Essays on Inhalation

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease also known as COPD is a group of diseases which make breathing difficult by obstructing airflow and causing other breathing related problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). This disease which is described by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as progressive because it worsens over time includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma in some cases (CDC, 2013; NHLBI, 2013a). In developing countries, poor quality of indoor air is suspected to play a major role in the disease development and progression whereas in the Unites States, tobacco smoke is reported ...

A Proper understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases and conditions is essential in their treatment as well as management. Every disease has a way of affecting the normal functioning of the body. Some disorders attack the whole body while others affect specific organs. Therefore, it is crucial to study the pathophysiology of diseases. It is also essential to understand the relationship between related diseases. This helps in understanding the interactions between the diseases. This paper is set to examine the pathophysiology of pneumonia, hypoxemia, as well as thyroid cancer. Additionally, the paper analyses the relationship between these diseases.

Pathophysiology of Pneumonia

Pneumonia ...

M.K is a female, 45 years old with 5.5” height and 225 lbs. weight and has a history of smoking for 22 years and poor diet. The history of Type II diabetes mellitus and primary hypertension is also observed with the recent diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. She has been observed with chronic cough with sputum, light headedness, excessive peripheral edema, distended neck veins and increased urination during the night. She has been using the medications comprising of Lotensin and Lasix to treat hypertension and Glucophage for diabetes mellitus.

Vitals and Lab Results

The patient is observed chronic cough with sputum and the cough ...

Smoking electronic cigarettes (or e-cigarettes), colloquially known as vaping, has become a rapid global trend. In fact, about a fifth of Americans aged 25 to 44 are using e-cigarettes (Hwang et al. 667). E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that use a solution of nicotine, flavorings, and humectants, to produce an aerosol, which will be inhaled by the user. The popularity of smoking e-cigarettes may be due to various motivations, but the most practical reasons are to help the user quit traditional cigarette smoking and to allow the user to use nicotine within non-smoking areas (Kalkhoran & Glantz 1). However, the popularity ...

Inhalation of Corticosteroids and Asthma Management

Abstract The use of inhaled corticosteroids has emerged to be the most effective measure in the preventive treatment of asthma. Studies have successfully shown than the practice is characterized with various substantial health benefits. Even though this is true, few studies done reveal that its use has both benefits and the risks. In essence, clear knowledge of the efficiency of this practice has not been established. Its benefits and effects are evaluated with regard to the growth in human beings. This asserts the need of engaging in comprehensive inquiry to develop knowledge about this potentially beneficial practice. The purpose ...

Introduction

This paper aims at evaluating concepts of alteration in homeostatic state, secondary to temporal variables. It analyses the case study of Brad, a 45-year old coal cutter who has held the job for 25 years. Brad is experiencing a chronic cough due to prolonged exposure to coal. Importantly, he has not been attending yearly checkups because he fears that his lung is “black.” The disease leads to fibrosis, reduced diffusing ability, and dilation of the small airways. In the final stage, the airways, alveoli, and pulmonary capillaries become damaged.

How the disease described in the case study creates incongruous between ventilation and perfusion

Chronic lung disease may induce mismatch in ventilation and perfusion ...

Mucor

Mucor is a type of fungal infection that caused by mold which is commonly found in plants, decaying fruits and vegetables, soil, manure and toxin of stored food. Mucor mainly effects the immunity compromised individuals and effects sinuses and lungs as it is usually inhaled during the breathing process. Fungus incorporates about 50 species some of them are prone to high temperatures and hence, they can cause infections mainly known as zygomycosis or mucormycosis. According to CDC (2015), mucormycosis effects the immunity comprised people at a higher pace and due to its contact with human body via inhalation, cut, ...

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels that get bifurcated further into veins, capillaries, and arteries. Lungs and airways make the most of the respiratory system; these, coupled with other structures help in the inhalation and exhalation process. Muscles are the other part of the system that helps the lungs to expand and contract in sync with inhalation and exhalation. Absorption starts in the body after the food is broken down into its building blocks. The process of absorption starts in the abdomen with the direct consumption of simple substances( e.g. water and alcohol) into the ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Introduction

In 2006, an apartment complex that included a playground was built on a piece of land that was the site of a metal processing plant that operated between 1930’s and 1950’s before going out of business. Due the above reason, the land had to be assessed for any carcinogenic heavy metals. There are so many potential heavy metals that could have hazardous effects on people’s health, but the assessment mainly focused on cadmium. This is because cadmium was the most common metal used in the plant while it was operational and the metal has both carcinogenic ...

