Essays on Intergovernmental Panel

HadCM3 stands for Hadley Center Coupling model version three. This global climate model (GCM) was developed by the Met Office Hadley Center for Climate Science and Services in 2000, and was used as one of the major GCM ever since, starting from the Third Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2001. The model includes two elements – HadAm3 (for atmospheric modeling) and HadOM3 (for oceanic modeling), therefore forming a coupling assessment model. The GCM was a further development of the previous model HadCM2, also developed at Hadley (Bloom, 184).

Model description

The model includes 2 elements for the ...

The countries and the world at large are facing many different crises currently. Different experts have come up with ways to predict the occurrence of different crisis in the near future. These predictions are important as they may give out information on how to prevent or overcome the crises, which mostly have adverse effects such as loss of lives or affect other crucial phenomena. I am going to cover predictions about climate change.

Summary

Climate change refers to the increment in global temperatures. There are several factors that lead to climate change such as natural events and human induced activities. ...

04 September 20XX

“Eppur si muove,” (“and yet it moves”) Galileo has been said to say after he withdrew his contention that the earth revolved around the sun. Whether Galileo said it or whether, as Hayton suspects it was an interesting fiction developed for a piece of art in the middle 1600s is ultimately irrelevant. It captures the essence of science. Indeed, it captures the absurdity of the phrase “settled science.” The “settled science” to which Gallileo ultimately capitulated was utterly wrong. And yet, indeed, it was the Earth that moved. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is ...

Introduction

Global warming is defined as “the rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system and its effects” (Gills, 2015). There are various strands of scientific evidence that reveals that the climate system of the earth is indeed warming. Today, the scientific comprehension of global warming is expanding. A substantial amount of research has been done on the matter. However, there is still a debate going on about global warming. One side emphasizes the cause of global warming as human or anthropogenic activities, and that there is a need to mitigate the effects of global warming – that ...

An issue that has been a main concern in politics has been climate change and of course global warming. Everyone wants to know if the activities of humans are changing the climate. They also want to know if it is possible they will encounter more serious disasters. However, it is difficult to provide answers as their concerns are quite challenging to those who are responsible for solving them. But it is important for all those that have concerns to understand that many new things are happening that were not predicted in the early 20th century. This is why I ...

Introduction

The concept of sustainable development was first introduced in 1987 by the United Nations as part of the Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, in which it was stated that sustainable development implies “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (United Nations General Assembly, 1987). The World Conservation Strategy published in 1980 served as prelude to the conception of this notion, as the UN recognized the importance of minimizing the impact of human activity over the earth’s ecosystems and adopting models inclined towards sustainability ...

Improved scientific understanding in recent years has shown that humans are the major causes of climate change on the planet. A report released by IPCC (the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2014 reports that it is “extremely likely” that the dominant cause of global warming in the 20th Century is the influence of humans. Human activities over the last two hundred years, since the beginning of industrialization, have caused a building up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and as a result, the Greenhouse Effect (a natural phenomenon which regulates the temperature of the earth) has increased ...

Global warming and climate change are two different terms that have been used over the years to describe different phenomena. Global warming refers to a subsequent increase in the global average temperature (Black & Weisel 5). On the other hand, climate change refers to global climate changes due to increasing average global temperatures brought by changes in rain patterns, increased drought and heat waves. These future projections in the change of global rainfall patterns can be derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports over the years. The argument that the use of term global warming has been ...

For the past few decades, there has been an increase in natural calamities that have been as a result of human activities. An increase in the overall atmospheric temperatures, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, mass extinction of entire species, flash floods and fluctuating weather patterns have become a common occurrence. Scientists raised alarm over this issue and slowly global warming has become a stark reality and imminent threat to the survival of humanity in years to come (Oreskes, 2004). With this in mind, there have been several global meetings aimed at charting the way forward and coming up with ...

The earth is considered to be a home for a billion people along with animals and another organism. A single person would take twenty thousand breaths a day. But is the air that we are breathing clean? Water is considered to be a source of life. But is the water that we drink clean? As children, we grew in a much safer and cleaner environment. But is the environment as clean and safe today? The growing population is considered to have direct impacts on the environment. Environmental pollution has increased 10-fold over the past decade. The grieving situation of planet earth is to be ...

Today, one of the global issues people face to is different types of pollution. With human development, pollution is becoming worse, and as a result, other issues appear. Among them are global warming, new diseases, deforestation and many others. But, it was not like this all the time, as at the beginning the level of pollution was not so high. Otherwise, it would have been an apocalypse already. That was the industry development that caused global pollution. Even in the late 13th century, people knew about air pollution. For instance, King of England Edward I punished every Londoner, who ...

ABSTRACT

Spring-time events such as flowers budding have advanced by two and a half days per decade since the 1970s in Prairie regions (Korner C, Science, 2010).The flowering of a plant is a central event in its life-cycle, especially in plants growing in temperate regions of the world. These events are known as phenological changes and phenology is the study of plant and animal life-cycles in relation to annual and seasonal climate variations. Flowering phenology combines various diverse fields of study such as plant physiology, climatology, historical studies, and botany (Tooke F, J of Exp. Biology, 2010). The break of dormancy ...

The issue of Climate Change should be everyone’s concern. The reports under scrutiny offer contradictory discussions on the topic of Global Climate Models however, all our efforts should be directed towards environmental sustainability by addressing the issue from a scholarly perspective by giving workable recomendations. Climate change is the presently the most challenging issue facing the globe today. Many organizations have been on the frontline trying to find what the causes of climate change are and offer possible solutions to the same. The report by (NIPCC) Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change offers key findings on issue of ...

