Essays on Intellectuals

The article is a discourse on criminal justice, assessing the role of the bourgeois intellectuals who have in time over assigned contradicting explanations to criminal justice and prescribed prejudiced proposals on the role and extent of punishment of petty offenders. The paper covers the role of the political economy in influencing the views of these intellectuals, and the interplay between politics and the world view of these realists. It also looks at the investment made in criminal justice and the role of law enforcement in protecting the middle class from crimes and victimization resulting from such inter-class prejudice. According ...

during Times of Uncertainty during Times of Uncertainty

Introduction:

Times of uncertainty lead the public to seek both leadership and answers. They need answers, and ways to organize around issues of social significance which have created doubt, and indecision. In essence, they need help understanding the issue at hand and being offered an acceptable frame of reference when they, themselves, do not have the experience to come up with constructive solutions. Often this leadership comes out of the academic community. As such, the purpose of the current essay is to determine in what ways academics can contribute on issues of ...

Freedom is an important component of a society where political leaders, society members, intellectuals, and institutions come together to design and implement policies that focus on the need for mutual respect for each other’s freedom. Freedom and equality are therefore the best ways through which democracy of a nation is promoted such that both men and women become equal regarding liberty. In such cases, freedom and equality both co-exist in the way the former allows everyone to express their opinions or thoughts so long as they are not contrary to the law while equality ensures that everyone in ...

Term Paper

1500 words The Modern period continued to change the society until the late 20th century, where a new artistic era began and continued up to this day; the 21st century eventually became the Post-Modern Period and many radical changes brought by the Modernism is adopted by the new art styles to the point of it is hard to discern what Post-Modernism is all about. If Modernism concentrated on the preservation of ideal pure art, Post Modernism welcomed changes by using eccentric methods to produce contemporary art found in Modern Museums. The 21st century is currently covered by postmodern epoch ...

Introduction

Discussion Toward the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th Century, Chinese scholars began advocating for a system of government that embodied western ideology and philosophy. Chen Dixui, an intellectual influenced by western ideologies, returned to China to establish the New Youth magazine. The magazine advocated for communism, an idea that was invited by most Chinese at the time. Ci Yuan-Pei was responsible for reforming the higher education ideologies that became the heart of the New Culture Movement. Together with Hi Shu’s philosophies, the three intellectuals made up the New Culture Movement aimed at abolishing ...

Genocide, which can be defined as the action intended to eliminate certain national, ethnic, religious, or racial group, is regarded to be one of the cruelest and most inhumane acts performed by people. Among most known instances of the genocide are the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, the Bosnian genocide, the Armenian genocide, and the Cambodian genocide. Apparently, events that take place during genocides have incredibly painful effects on human beings and bring about variety types of suffering. It is particularly significant for the people to remember about horrible acts of genocide. The social institution which is capable to help ...

The Muslim movements after the Caliphate

After the abolition of the Ottoman Empire, and later the Caliphate in 1924, in the modern Muslim world began "non-Caliphate" period. This process was historically logical, because the theocratic form of government suffered a crisis in the Muslim world, where national movement and bourgeois relations were growing. Nominal power of the Sultan still existed, but only in name. In this situation, the Sultan resorted to Pan-Islamism policy, however corrupt administrative apparatus, a weak army and a weak economy, led this policy to the failure. By the early twentieth century in the country were rapidly spreading European ideas and values, ...

The May Fourth Movement and Chinese Literature

China has a long and rich history that stretches over several centuries. Part of that history, naturally, is a rich cultural history that includes a fine literary tradition. Unfortunately, most of that literary tradition is not well known to the West. Modern Chinese literature, that which is popular in the Western world, developed as a result of the cultural revolution that began with the May Fourth Movement. The May Fourth Movement was part of a cultural and political revolution in China that led to the birth of a new intellectual class in China as well as an opening up ...