Hit and run homicide

A hit and run are normally defined as being involved in a vehicle accident with either a pedestrian, another vehicle or an object and escaping from the scene without being identified or give any assistance to those in need. It is mostly defined by leaving the scene whether you caused the accident or not. However, if you return to the scene maybe you had gone to access emergency assistance will not be considered as a hit and run. In a hit and run accident, there are several wound and injuries that are common and they assist in reconstructing the ...

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) refers to a chronic bacterial infection of cattle that distresses some species of mammals. It is a substantial zoonosis that may spread to humans, mainly via the consumption of unpasteurized milk or the inhalation of aerosols. In developed nations, eradication initiatives have eliminated or reduced tuberculosis in cattle. As a result, human disease is currently rare. Nevertheless, reservoirs in wildlife may cause eradication challenging. Bovine tuberculosis remains popular in underdeveloped nations, and severe economic losses may take place from livestock mortalities, trade restrictions, and chronic disease. In some circumstances, this disease can similarly be a grave ...

Butterfly is a style of swimming on the chest, while swimming a sportsman performs simultaneous and symmetrical movements of left and right parts of the body. Using both hands, a swimmer makes a powerful stroke, in the performance of which the upper part of the body is lifted above the water while performing symmetrical kicks “from the pelvis”.

Arm Motion

Hands in this style of swimming are the main driving force. All arm movements can be divided into three main phases: to yourself, from yourself and return. • The hands in the starting position are stretched forward, placed shoulder-width apart and immersed ...

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are largely responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body. Respiration consists of both inspiration and expiration. These actions are the methods by which essential oxygen is exchanged with harmful carbon dioxide. While oxygen is brought into the lungs during inhalation to be processed throughout the body, carbon dioxide is brought during exhalation to be removed from the system entirely. Once the oxygen has reached the lungs it is taken up by the bloodstream in order to be distributed to the various cells that require a constant exchange of nutrients ...

Pulmonary emphysema is a pathological condition of the lung tissue, which is characterized by its increased airiness due to the expansion of the alveoli, as well as the destruction of alveolar walls. This disease happens with males twice as often than with females. The risk of development of emphysema among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary illnesses is very high, especially after 55 years (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014).

Factors that Provoke the Development of Emphysema

At the present time there are many causes and risk factors of pulmonary emphysema, with which a person meets almost every day. Some of them we will consider now. The main cause ...

The process of inhalation or inspiration can be explained simply by the intake of air. In some cases, this process is further described as the transfer of the oxygen to the bloodstream and then to the blood cells. Further, this is followed by the release of the carbon dioxide from the cells to the bloodstream and pumping it to the lungs, from where the waste carbon dioxide is expelled to the environment. The oxygen enters into the body from the outside environments through inspiration. This process of inspiration includes the contraction of the diaphragm along with the internal and ...

Chapter #16:

Question 1. Insect-eating birds will decrease in number since their source of food has been reduced. The birds may also migrate to warmer areas during this period.

Question 2.

The habitat is the specific place where the organism lives e.g. a fish’s habitat is water. On the other hand, niche is the position and the role played by the organism in an ecosystem. It includes how the organism obtain food and shelter, the mode of survival, and the mode of reproduction (Sutton & Anderson, 2009, p. 46). For instance, a lion’s niche in the ecosystem is that of a predator.Question ...

Abstract

Among the remarkable flight accidents, Saudia Flight 163 case holds a special place, both due to the death toll and due to the fact that it did not involve a crash at all. The disaster that took away lives of all passengers and crew members at the turn of 1980s was thoroughly investigated and recognized as the second deadliest aircraft accident (at that time) after Ermenonville air disaster involving Turkish Airlines flight 891 (Witkin, 1981). While the deadly incident happened after the safe emergency landing of the plane, the main reason of Flight 163 tragedy is human factor. The ...

