Essays on International Affairs

The Long-range goals set for foreign policy have been consistency since 1990, a period which has been associated with different presidents, wars and worst terrorists in the nation. Among the goals, the top priority is protecting the Americans from the terrorist’s attacks. The nation is known to be associated with worst attacks which lead to deaths of lots of people and destruction of the property thus affecting the entire operations of the country. The second goal is protecting the jobs of the American citizens. There is a record rate of 81 % on the success of protecting the American ...

Introduction

Since the republics in the Soviet Union proclaimed independence in 1991, there have been significant changes concerning the ethno cultural, and demographic situation. The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the major reason behind the creation of the Russian Diaspora. More than twenty-five million Russian citizens found themselves in the midst of newly and freshly created states, which were often redesigned as their new political dwellings (Beissinger, 2008). After some time, the displaced Russians were compelled to either assume a fresh political identity, or to return to the Russian Federation, which was newly created. Assuming fresh political identity would ...

POLITICS AND WARFARE

The world wars and especially the First World War was one that took the world with a shock, it is was unprecedented. Never I the history of the world had there been so many nations forming allies and fighting each other in a bid to gain military strength and help protect national interests(Beckett 225). To say that the growing tensions that lead to the occurrence of this war had been foreseen as something that could lead to a potentially catastrophic world war would be tantamount to rhetoric, however, there were subtle cues and several instances that when keenly ...

Abstract

When the Soviet Union collapsed in the 1990s after the Cold War, the international arena has shifted drastically from the nature of the status quo to the conflicts that continues to trouble several regions today. In terms of the status quo, many nations adhered to democratization that resolved many conflicts that were influenced by the Cold War. On the other hand, the nature of conflicts after the Cold War have drastically changed as some wars are now fought by different actors and the intensity of each conflict varies. At the present time, conflicts persist throughout the globe and even ...

INTRODUCTION

The electric car was introduced to the market over a hundred years ago. The car used a battery to power most of its applications during operation. There are two varieties of the electric vehicle in the market. First, the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has a battery and a system of the electric drive but has no capacity to plug in. The second type is a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) which obtains its energy from liquid fuel or the battery and has a plugin. Over the years, the performance capacities of these cars have been improved up to 300 hp ...

Introduction

Finances have such a tendency as to influence production, distribution, and consumption. At the same time, one ought to note that they have an objective character. The role of finances in economics is constantly enforcing and reflecting distributing relations of the increasing complexity within society.

General Information

Definition of Financial System If we just proceed to the definition of a financial system at all, it should be therewith noted that this phenomenon stands for a complex of controllable finance-legal norms of financial affairs and financial establishments that help a state to form, to distribute, and to use both centralized and decentralized ...

The constitution can be defined as the main legal document or a set of documents that governs the key aspects of life in countries. There are no established rules regarding the form and content of constitutions taking into account the different approaches to establishing and ruling the states along the history. As Newton and Deth (2010) fairly notice, “Every modern democracy has a unique set of government institutions, and combines them in unique ways” (p. 71). It determines the functions of the main government institutions and politicians who serve as country’s representatives. Therefore, it specifies the separation of ...

In late September 2001, while most of the nation’s law enforcement and was focused on Al Qaeda and the beginning of the “Global War on Terrorism”, one Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) counterintelligence investigation was closing in on a more traditional threat, namely a “mole” deep in the heart of the intelligence community working for a long-time enemy. Ana Belen Montes was born on February 28, 1957 in West Germany to Alberto and Emilia Montes. At the time Alberto was an Army physician stationed in Germany. After a number of further deployments, the Montes’ eventually settled in Towson, ...

Justification of the study

The world is indeed moving towards a becoming a global image and as a result, more nations, especially neighboring countries, have been greatly encourage to establish strong relationships and mutual working environments. This will not only see the residents of both countries coexist freely but will also greatly contribute towards creating a peaceful world, where people are concerned about their colleagues, irrespective of the race, gender, ethnicity or nationality (Lahn, Stevens, & Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2011). Iran and Saudi Arabia are two neighboring states in Asia and thus their continuously deteriorating diplomatic relations is not only a matter ...

