Essays on International Terrorism

Terrorism is a very important issue that is plaguing the world today with a large number of countries being affected by it. While it has had a long history, it has come to the limelight after September 11, 2001, strikes on World Trade Center in the U.S. However, terrorism can be either domestic or international and this distinction is important as the consequences of the terrorism may depend on the type of terrorism. For example, international terrorism can have a greater adverse impact on the economic growth of a country than domestic terrorism. The causes of domestic and international ...

The United States has seen a change in its security situation over the last three decades. Before the 9/11 attack, U.S. concentrated on preventing the attack of its citizens and property by jihadists who were mostly affiliated to Muslim countries. Still, U.S. authorities tracked the footsteps of all foreign-grown movements that posed a danger to the property and U.S. citizens working out the United States. After 9/11 attack, the U.S. began focusing on a more comprehensive and robust system to protect the United States from both domestic and international terrorism attacks. At this juncture, domestic and international groups carried ...

Realism defines the international system in terms of anarchy, which is the absence of a central authority. An overview of the belief of realists is that all states are sovereign and autonomous, making them bound only by their own consent. They believe that the power of the State is key and central to this system and is the only variable of interest. Thus, States must use their power to defend themselves an survive. They think of power in terms of military, economy, and diplomacy, but emphasize the determinant of international politics to be the distribution of coercive material capacity. ...

Illegal immigration is one of the social issues that is consistently being debated in the United States. The public is often polarized on the issue, some do not consider illegal immigration a genuine concern and others believe it is a danger and threat to the United States and it must be banned and proactively prevented in the future. A great deal of research has been conducted on the topic of illegal immigration and its impact to the United States. There are millions of illegal immigrants residing in the United States and that number does not appear to be reducing. ...

Terrorism as a global phenomenon is recognized to be the key problem of international security. However, at the national level, terrorism is not a new phenomenon. As a method of struggle, especially in conditions of limited resources of various opposition forces, the terrorist activity was quite common in world history. According to one theory, the concept of “terror” originated during the French revolution - Jacobin terror, which meant the public destruction of unwanted people to intimidate others. There are earlier mentions of such a method of waging of a war of aggression. The word “terror” means a state of ...

Part 1.

Since the end of the WWII, the United States has taken a leading role in the provision of the world leadership as the ultimate policeman of the world. The US has developed a series of foreign policies and treaties that are meant to guarantee the safety of the world.

Part 2.

A. (i).Financial and technical support to AMISON (ii) Killing of Osama Bin Laden by the US seal Navy army

B (i) Policy of containment

(ii) Provision of citizenship for anti-communist individuals who are being persecuted in Afghanistan. (iii).Culture of consumerism to promote US industries (iv) .Influence of US on Anti-narcotics policies in the ...

Domestic terrorism entails those acts of terrorism staged within the borders of a country whereas international terrorism has the terrorism activities carried out by terrorists across borders and a Al-Qaeda is one example of groups doing international terrorism. Since terrorism is an extreme evil that comes about with much havoc to the affected country, extreme measures need to be taken. U.S. is known to take some of the most drastic measures in dealing and responding to terrorism may it be domestic or international. There a numerous ways to frustrate terrorist, the first way may be the subjecting of the ...

The problem of terrorism is one of the most dangerous and prevalent in today's society. Over the past decade, the actions of terrorist organizations have reached a new level. The attacks occur more often, while it becomes more and more difficult to find the perpetrators of the attacks. Terrorism has become a global problem, and it threatens more and more people with each passing day. The US government and a number of leading European countries introduce various technical and design elaborations to combat international terrorism. Today it is possible to prevent the increasing number of terrorist attacks by means ...

Introduction

The book is important to the people with an interest in homeland security of the United States of America. It is because of how the book author has developed the theme or the purpose of the book. Unlike many books published many years ago, the book is current having been published in the year 2011. It one of the greatest book in the market concerning the subject of the homeland security. The book TERRORISM HOMELAND SECURITY is the 7th edition of the publications, and it was published in the year 2011 being the latest in that series. It was ...

International relations describe the connections amongst different states in the world and help to distinguish between the standard code of ethics and terrorists. Internal resistance towards unfair trade policies is healthy, but the bombing of innocent people due to differences between two states is terrorism. Terrorism is a broad concept, which has diverse meanings. The most common description of terrorism is the use of violence or force to instill fear in people. In essence, international terrorism is the threat or use of psychological, cultural, moral, or legal disagreement violence towards another country (Onuf 53). According to Onuf, almost 10% ...