Occupational and Environmental Health in Carbon Nano-Tube Thread Manufacturing

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have novel physicochemical properties accompanied by new risks and uncertainties (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work [EU-OSHA], 2009). CNT release into environment and worker exposure can occur during any stage of production, usage, transport, waste treatment or storage. Data on occupational exposure to CNT is limited, and measurement techniques are also not fully developed. Engineering controls and personal protective equipment used for aerosol pollution are recommended for CNT also. Though CNTs have a primary graphene structure, their properties are entirely different from carbon particles, for which there are established exposure limits. CNT emissions are ...

4 – Nitroaniline

INTRODUCTION

4-Nitroaniline is an organic nitro aromatic compound. It is a yellow powder with a pungent odor and is highly soluble in hot water, methanol, ethanol, acetone etc (Lide 1994). Its chemical formula is C6H6N2O2. It has the following chemical structure: (Courtesy: PubChem 2016) It is also known as P-Amino nitrobenzene, P-Nitraniline or Benzene amine (PubChem 2016). It explodes on decomposition to emit toxic nitrogen oxides (Lewis 1996). 4-Nitroaniline is used in the manufacture of textile dyes such as the red azo dyes. It is also used in preparation of antioxidants, fuel additives, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and poultry medicines ( ...

Given the recent request to assist a local chemical manufacturer with OSHA compliance, one of the major issues to tackle will be whether the company is required to comply with OSHA Methylene Chloride standard. The company uses Methylene Chloride (MC) chemical to manufacture a special paint stripper for the Department of Defense (DOD). Methylene Chloride is a colorless, volatile solvent, with a chloroform-like odor. Exposure to this chemical increases the risk of developing cancer, and diseases of the liver, heart and CNS (central nervous system). Exposure occurs via inhalation, and direct contact and absorption through the skin. The immediate ...

Introduction

Approximately 2.5 million individuals in the United States contract pneumonia annually, and 55,000 of those individuals die as a result. In fact, pneumonia was the eighth prominent cause of morbidity and is the number one communicable disease in the United States. Pneumonia is the leading deadly hospital-contracted disease and contributes to a sizable amount of deaths in unindustrialized countries as well. It is a grave illness that can impact individuals in all age groups, but it is especially serious in adolescents, the elderly population, and in people with fundamental medical issues such as ischemia, low blood sugar, and ...

Introduction

The respiratory system can be termed as a biological system comprising of specific structures and organs that are used, by an organism, in the respiration process. It participates in the exchange together with intake of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment (Seeley, Stephens and Tate).

In vertebrates that breathe air, respiration occurs in the organs of respiration, lungs. The air passage to the lungs for supply of oxygen to the body is called inhalation, while the air passage away from the lungs to release carbon dioxide is called exhalation. In human beings, the anatomical characteristics ...

General purpose: To persuade.

Specific purpose: To convince the audience not to smoke and to enlighten them on the dangers of smoking on their lives Thesis statement: Smoking is a hazardous habit that is very common among the human population. Knowledge on the dangers of smoking and the difficulties that may arise due to smoking can help prevent people from smoking or even encourage smokers to quit.

Definition

Smoking is the inhalation of tobacco as a habit-forming activity to a point that the user develops dependency on this drug. Tobacco is quite different from other rugs since unlike, alcohol or bhang, it does not leave the ...

ABSTRACT

Health and safety are the utmost priorities in any fitness center. Although newer researchers emphasize on natural environment and green surroundings for a fitness center to boost the healthy effects of it, however, several recent incidents and observations have exposed some common hazards and issues that can negatively impact the health and safety of the members of the fitness center. This paper looks into the general problems and then analyses some cases of hazardous affects caused to the members directly or indirectly due to the natural surroundings.

Introduction

Several researches show that the ability to work and the average performance of ...

Introduction

Nebulization is the most effective method for delivering medications to patients suffering from respiratory disease. Nebulizers do not require special inhalation techniques; therefore, hospitals utilize a variety of nebulizer designs for medicinal delivery. One of these devices is called AeroEclipse, which can be operated via one of two different modes. The breath actuation mode generates aerosol only during the patient’s inspiration while the other mode allows for the continuous generation of aerosol particles regardless of the patient’s inspiratory and expiratory efforts. Also, the AeroEclipse has two different patient interfaces: the facemask and the mouthpiece. The hypothesis of this ...