Research of international relations in the modern world are positioned and position themselves as a scientific discipline. Accordingly, the positioning of research in international relations as a science can be used for their theoretical and methodological understanding of the extensive on processing made in the field of history of science and philosophy of science. Wide range of classical IR theories give us a more theoretical understanding of world affairs and system of international relations. However, the situation worldwide is changing and not every traditional theory is able to describe or explain the roots of problem. Therefore, in that case ...

The Europeans played a major role in the creation of order in the disorderly world, especially during the age of war. The European societies as well as the states sought to establish order in the twentieth century after many of the societies in the world were disturbed and weakened by the warfare, conflicts, revolutions, and global epidemics that defined this period. The influence of the Europeans on the international society was essential and extensive throughout the period. The role of the Europeans was pronounced in the theoretical ideologies, the political ideologies, and the technological approaches that enabled the creation ...

Abstract

World War I was one of the worst modern warfare with regards to the amount of destruction it caused. Its impact was based on the use of advanced weapons able to cause massive damage, the involvement of a huge population in the war, huge investments, economic sabotage, and barbarity. Nevertheless, it helped to end the war, allow for negotiations, solve border conflicts, and establish the League of Nations to manage global peace. However, it failed to achieve permanent agreements and left different countries dissatisfied and ready to revenge on their adversaries. There was also antagonism between the negotiators due to ...

After the recent presidential pools in the US and the retention of Mr. Osama as the American president, much was written in the media as pertains to his re-election. Below is a discussion of some of the terms and phrases that might were widely used by most of the dailies.

- Second-term (Clymer Para 1): in the political context in America, this term is used to describe a situation where an individual, especially a president, is elected for the second and final term of two years at the helm of the country’s politics. However, it has to be noted ...

Introduction:

Jimmy Carter was a President with a difference and even today he is still quite appreciated for his philanthropic work although his term as President was marked by a rather benign foreign policy which unfortunately did not always work and left him with considerable baggage in this respect.

Perhaps the American nation had high expectations regarding foreign policy especially after the disaster of the Watergate scandal and the quite uneventful Presidency of Gerald Ford. Notwithstanding all this, Carter was also quite unlucky in the sense that a number of issues occurred on his watch which could have been avoided especially the Iranian Revolution ...

Executive Summary 3

1.0 Introduction (Ahmed) 4 2.0 Planning (Ahmed) 5 3.0 Organization (Abdullah) 7 4.0 Controlling (Mohammed) 8 5.0 Leadership 10 6.0 Conclusion 12 7.0 Recommendation 13

References 15

Appendix A. Emirate Airlines Organizational Structure 17 Executive Summary The Emirates group is made up of Emirates Airlines owned by the government of Dubai and is based on the busiest airport within the Middle East, and the Dubai National Air Transport Association (DNATA). According to Nagraj (2013), the Emirates Airlines has been a success story ever since the commencement of its activities in 1985 and has continuously ...

Introduction

This study seeks to provide concise yet comprehensive information on the value of diplomacy in combating terrorism, which is an issue of grave concern to the international community. Diplomacy, in the context of terrorism, posits invaluable virtues for resolving matters between conflicting parties in international relations. The organization of human beings within communities – a phenomenon that traces back to early history, has rendered the use of diplomatic skills and reasoning, given varying community interests that tend to conflict with one another. It is notable to consider that engaging in warfare has become the predominant method for dealing with international affairs ...

Introduction

The paper is a review of the writings of Kenneth waltz and Alexander Wendt. The two differ in the approach of discussing the anarchical realms of the world. They agree on the use of force as a method of survival for the states. Thesis Statement The main argument of the paper is the contention that anarchy is relative a states. The paper takes the social constructivism approach is discussing anarchy in the world. International political arena is equated to a jungle where there are no rules.

Body

The paper delves into the discussion of the three principles of political structures ...

Classical Realism, or Traditional Realism (Waltz, 2003: 21), and Neorealism, or Structural Realism (Jakobsen, 2013), are “two of the major approaches” in the study of international politics (Waltz, 2003: 21). Robert Keohane (1986: 159) considers Classical Realism as the “central tradition” in the study of international politics, while Jo Jakobsen (2013) considered Neorealism as the “bedrock theory of International Relations.” Despite the efforts of their respective proponents to distinguish one theory from the other, commonalities between Classical Realism and Neorealism do occur. First, both would agree that changes in policymaking among states “happen” more than making it happen ( ...