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to provide alternative methods of combating maritime terrorism Maritime terrorism has become one of the common crimes that caused a major threat to national security of a state. In the case of United States, it tried to veer away from reactive counterterrorism law enforcement methods and moved towards the implementation of more proactive techniques to combat international terrorism (Wilson 28). Such shift was done due to the changing nature of the terrorist threat that takes place overseas. The US has deemed that the more effective means to prevent terrorism is by carrying out ...

The international war on terrorism continues and there was a new upsurge in terrorism around the world in 2014-2015. A very large number of terrorist attacks means either that the international community has been unable to work out the effective strategies and policies or that the war on terrorism is in the midst. Despite the better cooperation between the governments and international organizations we can observe the tragedies mainly in the Middle East, Africa and Europe on the regular basis. The Institute for Economics and Peace provides some shocking statistics related to the international terrorism. In 2014, the number ...

Terrorism

Terrorism is a relatively old phenomenon, although it is rampant in the present day. There are various definitions of terrorism, and it cannot be clearly defined as one term. However, terrorism is associated as a generic term for all acts of violence that spread terror amongst the masses. Terrorism can be strategic as well tactical; it can be something considered a religious duty or it can be a crime, it may also be something justifiable in the court of law, or it can be an abdominal cause of oppression. However, what remains known is that terrorism spreads anarchy and ...

U.S. Counter Terrorism Strategies Since the beginning of the new millennium, global terrorism has firmly occupied the place of "the main threat to humanity". Undisputed leader in the fight against "evil terrorist" remains the United States, providing a wide range of activities to capture and destroy the militants of “Al-Qaeda” and others like that, not only in the country but also far beyond its borders. What are they, the results of decades of anti-terror battle? A proof of special significance for the United States to combat global terrorism was the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) after ...

International and Domestic Terrorism International terrorism usually involves violent actions, which are dangerous and harmful to human life, thereby, violation of the criminal laws as well as they occur mainly outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. On the other hand, domestic terrorism basically refers the violence that usually involve groups or individuals terrorists whose activities are directed towards the government’s people or population, however, without any foreign participation (United States, 1978). These acts entail planning, obtaining materials as well as other activities, which are directly or indirectly linked to the terrorism (Netanyahu, 1997).

It ...

Explain how the people’s republic of china has managed to control the spread of terrorism within their borders. Has the Chinese government attempted to control religious groups? Have they been successful? Why or why not? Use at least one internet source in addition to the text to answer this question.

The people’s republic of china has been facing terrorism for many decades. The largest threat is the internal terrorism. The internal terrorism is mainly attacking the minorities in the country. The latest killing of Chinese people in the city of Kunming have taken many innocent lives. ...

An act of terrorism which takes place within the boundaries of a country by its own citizens against fellow citizens may be defined as domestic terrorism. On the other hand, international terrorism constitutes those acts of terrorism carried out by people who are not natives of the victim country. Therefore, it can be suggested that those terrorist activities which are strategized within a country is labeled as domestic, whereas, foreign intervention in directing terrorist activities is categorized as international terrorism.

The Oklahoma City bombings of 1995 were the largest organized domestic terrorism activity within the United States. Within 90 minutes of ...

Annotated Bibliography for Terrorism

Broomhall, B. (2004). State actors in an international definition of terrorism from a human rights perspective. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 36(2-3), 421-441.

Some of the examples of terrorism provided by Broomhall (2004) include hostage-taking and the indiscriminate targeting of civilians, as well as acts of genocide and war crimes.

The international terrorism aspect of this article will allow a more in depth view into the various activities that differentiate domestic from international terrorism, including the legal ramifications that are attached to both forms. Highlighting the International Criminal Court’s definition of terrorism will help to shape the ...

Terrorism has increasingly become an issue of international concern. Many nations around the world have fallen victim to both acts of domestic and international terrorism. They have subsequently sought to fight terrorism both on the domestic front and on the international front. The United States has also fallen victim to terrorist acts of both domestic and international nature. Perhaps the most famous of these was the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York. They were attacks which permanently altered the United States philosophy as far as dealing with terrorists and terrorism is concerned. ...