SUSTAINABILITY OF SINGAPORE’S S.E.A. AQUARIUM

PART I

Introduction There is a growing awareness about the pace of global warming as well as the socio-political, economic, political and other effects it has had, and is likely to have on the human population and the natural environment. The planet’s temperatures have risen by 1.4°F over the last century, and are expected to rise by a further 2 to 11.5°F the course of this century. With the increases in the plant’s surface temperatures have resulted in increases in the energy stored in the climate system, and with it, there is ...

IPCC Summary for Policymakers: A Critique

Climate change and global warming is a complex topic that has the world divided on opinion. Many researchers and scientists believe that it does exist and that human activities have a major role in it. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an international panel that provides thorough reviews of international literature relevant to the understanding of climate change. The subject of this critique is the 2014 report entitled "Summary for policymakers," which is a contribution of one of the IPCC's working groups to their fifth assessment report on climate change. It summarizes the impacts of climate change on human and ...

A Call to Action

Throughout its history, the Earth has experienced drastic fluctuations in its average surface temperature, with multiple ice ages and periods of natural global warming. However, in recent years, the rate at which the global temperature has increased is unparalleled and cause for concern. The effects and predicted effects of this major and relatively rapid global warming are varied and extensive. Global warming has likely been and will continue to wreak havoc on sea levels, weather patterns, human health, buildings and communities, agriculture and other components of life on Earth as we know it, making global warming the most important ...

Introduction

The media remains imperative in its effort to sensitize, inform, and educate the public about evolving issues that surrounds the world. Despite this, the media has addressed the impacts of global warming in a bias way and it has politicized the whole issue; hence, blowing the issue of global warming out of proportion. For this reason, it has changed the public perception about climatic change and global warming. With regard to this, this paper seeks to explore the credibility and reliability of the media in its efforts to address the impacts of climatic change and global warming. In this regard, ...

Global warming together with climate change that comes with it has produced a heated debate as to whether or not human anthropogenic activity induced climatic shifts pose an actual threat to the Earth and humankind. Industrial activity effects in deforestation, acid rains, water pollution, and greenhouse effect are well-documented, so is their overall impact on ecology and health of species. Once global warming reaches a hazardous point, it is sure to have world ocean level go up while humankind will have to witness its most beautiful marine cities submerge. The reality of the global warming is that people cannot handle the ...

Whenever I think about climate change, my understanding is more ideological and economic. In the New York Times Article by Justin Gills, “U.N. Climate Panel Endorses Ceiling on Global Emissions”. The U.N climate panel recently endorsed an upper limit on greenhouse gases, which establishes a target level which people must stop these emissions or face dire climatic changes. The target level established was predicted to be exceeded in relatively short time if measures were not taken to curb emissions. Human related activity was cited as the leading cause of Global warming. The climate panel endorsed a “carbon budget” for humanity. This ...

Sea Level Rise in Australia

Introduction This case study focuses on the sea level rise in Australia. It is with no doubt that rising sea levels are a major impact of the adverse effects climate change and may affect millions of lives in the coming years. Understanding the causes and effects of the rise in sea levels, would further be able to provide solutions to mitigate and provide solutions to this emerging problem in Australia and the whole world. The purpose of the study is to provide clear information on the direct and indirect impacts associated with sea level rise in Australia, to explain ...

The Human Factor

The Human Factor

Introduction

According to a report, the smallmouth bass are dying in the Susquehanna River. Also, there are indications that robins migrate farther north now and butterflies head out on distance migration 24 days earlier than usual (Lancaster Online, 2013). In one way or other, biologist Ed Perry is blaming global warming for climatic changes which are adversely affecting the wildlife. No one, be it a biologist or student in middle school, is unacquainted with the term ‘global warming’ which is a result of excessive accumulation of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere. It is one of the most crucial issues ...

Energy fuel consumption- Statistic Project by using ANOVA table and Hypothesis

INTRODUCTION There is a lot to learn about the energy fuel consumption in Canada. Rather, the energy fuel consumption has got a list of salient features so as to find out the profits generated from this consumption. Canada is one of the largest energy producers and exporters of products in the world. The project aims at calculating the connection between different variables related to energy fuel consumption in Canada. Owing to my immense interest in learning about this field, I have collected a lot of raw material I have had a lot of interest in learning about the energy consumption industry ...

Introduction

In the recent past, many scientists have provided evidence on how global warming that result from greenhouse gases may adversely affect the arctic regions (including tundra biome). These scientists argue that the excess abundant of greenhouse gases will cause global warming of the earth's climate in the near future. This global rise in temperature is more likely to damage the Antarctic and Arctic biome that than all other biome. This is because global warming is expected to shorten arctic tundra's winters and melt snow that covers permafrost. As a result of this, there will be flooding in many coastal areas. ...

The paper is dedicated to the study of ecological balance and possible reasons that could lead to the consequent change of the world climate. In particular, two groups of hypotheses are analyzed. The first group deals with reasons that are conditioned by the changes in the energy received by the Earth from the Sun. The possible changes in the Sun itself and in the dust clouds that can affect the way the energy is taken by the planet are considered. The second group of hypotheses is dedicated to the changes in CO2 level and possible consequences it can lead ...

Introduction

In modern times, human activities caused and continue to cause massive changes to the composition of the environment. One of the most pressing concerns of both scientific and public communities is the advanced greenhouse effect brought about by the anthropogenic activities worldwide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has reported that climate change already showed strong impacts on human societies and the natural world. This impact is expected to continue for the coming years. (IPCC, 2007) Adaptation is a necessary strategy. This is because the present and the forecasted disruption sin the climate as advanced by the continuous and ...