Introduction

Classical realism and neo-realism represents the evolution and proliferation of international politics. Even in contemporary times, the political leaders staunchly represent these theories in their practical application of political ideals. This paper is an extensive study of these two forms of realism. It begins by defining realism; then identifies the major differences among these concepts and exemplifies its significance across the world. Finally, a conclusion is drawn by elaborating on contemporary politics and its use/rebuttal of these concepts.

Defining realism

According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2013), realism has its foundation in theories proposed by Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes. It is ...

Introduction

For a long time, Australia has always been outward-looking nation that is strongly engaged and involved with the rest of the world. The last two centuries have particularly witnessed Australia build strong as well as enduring ties with countries across the global landscape. The bonds between Australia and many countries across the world have been forged and facilitated through a variety of aspects that range from history, trade, common strategic interests, sporting events and so on. The nature of the Australian society has also played a great role in facilitating the forging of superb relationships with other countries. Twenty-eight percent of the nation’ ...

Report: Health – Politics, Policy, and Planning

Report: Health – Politics, Policy, and Planning 3 Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4

Links between Health Policies and Politics 5 Health Systems in the European Union (EU) 6 Health Policy Responses to the Financial Crisis in Europe 7 The Importance of Healthcare Planning 8 Conclusions 8 Recommendations 8

References: 9

Report: Health – Politics, Policy, and Planning Executive Summary This report discusses the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), the links between healthcare and politics, the different types of health systems adopted by the nations of the European Union (EU) and the responses by ...

In every event, issue or controversy, it is noticeable that the United States of America possibly finds itself included one way or the other. As the most influential and powerful country in the globe, Americans would argue that these events and issues would likely affect the country even if affected countries or sectors did not call for American involvement. Some people would accept America’s involvement due to the country’s overall capacity and influence while others would be weary for the possible intentions of the Americans in the issue. However, America was not always this active in international, ...

Report: Health – Politics, Policy, and Planning

Report: Health – Politics, Policy, and Planning 3 Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4

Links between Health Policies and Politics 5 Health Systems in the European Union (EU) 6 Health Policy Responses to the Financial Crisis in Europe 7 The Importance of Healthcare Planning 8 Conclusions 8 Recommendations 8

References: 9

Report: Health – Politics, Policy, and Planning Executive Summary This report discusses the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), the links between healthcare and politics, the different types of health systems adopted by the nations of the European Union (EU) and the responses by ...

Introduction

In the recent years, there has been a heated debate on the position and role of women in development in Saudi Arabia. There has been a lot of controversy surrounding the issue of women rights in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is due to the cultural background and the social attitudes towards the role of women in the development of the society. The current position of women and the rise of successful women in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be attributed to social events that have occurred in the kingdom for the last century (Altorki 55-85). The study of ...

The history of the Caribbean is one that is rich with the culture or influence of many European influences. The legacy of colonialism contributed to much of the economic issues facing the Caribbean countries today. In order to understand the impact of the colonial legacy, one must first understand that colonialism takes the resources from a particular country, and utilizes it to promote the country that is colonized. In addition, it represents the expansion of a nation's power over countries and the people within the boundaries of that country to aid in the economic control over their labor, resources, and markets. ...

Introduction

The aim of this essay is to determine the rise of China as a major in the Pacific and the analytical content in its military, economic and trade behavior, inevitably captured in the global scale. The research examines the tension that is increasingly attributed to the Sino US relations on Australia’s strategic environment. The study go beyond the analysis of the stress factors that are attributed to Australia’s international partnering concepts and the changes experienced through the decade in its underlying relations with both the US and China. In this scale of analysis, the longer measures in the ...

War of the Worlds: Comparisons between the Novel and Movie (2005) Versions

Introduction

Both H.G. Wells and Steven Spielberg are geniuses in their respective fields proven by their marvels in working on one story – War of the Worlds. Wells, the author of the original novel of War of the Worlds published in 1898, cast his story in an era that is way beyond his own time. The obsession most people during the time War of the Worlds was written on particular phenomena such as the Apocalypse, invasions by forces more powerful than their nation Great Britain and extraterrestrial life-forms helped ...