Introduction

Terrorism has been a long-standing problem of globalization, with radical militant groups inflicting coercion upon civilians to push for political, social and religious goals. Arguably, however, terrorism has reached its zenith in recent times when the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks in the United States (US) happened. The intensity of the attacks cast the image of the US as the most powerful nation in the world into serious doubt, considering the fatal breach of security involved (Kean, 2004).

Undoubtedly, 9/11 shook the US towards creating new strategies to counter future cases of terrorism. However, there is an understanding that the ...

Introduction

One among the accepted reality in international relations is the prevailing recognition of the idea that terrorism is the weapon of the weak. This is further reinforced by the shocking turn of events on September 11, 2001 where a group of terrorist coordinated a series of bombing in the United States. However, many political analysts argued that terrorism is not solely associated as resort taken by the weak to get their messages across, rather, it also a means by which the strong impose their will on the former. While this may not be generally accepted, defining terrorism would shed light to the fact ...

Terrorism in the United States: Pre and Post 9/11

Background of the Study: Since the end of the great wars – World War I, II and the Cold War, the United States of America has been considered the most powerful nation in the world. It became the role model of many developing nations, and supported advocacies that would usher peace and democracy in the 21st century. Its military power is unrivalled and allowed the country to intervene in many critical situations around the globe. Many considered the US a fortress that cannot be threatened and even if there were threats, the US can easily put a stop on it even ...

Historical Context

The terrorist attacks in the United States marked the beginning of a new era of terrorism. The main trend in suicide terrorism has become reorientation of hatred for political regimes and their leaders and to combat them on ethno-national and religious terrorism. Another feature of terrorism is the use of a new era in its attacks scientific and technological advances that lead to fundamentally different scale of destruction and the number of casualties. Previously, in most high-profile terrorist acts to hundreds of people killed, the United States September 11, 2001 killed about five thousand people. The terrorist attacks of modern times ...

The world portrays certain patterns in the way contemporary issues arise. These patterns are only reasonable since issues arise and spread within a certain region before extending to the rest of the world. Furthermore, many families, nations and communities share common beliefs, laws, economic and political predicaments among others. Such matters as ecological concerns also affect certain groups of people who live in a similar resource endowed region. Therefore, matters such as climate change or environmental conservation are concerns for the entire community. Issues such as international terrorism and proliferation of nuclear war are also matters of concern to the global ...

Not long ago many headlines on terrorism appeared in newspapers all over the world. The event happened on the 11th of September, 2001 made countries to pay more attention to this issue. In 2001 President Bush declared that a “war (that) would not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.” Still, no one knows whether this campaign will be successful or not (Rapoport, 2006). One of those things that people can do to decrease the terrorism is to learn history, as the terrorism is not new in the 21th century. The history illustrates ...

Introduction

Saddam Hussein was an Iraqi statesman and politician, president of Iraq (1979-2003), Prime Minister of Iraq (1979-1991 and 1994-2003), secretary-general of the Iraqi branch of the Baath Party, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council, Marshal (1979). In 1980, he began a ruinous war with Iran, which lasted until 1988. During the war, Hussein's government implemented "Operation Anfal" against the Kurds, during which Iraqi forces used chemical weapons. In 1990, at the initiative of Hussein was Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, to provoke a large-scale war in the Persian Gulf, in which Iraqi troops were driven out of Kuwait, and the country ...

Introduction

Proper definition of the word “terrorism” is very vital to understand the topic under study. Terrorism has very wide definition due to its long history and differences in view by people. The definition of terrorism presented in AR 535-13 is mostly used for all Department of Army that are involved in counterterrorism activities. The terrorism is defined as "the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to attain goals that are political, religious or ideological in nature. This is done through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear. It also involves a criminal act that is often symbolic and intended to ...

Terrorism

Since the September 11 attacks in 2001, the future complexion and definition of terrorism has become quite ambiguous for the public. In its early incarnations, terrorism was associated with the spread of fear for the sake of ideology without the mass genocide included. However, as the years progressed with the onset of various ideologies and changed political affiliations, some no longer know if the ongoing violence classified as terrorism is still ‘terrorism’ or just a plain warfare. This ambiguity has subsequently influenced how governments, such as the United States, in organizing their counter-terrorism strategies and now directed such strategies in ...