Abstract

The project deals with the relationship between Homeland Security, transportation, and logistics management. The nature of the interconnection between the Department of Homeland Security, public transportation, and logistics is the focal point of the research. Measures elaborated by the state department for the protection of transport, passengers and hazardous goods delivery are scrutinized based on the data retrieved from governmental reports, programs and articles. Keywords: homeland security, transportation, logistics management, terrorist, attack The USA is a reputed peacemaker that stands up for peace and equality throughout the world. Valiant though these efforts are, they come up against a serious ...

Introduction

Anthrax is an infectious disease that is primarily caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis (spore-forming bacterium). The spores of B. antracis is often associated with gastrointestinal anthrax and inhalation cutaneous. The spores are highly ineffective in most environmental conditions. Inhalation anthrax is considered as a great threat since it is caused by inhalation of anthrax spores and is associated with high fatality rate. However, the rate of person-to-person rate is rarely observed. (Sternbach G. 2003) In the wild, anthrax is commonly observed (naturally found). The disease is also observed unvaccinated domestic animals. The disease is common among U.S workers ...

In summer 2014, New York became the 23d state to legalize medical usage of marijuana. The State Assembly issued the Compassionate Care Act on June, the 20th. This research paper addresses pros and cons of legalization of marijuana for medical purposes in New York City not touching the controversial issue of legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes. Marijuana has been used for medical purposes for ages. Medical marijuana refers to the extraction from the plants named Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica (Whitehall, 2014.). Those plants contain over sixty various chemicals, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the primary psychoactive ingredient) and ...

Section 1, Identification

Product identifier: 1750-x Manufacturer: Statlab Medical Products Inc Manufacturer address: 23654 Telephone number: 256235 Emergency phone number: 5895622 Recommended use - use within the controlled environment of a laboratory. Restrictions on use - for laboratory use only Section 2, Hazard(s) identification The chemical contains formaldehyde that is a suspected carcinogenic. If an individual is exposed to the chemical, it may lead to eye, skin, and the respiratory system irritation. If there is contact with the chemical, one should use plenty of water to wash it off the region of contact and then ...

A pharmaceutical company has just develop a new drug that has 93% cure rate for several illnesses like cancer of the kidney, ESRD, kidney stones and other related illnesses without having the need to subject the patient to the excruciating treatment of dialysis and it is also more economical than any other treatment. This being a new drug, however, with enough certification from the US Food and Drug Administration, the manufacturer wants to make it available worldwide. However, negotiations are necessary considering that the drug contains marijuana. In fact, the drug is made up of 98.9% marijuana, and the mode of ...

[Replace with Student Name] [Replace with Institution] Advertisements had been an effective marketing tool used by businesses to increase market share and encourage consumers to buy their product and services. However, this is not the sole purpose of ads. In fact, over the years several advertisements had been used for information dissemination particularly geared to create social awareness. Anti-smoking campaigns lobbied by health experts and civic organizations had been very creative at trying to persuade smokers to quit smoking. This essay will evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-smoking advertisements in the way they present their arguments. At ...

ID Number

Introduction

This experiment is to evaluate the effects of the use of drugs on the human body, particularly, the effects of Salbutamol on asthmatic patients. Specifically, this paper seeks to describe what a drug is and the principles behind the actions of drugs and to detail drug receptor interactions such as specificity, binding, affinity, antagonists, and agonists. In this study, participants performed the Harvard modified step test. The aim of this study of this test is to measure the maximal physical working capacity such as the maximal oxygen intake (Rhyming, 1953). It is hypothesized that maximal working capacity such ...

1. Components and mechanisms of the respiratory system The respiratory system is the system that allow humans and animals to breathe. The main function of the system is to provide oxygen to the body through the blood. Breathing involves two main actions: inhaling and exhaling air. Inhalation brings oxygen into the body via the blood and exhalation chases out carbon dioxide. The respiratory system is composed of different tissues and organs, including the airways, lungs, bloods vessels and muscles connected to each other to assure a proper breathing process (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 2012). The airways ...

Abstract

This paper is on the topic of hazard management system for the construction company specializing in rebuilding and renovating in Renovabuild. The first section of this paper will discuss the hazard management system for Renovabuild. The second section of this paper will discuss the type of hazard identification required for different phases for renovation. The third section of this paper will identify and access hazards and choose the controls of hazards pouring concrete decks at the roof of storage building. The final section for this paper will indentify the hazards and determine the consequences of hazards. Also, it will ...