Analysis Essay of “Hidden Intellectualism” by Gerald Graff

Gerald Graff in his essay “Hidden Intellectualism” explores the gap between the popular young and academic cultures that are often assumed as conflicting in the school environment and persuades his audience that actually these two domains can be effectively combined, as both represent a certain kind of intellectualism. The author argues that “street smarts” are hidden intellectuals, who do not recognize their own argumentative powers, and teachers in the school environment should encourage incorporation of popular culture into curriculum, as he believes that it may improve students’ performance, spur their interest in the academic research and stimulate young people ...

According to Verwoert (2005), the debate over whether conceptual art or medium specific art is better still continues to this day. One of the reasons it is frequently debated is that "an increasing interest in painting has begun to emerge, particularly in recent years." This has caused art production critics and the field in general to once again ask the question as to whether there is one type of methodology that should be considered the best to use, and whether another should be deemed unnecessary? It becomes necessary to compare and contrast the two for their aesthetic value and ...

Iran Revolution of 1979

Abstract The Iranian Revolution of 1979 involved the popular uprising in Iran against the regime of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. This paper examines many of the leading explanations for the uprising, including the rise of militant Islam, structural weaknesses of the Shah regime, the coalition of three important social groups (e.g. woman, youth, and the intelligentsia), the composition of the reform movement, and the effect of the Shah’s policies of accommodation and repression, to name a few. This paper also draws on leading theories in social movement theory, contemporary field work involving discussions with the Mullahs and their ...

The research problem will be to investigate whether the patrimonial political systems of Singapore and South Korea are democracies that surpass their liberal Western analogues in terms of national growth and even democratization in some ways. It appears that, contrary to the popular misperception, democracy is not necessarily a lack of restraint and complete discretion or at least a range of freedom like the right to media. Sometimes, states like Singapore being low on resources and facing external threats decide on less liberal norms and behaviors bordering on authoritarianism in specific aspects. Regulated merit-based selection practices and disciplining norms ...

Summary

Race Matters by Cornel West provides a detailed account of the African-American history within the United States. The book presents various controversies regarding the African American advancement. In chapter two and three titled The Pitfalls of Racial Reasoning and The Crisis of Black Leadership respectively, West discusses racial reasoning, its effect on African American leadership as well as how it reflects on the entire black community. According to West, racial reasoning is a concept that is based on the belief that for the struggle for equality to be effective, blacks have to speak with one voice and concentrate on ...

This presentation deals with what motivates people and it turns out that it is much more than a stick and a carrot because people are not easy to decipher. Their psyche is complicated and their behavior cannot always be predicted. People are not so easy to be manipulated which is why this presentation is challenging the usual beliefs. The story is about being rewarded and being punished which foster particular behavior while discouraging the other. There was a study at MIT which involved eminent economists who discovered that students perform well when they can do menial jobs, but it ...

During the 19th and 20th centuries, production grew rapidly and supply far exceeded the consumer demand. As a result, scarcity of goods was replaced by surpluses causing the markets in America to reach a point of saturation. In such a scenario, the business community and the economists opined that the problem of excess production could be effectively countered by boosting public consumption, which in turn would help the economy to grow (Beder 2). With an aim to increasing business profits and maintaining work ethics, businessmen and economists promoted consumerism by enlisting the working class along with the existing consumers ...

After the defilement of the congregation and consequent breakout of the French Revolution, their impact had extremely debilitated. Despite the fact that the impact of the clergy toward the end of the eighteenth century had practically no practical effect, the years to come after the end of the French Revolution demonstrated the quality and flexibility of the congregation. It wasn't until the state-church bargain was marked by both the religious pioneers and the administration pioneers of France when the enduring impact of Catholicism started to be felt once more, and thus, this impact would be felt all through history ...

The roles of women in Iraq and America compared to men are due to customs and traditions rather than religion. The rights of women in Iraq have improved through the years, their views and perception may still be old fashioned. And it is the main difference on Iraqi and American culture. Just like any other Asian countries, Iraq has very strong family ties. And the women are viewed as devoted and hard-working wives. Compared in America, women there take pride in being independent, expressing their own views and proving to that they can be capable of being more than ...