Annotated Bibliography

Locate in Kent, Research Department. “Economic Impacts of Olympic Games.” 2009. Web. 26 March 2014. This report includes an analysis and summary of a variety of articles and journals on the benefits of hosting Olympic Games. It compares the different markets and economic activity prior the Games, of each hosting city, and the impact these had on them. The benefit of this report is that it will provide an overview and summary of the available articles and a starting point of analysis. OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers. “Local Development Benefits from Staging Global Events: Achieving ...

Growing Popularity on the Internet 3

Threats on the Internet 5 Combatting Security Threats 9 Cyber security Threats 11 Safeguarding the Open Internet 13 Security Tokens 15 Other industry features on the Internet 16 Strain between Cyber security and Open Internet 16 We Have No Control over Security on the Internet 18 Conclusion 19

References: 19

Security on the Internet The internet is an integral part of modern communication. Yet it is also the source of many security issues of private information because of its widespread nature and availability. These security issues are associated partly to the inherent ...

Question One: How the US should deal with China

In the course we had discussed a number of readings that suggest that the US should deal with the rise of China by employing balance-of-power tactics. Other readings argue that the US can manage its relations with China more optimally by making China an equal co-partner in international institutions. I agree with the first perspective which states that the US should deal with the rise of China by employing balance-of-power tactics. The optimal option which aims at making these two countries equal co-partners in international institutions would not work and if attempted would be likely to fail shortly after it ...

(q1) The CFSP, as stated by Crowe (2003), is the successor of the European Political Cooperation (1969) and introduced through the Maastricht Treaty (1993) as a means to create a common foreign and security policy representing the European position on issues on international affairs. Most of the parts of the EPC has transcended to the CFSP, independent from the Treaty of Rome and most of its decisions are done through unanimity, fostering common policies to develop for the region . (q2) The need for a CFSP had been outlined in the 1970 Luxembourg Report that created the EPC. It was raised that Europe ...

Introduction

The formation and disappearance of states and nations at the end of the Cold War became confusing to both policy makers and theorists. There have been arguments that the lack of theoretical preparation originates from two tendencies in the conventional theorizing. The first conventional theorizing is the dominant focus on cohesive nation-state as the sole actors of world politics makes it uneasy to determine the differences between the nation and the state. The second conventional theory according to these arguments is that traditional theory usually treats these two units as fixed (Zurich, 2009). In the modern turbulent world of ...

The European Union in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

- Introduction and Research Question For decades, the Israelis and the Palestinians had remained at odds with one another because of the decades-old conflict on mutual recognition, territorial boundaries, and national identities that still remains unresolved despite various negotiations held for the resolution of the conflict. According to Tessler (1994), the conflict can be traced since the 19th century when the Zionists and the Arabs first came into contact and argued as to their right of access and claim to the religious sites such as Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Canaan. However, the arguments escalated as the Arabs and Palestinians ...

Summary

An academic area of examination may be deduced to exist when a logical body of knowledge is built to define topic of inquiry. Acknowledged levels come to be used to certify and train specialists; full-time job opportunities become obtainable in university research and teaching; learned societies are established to promote study and dialogue; and publishing sites become available to aid disseminate new ideologies and analysis. In a nutshell, an institutionalized system of scholars comes into being, a distinct study community with its own limitations, rewards. The International political economy (IPE) is less than 50 years old since its inception. According to ...

1890s marked a change of American perception on World Affairs. Three decades before 1890, the country was in oblivion of what went on beyond North American boarders. Citizens and the government were indifferent to world affairs. This stance would change abruptly and the country would go into wars and acquire territorial possessions. The period marked the beginning of world influence of American presidents. They began playing core roles in the world stage. This work seeks to unearth the possible reasons for such a dramatic change of stage play. It dissects the American history of the moment to reveal the reasons that ...