Marijuana is one of the widely used prohibited drugs, with millions of users throughout the globe. Various policies have been put in place in various countries to deal with use of marijuana, but still the number of users continue rising over time (Thomas, Kloner and Rezkalla, 2014). The United States is among the leading countries with most marijuana users throughout the globe; a problem that has spread to its neighboring countries, especially Canada. It has been proposed that legalization of marijuana could have positive effects; but then, this is a controversial issue. On one hand, it is argued that marijuana should ...

The trachea is the tube that connects the bronchi to the throat. The bronchi are further trachea divisions. One proceeds to left lung while the other into the right one. In the lungs, each bronchi separates into smaller bronchi. The broncheoli are bronchi branches, which are smaller tubes that amount to pulmonary alveolus. The pulmonary alveoli are tiny air sacs delineated through single-layer membranes that have blood capillaries on either end. The lungs’ inner surfaces are where gaseous exchange takes place due to the alveoli structure. The lungs are a pair of organs within the vertebrates (Collins & Eric, 2012). For ...

Abstract

The research paper deals with the problem of whether or not cannabis and cancer are interrelated. There are arguments provided in favor of cannabis stimulating the growth and proliferation of cancer and counterarguments, claiming that not only has marijuana consumption no negative impact on human health, but it also has the potential of being used for medical purposes for treating brain, breast, lung, prostate, blood, oral, liver, and pancreatic cancer inasmuch as it serves as a natural inhibitor of tumor growth as well as providing apoptosis of malign cells. Cannabis treatment may also be used as a legitimate, harmless and far ...

<Student’s name> <Professor’s name>

Business Benefits of Banning Smoking in Restaurants

Introduction The ban on smoking is a designation that prohibits smoking tobacco and similar products under certain conditions. Different countries have different restrictions and penalties. Smoking ban may be declared owner of the premises or to the laws of the country. The main objectives of the smoking ban are fire safety and protection of health smoking. For the rest, include preserving the purity of the premises and a great performance smoking employees. Individual American cities and states have banned smoking in public places, such as bars, restaurants, offices. The ...

Introduction

Pesticides are substances or a mixture of substances whose main aim is to destroy, repel, prevent or inhibit the action of any pest. A pest is any form of an insect, plant pathogens, weeds, birds, mollusks, nematodes (worms), and microbes that destroy human foods while in the field, during transportation or in stores. In addition, a pest can destroy other human properties apart from food or help spread harmful diseases. Pesticides are classified into five categories: a chemical substance, a biological agent, disinfectant, antimicrobial and a device. Since pesticides find use in both our homes and in farms, they have the potential of causing ...

<Student’s name> <Professor’s name>

Business Benefits of Banning Smoking in Restaurants

Introduction The ban on smoking is a designation that prohibits smoking tobacco and similar products under certain conditions. Different countries have different restrictions and penalties. Smoking ban may be declared owner of the premises or to the laws of the country. The main objectives of the smoking ban are fire safety and protection of health smoking. For the rest, include preserving the purity of the premises and a great performance smoking employees. Individual American cities and states have banned smoking in public places, such as bars, restaurants, offices. The ...

Report on Vinyl Chloride

Report on Vinyl Chloride The case involves a man who went into a polymerization tanks measuring 8 feet in high and 5 feet wide. The man went into the tank alone at night, and there was no light in the pit. After 20 minutes, the man did not return, and somebody went to check him. The man was found lying in the pit. The person who was looking for the man climbed in order to get the man out, but the person was overwhelmed by the gas. The person immediately shut the open valve feeling dizzy. The person dragged himself ...

A forty-three year old male with cases of irritated eyes and increasingly blurry vision. The man also reports cases of skin irritation which are at certain instances severe and cases of difficulty in breathing.

His skin irritation and difficulty in breathing stared six months ago.at the onset these complications were mild and isolated in their frequency but gradually they are becoming more persistent. Irritation of the eyes started three months ago and his vision started to get blurry a month ago.

Past medical history

Noncontributory. Family history His wife, parents, and two sisters are all perfectly healthy. His three daughters are ...

Warfarin as used in medicine

Warfarin is a drug that serves as an anticoagulant; it is most commonly used in the medical field to prevent thrombosis which is the formation of blood clots and thromboembolism which is the migration of these clots to other parts of the body. It is also used in the management of deep vein thrombosis, arterial fibriation and pulmonary embolism.[1] This drug is a derivative of dicoumarol a 4-hydroxycoumarin-derived mycotoxin anticoagulant that was discovered in spoiled animal feeds that are made using sweet clover.[2] The recommended dosage is 10mg of warfarin for urgent anticoagulation, after that a maintenance dosage of 5mg ...

