factors contributing to its high pathogenecity among other things are not known. It is estimated that about one third of the world population was infected by the virus and case fatality rate was >2.5% when compared to <0.1% in other influenza pandemics.

I believe that it is imperative for all these unanswered questions to be unanswered as ...

Introduction

Infectious diseases have been affecting humans since diseases and germs were discovered. No sophisticated antibiotics or antiviral medications were available to treat neither disease nor epidemiological records to trace their origin and destinations. In contemporary societies mankind is so advanced in science and technology that, viruses, bacteria, fungi and other types of microorganisms are detected, sensitivity identified; epidemiological implications uncovered and prognoses delivered. This discussion provides an epidemiological evaluation of the Avian influenza infection as a twenty first century pandemic.

A.1 Description of Outbreak

Avian influenza is a viral infection similar to bird flu/ swine flu, dog flu, horse flu, or human flu. Epidemiologists have ...

The book was written in order to demonstrate the impact of the impact Influenza pandemic on the population. The aim of the book was to establish the actual impact of the influenza pandemic on the population of the world in relation to the overall challenges in the world after the First World War (Kent 80). The book aimed providing information in order to understand the actual relationship between the war and the pandemic with respect to the number of lives lost in each of the two disasters. The author also aimed at establishing the actual impact of the influenza ...

This epic book captures the mood and the general feeling at the times of World War 1, when one of the most lethal viruses called influenza erupted in an army camp in Kansas. Given that it was a time of war, military camps were crowded, therefore: the virus found carriers among the military men. When the army moved eastwards, influenza moved with them and in the process, it killed millions of people. It is sad to note that, the epic influenza killed more people in a period of twenty-four months, more than AIDS ever did in twenty-four years. For the purpose ...

Influenza Vaccine among Health Workers

Influenza Vaccine among Health Workers

Introduction

Evidently, the human body possesses a remarkable capability, which can however be jeopardized by disease. Influenza occurs as one of the widely discussed diseases whose influence on humans has and continues to raise immense concern across various contexts all over the globe. This can be accredited to the fact that this disease occurs as one of the leading causes of respiratory infections. In fact, influenza remains a significant cause of mortality amongst the elderly populations aged above 65 years. Worth noting is the fact that the pathogenicity of influenza is dependent on environmental factors; hence grouping ...

THE GREAT INFLUENZA

The book the great influenza by john Barry takes us back to arguably one of the greatest medical disasters in human history, the book focuses on the influenza pandemic which took place in the year 1918. The world was at war in the First World War and with everyone preoccupied with happenings in Europe and winning the war the influenza pandemic displayed more of its opportunistic tendencies and struck when the human race was least ready and most distracted by happenings all over the world. In total the influenza pandemic killed over a hundred million people on a global scale, clearly ...

Scientists have found metallopolymers. Metallopolymers are used to make strains vulnerable to antibiotics. Previously, bacteria were resistant to these antibiotics. Tang and his colleagues noted that a significant fraction of infection is caused by bacteria such as MRSA. MRSA is spread through contaminated hands. The presence of MRSA in the body causes pneumonia and deters treatment by traditional antibiotic such as penicillin when they produce enzymes. Although much effort has been made to inactivate this enzyme, a successful resolution has not been reached. In the process of coming up with a better alternative, Tang’s team tested a recently discovered class against a number ...

Health care providers have the obligation to provide for those entrusted in their care, to the extent of their authority that services or items provided or ordered benefits the recipient. The obligation to offer care and act in response to suffering is intrinsic to all heath care providers’ code of ethics. Heath care professionals also need to consider demands from their proficient role with other opposing responsibilities to their personal heath, to folks and friends (Thompson, 2006). Heath care providers often face considerable challenges connected to the distribution of resources, expert liability, scale of practice, and office conditions. ...

The epidemiology of Influenza is currently being monitored because a pandemic had plagued the world three times (1918, 1959 and 1968) in the last century. It has been predicted that one or more pandemics awaits the world. It has been well known that a pandemic costs several diseases, death and interference in the entire world such that an outbreak may be underway simultaneously in different locations (http://www.flu.gov/planning-preparedness/states/planningresolutionor.html, 2014). Therefore, this need to prepare for an influenza pandemic that is yet to come requires a collective effort from all sectors of the society with the leadership of the federal government. The viral ...

In this article Colin Campbell and Jill Colvin have reported over the protest to be held against annual influenza vaccination requirements. Mayor Michael Bloomberg is proposing mandatory flu vaccination for children under the age of five, and residing in New York. This mandate by the Health Department suggests that, the vaccination would prevent children against influenza. The Board of Health has reported 20,000 hospitalizations and between 30-150 deaths of children under five due to influenza. But a vocal group is opposing the idea on the basis that the vaccination is potentially dangerous. According to my viewpoint, people who ...

Pandemic Plan

The Ministry of Health (MOH), Guinea on March 21st, 2014 informed the World Health Organization (WHO) about the growing occurrence of Ebola virus disease (EVD). The initial report of the cases derived from Gueckedou, Kissidougou, and Macenta in the overseas district, a vicinity that establishes the boundary with Liberia, and Sierra Leone; and late in the principal town of Conakry. The samples of blood gathered from the early cases and after examination revealed favorable results for Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) species by RT-PCR at Educational Institute of Pasteur in Lyon, France. The MOH of Liberia confirmed the initial infections of ...

Introduction

Most of the time, people with flu ignore the disease especially when the symptoms are very mild. Moreover, people think of the flu as a bad cold. However, flu is worse than cold (Williams, 2014). Because of misinformation, there is a necessity for a better information dissemination concerning the flu, its causes, and the flu vaccines. Thus, this report gives information about the flu and the flu vaccine.

The Flu

Flu is a viral disease primarily caused by influenza viruses (CDC, 2014a). Most of the time, influenza viruses attack the windpipe and the lungs. Flu is considered a highly contagious disease, and its symptoms are known ...

Individual Case Analysis and Group Case Analysis

[Submission Date] Individual Case Analysis: A summary of leadership challenges faced by the leader in assuring system changes prepared for the next pandemic While working in a pandemic influenza outbreak in the United States, the leader faces many different challenges. Working as a responsive leader of the American Red Cross, I have the responsibility to summarize these challenges. The influenza is a virus that is transforming from one to another rapidly with the passage of time mainly Vietnam and Thailand. Similarly, when the influenza was increasing than spread towards more and pandemic outbreak also occur. However, the leader faced decision ...

Introduction

Every year witnesses a recurring flu season which is always synonymous with influenza outbreaks. In most cases, such a season occurs in each hemisphere’s cold half. Important to note is the fact that influenza activity can easily be predicted and geographically tracked. Although the outbreak of flu activity varies by location in each season, minor epidemics tend to take around three weeks before peaking. They then take a further three weeks to diminish significantly. In this paper, I seek to give an outline on how I will actualize my plan to teach the community on this aspect. In so doing, I ...