Perhaps it is clichéd to say, but the world is increasingly interconnected. Jet travel and the internet facilitate international dialogue in ways hitherto unimagined. In earlier ages, for an individual to visit another nation required vast resources and involved much personal risk. However, today, direct dialogue with people on opposite ends of the earth is a commonplace occurrence, and the completion of large transactions, advanced levels of education, or negotiating the finer points of an international treaty, occurs daily using modern communication infrastructure. Today the international traveler is quite usual, and personal connections with people from other parts of ...

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different viewpoints of realist and liberal theories of international cooperation. The paper will examine the key concepts and basic logic of these political theories of liberalism and realism, including their strengths and weaknesses.

This theoretical approach to international cooperation was the dominant political theory during the Cold War, which was represented by the struggle for power and dominance between two ideological camps: a democratic camp led by the United States and a communist camp led by the Soviet Union. According to the realist approach, international affairs are referred to as a struggle for ...

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Introduction

The United States (US) has placed itself in a dominant position in global affairs during the Cold War, as it tussled against the equally footed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Cold War seemed like a never-ending tug-of-war between the two perceived “superpowers”, although at least one had to lose, eventually. Come 1991, the dissolution of the USSR left the US as the clear winner of their decades-long debacle. With the US having the upper hand, several changes have to settle in the post-Cold War era. This study is an attempt to lay out various ...

[University Affiliation]

Abstract

Military use of unmanned drones has increased in the war against terrorism. Just recently after the marathon bombing a drone was used to attack and kill a local al-Qaeda leader in the Arabian Peninsula. Drones are being used in many forms to include spying, tracking and killing. This case study will present data about using drones in violent conflicts or threats and the ethical dilemmas of doing so. Should the government be allowed to use these forms of technology without restrain or specific governing laws? These are question for you to explore and decide if using drones is ethical.

Introduction

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Question 1

When we are living in a global society it is significant to determine the means to engage in the relation across our own boarders. Involvement in many interactions and integration in political, economic and social values are fundamental elements for the survival of each country. Therefore, it is very essential for any leader of a country to have sufficient knowledge about the policy and laws affecting various countries across the world. The effective leader must have a prolific knowledge about the national laws and policy, international bodies, such as NATO and UN, and the statute as well. In the modern world, ...

Introduction

The militarization of the American foreign policy has is a great challenge to the future national security and political goodwill of the U.S. Most of the U.S. international affairs budget is being shifted to the military. This is the same case to the operational power of the U.S. foreign policy. Former generals have been appointed to major cabinet foreign policy posts. The military’s role in delivering of the foreign policy might be hefty for the military leading to an imbalance. It would result to too much reliance on the defense forces. The bias of the foreign policy on the ...

Introduction

Over the past decade, China has expanded its diplomatic, economic and political activities in many nations. China’s presence is more pronounced in the African continent, as the country seeks to develop closer geopolitical partnershipswith African states. Unlike the West that has little, if any, history of cooperation with China, Chinese leaders believe that given Africa’s longstanding political history with China, the continent offers immense opportunities for future partnerships (Nye, 2004, p.31). This has been viewed as some kind of generalization and exceptionalism of China’s activities in Africa. Based on various theoretical concepts and perspectives, this ...

The Arab Springs and Karl Marx’s Theory of Capitalism

Introduction Sociology resonates around analysis and observation of social relations. It goes further than that and explains occurrences in life and their remedies. In the field of sociology, Karl Marx occupies an important niche for his appreciated contribution in terms of analysing, explaining and predicting societal events and outcomes. One would remember that Karl Marx opposed the concept of capitalism and predicted that it would crumble down to socialism before finally settling on communism. Indeed, it is also historically recorded that Karl Marx was the face and father of communism. His original theory has been adjusted by contemporary ...

Discussions on the Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan Vis-à-vis The Morgenthau Plan The European Recovery Program, better known as the Marshall Plan, is an aid program of the United States (US) that granted Western Europe $13 million in funds between 1947 and 1951. A program that sought to reconstruct Western Europe in the aftermath of the Second World War, it proved instrumental for the rise of US hegemony in international affairs. Yet, the rise of the US as a hegemon did not come as an objective of the plan. Rather, it emerged consequentially ...