A)Pathophysiology of crocidolite.

Pathophysiology refers to both the pathological and physiological effects of a disease or injury. Crocidolite is a type of asbestos which is blue in color which has very thin fibers hair like fibers. This makes it the most dangerous type of asbestos as these thin fibers are very easily inhaled when blown by the wind where the asbestos occurs naturally (Australia) and when people are working with it especially during mining. This type of asbestos is used mainly for insulation as it is sprayed on walls, ceilings, boilers ovens and pipes. Crocidolite falls under the category of respirable dusts. These ...

1.0 The role and leadership traits of Public Information Officer In the present scenario, the public information officer is charged with the responsibility to advise the president on the public communication and the expected outcome on the communication. In the advent of the impending bioterrorist attack, the public information officer has to study the recorded video tape and advice the group on whether, how and when to communicate the information therein to the citizen. The aim of such communication would be to seek the citizen’s cooperation in the government’s plan and to prevent mass panic that ...

[Low flow anaesthesia with isoflurane in the dog]. This article in german compares the safety of high and low flow anesthesia in dogs preparing for surgery. Three groups of animals were divided into two low flow and one high flow groups. Vital signs were kept well controlled during the procedures. Notes the highest decrease in body temperature was in the high flow group, and a particularly cooled gas used for that group may have caused this. At least in the context of dogs, this article seems to treat the question of flow rate and core body temp. as a ...

Introduction

Ms. Q is a patient who was diagnosed with an HIV infection five years ago. She has continued to work as a receptionist at an insurance agency throughout this time. Although HIV is a contagious disease, one cannot contract it by touching or sitting next to infected person. Ms. Q recently took a tuberculin skin test, and the results came out positive. Since tuberculin is a very contagious disease, she has decided to share the results of her test with her co-workers and customers of the agency because of the risk she could cause them. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease cause by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( ...

- Identify one group from the text by Tucker and state one specific CBRN threat presented by that group. Then, identify the principles of detection, avoidance, protection, and decontamination from one specific CBRN hazard presented by that group. In 2001 the Islamist cult group that launched the Anthrax attack was considered a dangerous threat. According to Canadian Data Projections an anthrax attack on 100,000 Canadians would result in 50,000 anthrax cases, 32,875 deaths, 332,500 hospitalization days, and a cost of $ 6.5 billion. The detection process is difficult since anthrax an easily spore forming being delivered to a ...

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder. The inflammation of the airways and their hyper-responsiveness is responsible for several symptoms, which include coughing, wheezing, feeling of tightness in the chest area, and shortage of breath. Other characteristics of asthma include increased eosinophils, increased tissue contractibility, and thickened lamina reticularis. Although asthma has an early onset, all age groups can suffer from asthma, and all patients are at risk for acute asthma exacerbation, which leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Because asthma is a chronic disorder, drug therapy needs to be controlled and aimed at managing the disorder. A stepwise approach ...

Hydrogen cyanide, abbreviated AC by military, is an inorganic compound that is colorless and is extremely poisonous liquid. It has a boiling point (26°C) that is slightly more than the room temperature. The molecule of hydrogen cyanide is linear and has a triple bond that joins the carbon atom and nitrogen atom together. Hydrogen cyanide has a weak acidic mature with a pKa of 9.2 and is partially ionizes in a solution of water giving cyanide anion. A hydrogen cyanide solution in water, is referred to as hydrocyanic acid while the hydrogen cyanide salts are referred to as cyanides. Hydrogen cyanide is mainly ...

Discussion of the case

The case study is about the major incidents in the United States of America in October 2001. The country experienced a series of physical and biological terrorism acts. This created fear and tension among the citizens as they sought protection from the terrorism activities. The physical attack involved destruction of property and death of people due to the bombing by the Al Qaeda group. The biological terrorism involves an outbreak of anthrax disease in the United States. The two terrorism activities took place in the month of September and October in 2001. There was an attack by the Osama Bin ...