Introduction

It has been more than a century that the United States of America is challenged with the persistent threat of domestic terrorism, also called homegrown terrorism. The mentioned form of terrorism can be defined as “the unlawful use, or threatened use, of violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States (or its territories) without foreign direction” (Bennett, 2007). Domestic terrorism is said to be an offensive activity that is meant to harm a person or property in order to terrorize or pressurize a government or its inhabitants so that social or political goals can be achieved. ...

Shortly after the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001, Congress passed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. As a result of real concerns over the security of the nation as well as more than a little mass hysteria over America’s vulnerability in the new age of global terror, the 342-page long USA PATRIOT Act, as it is popularly known, sailed through Congress a mere 45 days after the attacks with little debate or analysis but with broad bipartisan support. Indeed, in the Senate, the ...

International Terrorism

The issue of terrorism is both complex and highly emotional. It is convoluted as the issue amalgams a number of various factors of human experience, inclusive of topics such as military planning, psychology, philosophy and history, among others. On the other side, extremism is also high charged emotionally as the instances of terrorism give rise to enormous feelings, combined with the fact that seeing terrorists justify their actions as right have strong emotions with regard to the use of violence against these terrorists (United States Institute of Peace, n.d., p. 3). Simply stated, terrorism can be defined as “propaganda by ...

Introduction

The word terrorism does not have a universally accepted definition. The term has however been defined by a number of international instruments over time to denote the use of force, violence and intimidation to achieve political goals. Applied in the context, therefore, this definition will denote the use of armed violence by a terrorist group with the aim of intimidating a government and also to destabilize it. Terrorists use violence all over the world for their religious or political gains and in most of the times, such violence leaves scores of people dead and others injured. The U.S Code advances a number of ...

What is Terrorism?

The word “terrorism” is often heard on the television news report, read in newspapers, and even present in some of the most popular movies that are shown in the theaters, often with large explosions and a known “bad guy.” However, is this an accurate representation of the definition of terrorism? According to Munson (2008), the term “terrorism” has been around since the French Revolution, however, when the term was used during the late 1700s, it had a different meaning than it does currently. Back then, the term referred to “defending new notions of justice and democracy against an old order perceived ...

Literature Review

Terrorism has had a tremendous impact on the manner in which the United States approaches it foreign policy (Woodward 2006). Long before terrorism reached the mainland United States there was a significant pressure to constantly review and update the US foreign policy. In the modern era Clinton encountered the fact that the Cold War had given way to a new form of antagonism (Entman 2004). There was a beginning creation of a framework to deal with the emerging terrorist threat but, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, many of the factions once under their influence were once more free to do as they ...

The term terrorism derives its meaning from terror; the latter comes from a Latin word terrere meaning to shake, tremble or terrify. Coupling terrere with the French suffix isme makes it a practice of terrifying. The word terrorism derived its meaning from the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror that happened from 1793 to 1794. This was violence that happened in France where at least 40,000 people were killed in less than a year. The term terrorism is not new, but although it has been in use for a long time, it is relatively hard to define. Terrorism is viewed as a ...

Abstract

Crime is a problem that has been persistent in society in the past and still is today and will be there in the future. The study of the trends of crime is one aspect that will assist in policy making. The past makes the present and the future. This essay will show how the crime trends have evolved in the past present and their impact in the future. Crime trends are defined as a significant change in the nature of selected crime types within a defined geographical area and time period. It is a measure of significant change in an area’s crime ...

Located on the southeastern coast of the Persian Gulf, Dubai makes its great significance in human history. The city of Dubai is one of the members of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Among the member of UAE, Dubai holds the largest population and the second-largest land area. Like the United States of America, Dubai is well-renowned today – particularly for its economy. Also, Dubai also serves as one of the beautiful places for tourism across the globe. Business organizations are not only interested in establishing their businesses there, but also to marvel at the tourist spots in the city. This ...

The Bush Administration established the Guantanamo Bay detention camp (hereafter GITMO) at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba in 2002 as a detainment facility for prisoners from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (Hotz, 2012). However, extensive use of GITMO started after 9/11 attacks, when, on September 14, 2001, President Bush declared a national emergency against international terrorism and the United States (US) Congress passed a resolution (S J Res 23 in Senate) to use force against 9/11 attackers and to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism (ThePoliticalGuide, 2013). Currently, hundreds of detainees are being held in GITMO as “enemy combatants,” ...