Report: Low Carbon Transport Systems

Summary Research sources selected for this paper include three strategy / policy approaches to achieving a low carbon transportation system. “Towards low carbon transport in Europe” describes the European Union (EU) policies and plans they have set in place to achieve the desired CO2 emission reductions. “Low Carbon Transport: A Greener Future” is the UK’s strategy document. The United Kingdom, as a member country of the EU thus shares some of its plans and targets. A more locally-based research source is “Birmingham Low Carbon Transport Strategy 2011+” – a low carbon transportation system strategy from the perspective of an English city ...

I. Introduction: Statement of Claim

The American public has for a long time rested in the shadow of the belief that the United States is a super power. Many citizens of the United States are not concerned with what happens beyond the borders of the United States. I have personally come across Americans who think that Africa is a country. This shows how ignorant some Americans are regarding international affairs. A New York Times/CBS News national poll conducted in 2010 showed that about 60% of Americans were concerned with domestic affairs like unemployment. Only about 3% of the sampled population was concerned ...

The idea of collaboration between nations is a difficult one to ponder; there are often too many rifts in religion, society and notions of expansion to make peaceful relations easy. However, scholars throughout history have attempted to find ways to secure that magic formula for allowing countries to interact peacefully with one another; many of these theories have overly optimistic views on how nations and peaceful diplomacy works, while some attempt to find realistic common ground between two or more sets of people. Madeleine Albright's perspective on diplomacy rests on finding common ground through religion and faith. Conversely, Thomas Friedman ...

The End of the US’ Isolationist Foreign Policy

The United States, at present, is considered the only remaining superpower in the globe after its successes in the World Wars and the Cold War. Its humble beginnings were filled with strife as it has first fought a gruesome war against its European oppressors before it has gained its independence. Upon the early years after the Revolutionary war, they have adopted a more isolated stance regarding international affairs and a more withdrawn stance in intervening in other’s affairs. If this is the case, how did the United States of America become a powerful and influential actor in the international political arena? What ...

The End of US Isolationist Policy

Before the United States became one of the most influential countries in the globe, it has experienced many internal wars and ideological battles that have caused the country to go on a state of isolationism from the globe. They became scared of the possible return of the Europeans in their borders and made the country off-limits to anyone. But, upon the dawn of the late 1800s, some members of the government and citizens believe that it’s time to re-engage with the outside world and strengthen the country. How these wars and changes in political ideologies were influence the US ...

Introduction

Technology involves all the steps and procedures which are involved in making, using and having knowledge of tools and techniques used to solve a problem. Technology means the skills that are involved in making work easier and ensuring the quality production of a given piece of work. Technology affects human species and other animals both directly and indirectly. The use of technology has been in place since time immemorial. (Ellul, 1967) Man initially converted natural resources into simple tools that helped him in accomplishing certain tasks. There have been several technological developments which include the printing press, internet and the use ...

Just war

The current era is laden with myriads of civilian casualties. At one place, civilian is being tortured and at another place you will find that civilians are being killed. The breaking news is dominated by the killings, bombings and torturing of people from across the world. Reconciliation efforts are being launched one after another one yet none of these efforts have yielded any fruit. Several reconciliation attempts for example have been made in Libyan crisis but none of them has yielded any fruit. Although several efforts are being done to bring out peace, there is still a need for a just ...

Part 1: Formative Assessment

With the current shaping in globalization, there is a precocious need for the provision of up-to-date courses in technology and science, not forgetting a creative art which in the recent past has received mounting interest. My dream career lies in the information technology field and with the current effort in bridging the digital divide it is almost inevitable that, with appropriate skills in the future, I will be able to work in a company where I will handle the communication and networking. Such job placements are usually intensely involving and, therefore, one who aspires to The ability to develop, manage and ...

The introduction of new technology has reduced the world to a small village. Anything that is done is one country affects the other countries directly or indirectly. International affairs and business in a country are today at loggerhead. However, there is diversity of economic resources and practices, one no longer enjoy the freedom of trade for there are international laws, regulations, and standards that must be observed and satisfied. The current international peace negotiations in various countries have seen the collapse of business since for every opportunity that arises one must satisfy certain conditions before being allowed to carry out any ...