41. Alcoholism is the impairment of physical and mental health, which results from the consumption of large amounts of alcoholic beverages. This excessive consumption hinders effective fulfillment of social, family and occupational responsibilities. 42. A typical alcohol dependent person has physical and psychological dependence on the consumption of alcoholic drinks. Such a person shows alcohol withdrawal symptoms, which range from tremors to other serious manifestations of physical dependence. There are also alcohol associated illnesses among these individuals. Individuals will present with an addiction to alcohol where these individuals will use all the money to obtain alcohol. 43. Amphetamines ...

Background

Asthma is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the lining of airway and obstruction of lung airflow. It usually involves an increase in the number of inflammatory cells, most commonly eosinophils and to some extent basophils, mast cells, macrophages. (Eds. Brunton, et al., 2009) Asthma, together with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is considered as one ofthe most common obstructive lung diseases characterized by expiratory airflow obstruction. (eds. Longo, et al., 2012) An asthmatic patient usually presents with recurrent events of shortness of bright (SOB), chest tightness, and wheezing, “a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing caused by movement of ...

Abstract / Summary

This Literature Review is formulated with the intention to assess the dangers surrounding the detection of tar and nicotine content, specifically utilizing High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Also other methods to measure and evaluate the importance of these substances from a researcher's viewpoint. Attention will be primarily focused on HPLC as an important method to be utilized. Focus will also be directed at other methods used, such as taking blood samples to measure the effects of tar and nicotine. This Literature Review acknowledges the limitations of research as there are many risks regarding cigarette smoking that are relatively unknown. Moreover, ...

Pharmacokinetics of Levalbuterol

Levalbuterol is the R-enentiomer, which is a β2 –adrenergic receptor that is short-acting and agonist salbutamol. It is branded with various names including Levolin or Axazest (Peterson, 2004). Levalbuterol is a bronchodilator thus used in the treatment of asthma. Therefore, it widens breathing passages and makes breathing easier. The drug is available as a solution that is usedby a nebulizer and as an MDI. (Indra, 2004) The drug has different effects on the patient, which are detrimental in nature, which include anxiety, muscle cramps, weakness and irregular heartbeat. Another unlikely serious side effect that might happen is chest pains or wheezing. The systemic ...

Respiratory therapy involves treating, assessing and taking care of patients suffering from cardiopulmonary and breathing disorders. The patients could be of any age, from premature infants to neonates to the elderly with diseased lungs. Also, patients that suffer from lung ailments like emphysema, asthma or those in need of emergency care require the services of a respiratory therapist. Therefore, a respiratory therapist works closely with physicians and nurses to form a team. Respiratory therapists conduct diagnostic tests on their patients. They also evaluate them, monitor them, assess their progress and perform physical examinations on them. Respiratory therapists maintain the equipments in the ...

Smoke inhalation injuries in fire victims

The clinical manifestations of acute and chronic smoke inhalation injuries are due to two processes; one, the direct effects the inhaled substances have on the respiratory system that is, pulmonary injuries and the systemic effects induced by the toxic gases such as cyanide and carbon monoxide absorbed. Pulmonary injuries can further be categorized into those affecting the upper airway and those below the level of the glottis. Smoke inhalation triggers a systemic inflammatory response. Diagnosis of smoke inhalation injuries is based on the presenting symptoms and a battery of diagnostic tests majorly blood gas analysis.

Body

Injuries of the upper airway occur ...

Smoke Inhalation

Smoke inhalational injury is the most prominent cause of death in patients involved in fire accidents. It has been said that prevalence of death due to inhalation of smoke and other noxious substances stands between 60 and 80% in the United States. (Lafferty, 2010). Smoke inhalational injury remains a serious threat to the health of victims of explosions, house fires and other forms of fire disaster. (Murakami & Traber, 2002) In the Pathophysiology of acute and chronic Smoke Inhalational Injury, three mechanisms readily come into mind. They include thermal damage of the lung parenchyma, pulmonary irritation and asphyxiation. (Lafferty, 2010). ...

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of death in America. This is due to the multiple carcinogens contained within cigarette smoke which, when inhaled, mutate cells to create cancer and other conditions. Cigarettes also contain the addictive substance nicotine, which creates a physiological dependency upon smoking, leading the smoker to continue the habit. These two things lead to the development of a number of health problems, including emphysema, chronic obstructive lung diseases, cancer and more. A chronological account of the effects of cigarette smoking are outlined in this essay.

Cigarette smoking is universally regarded as one of the leading ...