Essays on Interleukin

Introduction

Stem cell therapy has proved to be a boon for the medical world. It has made treatment of many diseases a lot easier than it could have been ever imagined. Diseases which were earlier considered untreatable can now be treated with the help of this latest development in the field of Medical Science, known as the stem cell transplant. Many medical researchers believe that stem cell transplant have enormous potential to change the face of disease among the humans and relieve them from their sufferings. There already are a good number of stem cell treatments existing in the medical ...

HCV or Hepatitis C virus infection has over 5 million people affected in US (Chak, et al., 2011) and over 120 million people worldwide hence a global health problem. This virus belongs to Hepacivirus genus and Flaviviridae family (Lindenbach, et al., 2007) with six genotypes and with more than seventy subtypes. In approximately 85% infected individuals it may be unresolved, hence representing a significant hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis cause. It is viewed as commonest cirrhosis cause and chronic liver disease in the world. It also represents the main liver transplantation cause in USA, Europe, and Australia (Thimme, et ...

I. Google Search A. http://www.mymsaa.org/about-ms/overview/ This is a website of Multiple Sclerosis Association of America. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease wherein the myelin sheath sof the nerves are damaged causing symptoms such as numbness, fatigue, mobility problems and more (Mymsaa.org). 5 Facts

A steroid (Cortisone) was first to treat Multiple Sclerosis relapses in the year 1951.

The French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot gave MS its name in 1868. The myelin sheath or the protective covering of nerves is damaged in MS. “Lesions” or “plaques” are the inflamed or damaged areas in the brain and spinal cord. Worldwide, about 2.5 million individuals have Multiple Sclerosis. (Mymsaa.org) No specific author was indicated in the page. ...

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Diagnosis, Management and Follow-up of Asthma

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: According to Kumar, Abbas and Aster (2015), there are various types of asthma classified based on their etiology. Atopic asthma is thought to be caused by a response mounted by T- Helper2 cells and IgE. It is in response to exposure to environmental allergen in a specified group of genetically susceptible individuals. The core pathogenetic mechanism is inflammation of the airway which is brought about by release of inflammatory mediators. The cytokines and mediators that brought and amplify airway inflammation are interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interleukin-13 which promote mucous secretion from mucus secreting glands in the lining ...

Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized in adrenal glands with a myriad of functions mainly in the endocrine and immune systems, and produced during stress circumstances. Under normal conditions, stimuli such as a pathogen release immune proteins called interleukins, which further activate T-lymphocyte cells. T-cells multiply to amplify the immune response and ultimately attack the pathogen (Abbas, 2014). Other immune responses are simultaneously activated, e.g. the complement system. The complement system exerts its functions through three pathways: classical, alternative or lectin pathways. The main activators of the classical pathway are antigen-antibody complexes, which trigger a series of events mainly mediated by complement proteins ...

Immunology Disorders

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from various parasites, bacteria, virus etc. that try to destabilize the homeostasis. Naturally, the immune system is considered one of the most important mechanisms that help us recuperate from diseases. When the immune system malfunctions and starts destroying self-cells, it leads to certain disorders. In other circumstances, the immune system may be suppressed and fail to kill disease causing cells. Here we will discuss a few disorders of the immune system.

HYPERSENSITIVITY TYPE I

Allergy or hypersensitivity type I is also known as allergic reaction or intolerance, in this scenario the immune system creates a ...

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Regulation of Xiap Protein in Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the breast. Two most commonly reported types of breast cancer are “ductal carcinoma” and “lobular carcinoma”. Ductal carcinoma is initiated in the lining of the milk ducts, which are thin tubes involved in carrying of milk from lobules of the breast to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma can be in the form of Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as well as Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). IDC is the most commonly found type of breast cancer ...

(Author) Stress is a condition of mental or emotional strain or tension. Body responds to various stressors every day. Stressors may include emotional reactions to situations such as traffic, heat, or cold from the environment or an object, heavy bleeding from a wound, or even substance abuse. There are three phases or stages of the stress response. In Stage 1, which is represented by Alarm reaction, body gives instantaneous response to the physical, mental, or emotional upset. This response is also known as “fight or flight” response. In Stage 2, which is represented by Resistance, body responds by moving towards ...

Abstract

This paper focuses on a case study involving a patient with heart disorder. The paper answers nine questions based on the case study. The case study helps provide insight into symptoms management heart diseases.

Question 1

Both health and nutritional status of PF are poor. To start with, he has a medical history of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema presents with among other signs and symptoms, shortness of breath and course breath sounds. Given that PF has been complaining of shortness of breath, it follows that he might be experiencing yet another episode of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema can also be suspected given that heart ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV is a retrovirus, which is a unique virus family consisting of RNA as the genetic material instead of DNA. This genetic material is surrounded by an envelope of lipoprotein. HIV differs structurally from other members of the family retrovirus. It is roughly spherical and has a diameter of around 120 nm. Human Immunodeficiency Virus comprises of two copies of non-covalently joined positive single-stranded RNA enveloped by a conical capsid that consist of the p24 viral protein, which is typical of lentiviruses. Lysine tRNA is reverse transcriptase that is magnesium dependent and is involved in the packaging of both ...

I. Introduction to exercise

Every year, nearly over 300,000 deaths are accredited to inappropriate diet and devoid of exercise, and a sedentary lifestyle has for long been recognized as an autonomous risk dynamic for cardiovascular disease. Even though physical dormancy escalates risk for both morbidity and all-cause mortality, it is one influence wherein alteration can create dramatic enhancements in health. Systematic exercise has been revealed to develop lipid aberrations, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension control, with the paramount benefits recognized by sedentary persons who start to exercise (Braith et.al, 1995). Nonetheless, reactions to exercise interventions are regularly extremely adjustable among persons, and research ...