A brief review of its implications on society

Introduction - Thesis statement: Terrorists and assassins are driven by their beliefs and ideals that are in conflict with those, with whom they fight against. - Intellectual roots of terrorism

Assassination as an aspect of terrorism

- Major reasons for assassinations - Notable assassinations in history

Methodology and target identification

- Personalities and infrastructures identified as symbols of opposition - Important landmarks and cascading effects of attack - Access and use of sophisticated technologies - Advantages of terrorists over law enforcement personnel

Major forms of terrorism

- Suicide terrorism - Cyber terrorism

Effects of terrorism in society

- Both short term and long term effects - Hampers developmental activity ...

fusion chief

Terrorism can be separated as home grown, international or domestic. In my opinion, the vulnerability of a state to each one of them cannot be generalized and would depend on various factors, specific to that state. Gathering information is vital to any state intelligence fusion center. To me it is therefore, facilitating the information gathering process and increasing the powers of the intelligence officers, that is crucial to preventing terrorist attacks. Looking for vulnerable points across every aspect of state assets is important to preventing attacks.

Counter terrorism activity has been transformed radically world over, post September 11, ...

Qualitative problem statement

Counterfeit goods in the market have caused a lot of havoc both on trader’s and manufactures of original goods. Production of these goods denies the producers of genuine goods to earn money from their goods: this is because counterfeit goods may come at lower prices than genuine goods. Consumers have had their fair share of the problems caused by the goods. Counterfeit goods do not last that long. Thus, due to the problems caused by counterfeit goods it is wise to do a research on it (Lin 2011).

The number of counterfeit goods on the market has increased in the 21st century

Since the year 1995 up to date, a sharp increase in the number ...

Importance of Child Protection Bill

The Children Protection Bill is a very important legislation in the United States of America (USA) because it has helped to liberate the US children a great deal, over the years. Some of its basic functions include the following: i) It helps to protect the children. This guarantees their safety and security from any act of aggression that, according to the law, may contravene their fundamental basic rights. For instance, it may help in curbing the chances of children being abducted or kidnapped by strangers. Since it has become a very common tendency for predators to wreck havoc to the children through ...

International Terrorism

Introduction

Terrorism is a word that has been widely used to mean many things. It is not internationally agreed upon definition for terrorism (Williamson, 2009, p. 33). The oxford English Dictionary defines terrorism as the unauthorized use of violence and intimidation to achieve political aims. This definition, however, does not even scratch the surface of the issues referred to by the use of the word terrorism. The term is used to refer to actions of many radical groups which carry out violent crimes with an ulterior motive of influencing change in certain institutions. Religion is perhaps the most used reason ...

Iran is a country of geographical and political importance as it is located in Middle East and central Eurasia. It is the eighteenth largest country in the world. Iran holds a powerful position in its region and also the world economy due to its petroleum and natural gas resources. It has the second largest natural gas reserves and fourth largest petroleum reserves in the world (CIA). The current constitution of Iran came into being in 1979 and has been enforced since then. The highest authority in the country is the Supreme Leader followed by the President. Currently the Supreme Leader ...

First of all it is important to define what human security is in order to understand the concept of security. Recent research (James, Steve and Patricia, 2011) shows that human security means an individual is free from threats or violence within his surroundings. The term human security has gained wide usage in recent years and there are number of concepts that relate to this term. According to Richard and Deepayan Basu (2006) human security can be defined as; ‘human security represents and effort to re-conceptualize security in a fundamental manner. It is primarily an analytical tool that focuses on ensuring ...

Introduction

This report scrutinizes international terrorist threats, events, responses and policies, as well as analyzing the worldwide use of apparatus available to fight terrorism, from international cooperation, international relations, covert action, constructive dedication, economic sanctions, military force, to objective security improvement. A contemporary style in terrorism emerges to be toward self- financed insecurely organized, international association of terrorists. Ever more, fundamental Islamist groups who use religion, or as a excuse, pose a grave threat to United States of America interests and to its friendly establishments. But of great unease as well is the growing political involvement of extremist Islamist gathering in foreign ...

Abstract

It goes without say that the fight against terrorism has been taken a notch higher by the US forces. Major works are being done towards the upholding of a strong and reputable tactical response to terrorism by the various agencies and most notably by the New York Police Department. Through the richness of information that the various websites (particularly the agencies’ websites) offer, one is left with more answers than questions and amazement on the beauty of their structure and organization. The fact that these agencies have continually worked in synchrony with each other is highly commendable as it can be emulated ...