Essays on Irritability

The significant loss of blood calcium commonly characterizes the condition of hypocalcemia. In particular, the loss of calcium is common in the extracellular fluid, and it occurs in greater quantities though it is replaceable by the intestine or the bone (Watad et al., 2016). The condition is a consequence of various clinical entities with the signs and symptoms of neuromuscular irritability. The common conditions of the neuromuscular irritability include the paresthesia, laryngospasm, muscle cramps, seizures as well as tetany. The same instability of the neuromuscular structures appears in the elicitation of the Chvostek’s signs and the common Trousseau’ ...

Abstract

This article seeks to research about the day to day activities and traumatic events in the lives of the first responders, that include firefighters, policemen, and emergency medical teams (EMTs), and their impacts on their psychology. Research shows that the emergency workers are exposed to tragic events and incidents, in the line of duty on a daily basis, and has severe psychological impacts in some cases which last for many years to come. The first responders are exposed to a variety of traumatic events that include multiple casualties and events that involve a smaller number of victims. These events ...

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Hypernatremia and hyponatremia Hypernatremia and hyponatremia are among the most common electrolyte disorders in older people. Hypernatremia is caused by an increase in the concentration of the sodium in extracellular serum to more than 145 mEq per L. On the other hand, hyponatremia is caused by a decrease in the concentration of sodium in body, i.e. less than 135 mEq per L. Hyponatremia can be acute or chronic (Buttaro, 2013). Both hypernatremia and hyponatremia are commonly found clinical problems in critically ill patients. They are often asymptomatic, but in some patients their symptoms appear that can ...

During the second week, the CRP analysis was performed in the class. Blood testing for C-reactive protein aids in the rapid identification and verification of the progress and effectiveness of the treatment of infections, injuries and inflammation. The analysis was conducted to determine the acute infectious diseases, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases (amyloidosis), monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment (pneumonia, septicemia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, etc.) (Arinzon Z. et al., 2011, p.365). In addition, it helps to define the determination of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis, diabetes but also on chronic hemodialysis ...

Discussion Board

Anxiety, tension, confusion, and irritability Cognitive therapy helps in dealing with feelings of anxiety, tension, confusion and irritability. Other ways to deal with these feelings include; advising the victim to exercise, minimizing the use of stimulants like caffeine, proper meditation, self-evaluation and reflection, and adjusting to different lifestyle aspects.

Sense of frustration, anger, and resentment

These feelings are normal, and relieve stress, which provides a way of solving a current or a past situation. Sometimes the feelings can lead to adverse effects and therefore should be controlled. Cognitive therapy, gradual relaxation and inducing activities that will let go of the feelings can be used. Such ...

Many sleep disorders affect different people at different ages. These diseases present with different but related symptoms. The most common feature is an effect on the patterns of sleep of the patients. It is proper that both the patient as well as his or her family is aware of the expected symptoms and effects once an individual is diagnosed with any sleep disorder. Therefore, family health education is a crucial tool in the awareness creation among the family members. The focus of this paper is to highlight the signs, symptoms, treatment, and complications of certain mental disorders.

Sleep Apnea caused by Obesity

Obstructive sleep ...

Introduction

Aggression is defined as a behavior that is violent or hostile in nature towards another person that positions the person in a state of attack or confrontation. Aggression can be verbal or physical once the individual has become angry or hostile. Aggression has been a controversial issue within many areas of research. Some researchers have posited that individuals with a diagnosis of a mental illness have no higher incidences of violence than the general population. Others have suggested that individuals with severe mental illness are more likely than the general population to have higher incidences of violence. There are ...

Introduction

In our everyday life, we experience stress at every corner. Instances like losing a loved one, losing a job or even divorce can make an individual feel sad, lonely, scared, nervous or anxious. It is our normal response to such stimuli, and they are usually accompanied by physiological changes in our body systems. According to the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) of mental disorders, mental illness have been categorized into several groups. DSM-IV used axes to categorize mental disorders into five axes. The first axis included all the psychological diagnostic categories except for the mental retardation and personality disorder. ...

Key information from the case study

Often, an anxiety disorder precedes an eating disorder, which might be Anita’s case. At this point, her eating-related behaviors are moderately problematic (distorted body-image, emotional eating, a sense of lack of control during eating). Nonetheless, if not appropriately addressed, there is high likelihood that these early signs will develop into a full-blown eating disorder (bulimia nervosa / anorexia nervosa).

Possibly co-occurring: Body Dysmorphic Disorder and (mild) Substance Use Disorder (DSM-5, APA, 2013).

Primary Diagnosis Generalized Anxiety Disorder There is a strong possibility that Anita suffers from GAD. Individuals with GAD experience perpetual, chronic and most frequently unfounded worry. In some cases it disrupts work, studies, social activities. Physical symptoms include gastrointestinal ...

Introduction and Brief History of Ibrahim

Childhood trauma is a stressful condition experienced by children and adolescents for being exposed to intensively abusive or very painful events that they cannot cope with on their own. The events threaten the child’s physical and emotional health or that of a loved one (Arnold, & Fisch, 2011). Ibrahim, a ten-year-old boy, lives in a subsidized house in Minneapolis with his mother and siblings. The family emigrated from Somalia when Ibrahim was only four years old, and his father regained his Somalia citizenship and went back to Somalia. In a special summer, Ibrahim and his elder siblings attended a ...

Abstract

PTSD symptoms among adolescents are largely connected with early start of alcohol usage hence making it imperative to diagnose and treat PTSD-associated signs before they escalate to chronic levels. Children with a number of post-traumatic stress disorders are more likely to engage in alcohol abuse than adolescents who are not exposed to trauma. With alarming rates at which adolescents use alcohol, it is appropriate that research activities be undertaken to investigate the abuse of alcohol among adolescents with PTSD. It is imperative to reduce fatality incidences of PTSD by providing the necessary support from psychiatrics professionals, family members and ...

The purpose of the research is to investigate how bullying in elementary education can affect child’s learning experience. Bullying exists on many educational levels, but it is very important for that educational leadership evaluate the bullying phenomena and the prevention of the problems. Researching the influence of bullying in the elementary education is very important. Therefore, children are developing their ideas of self and social condition. My aspirations focus on educational leadership and administering safety in schools. Bullying is an issue may compromise student safety, thus it is crucial for educational leaders to investigate bullying. In addition to, ...

<Institution> Every individual carries different behaviors, some are favorable and some are not. In cases when behaviors are causing distress to oneself or to others (e.g., a person often being irritable without logical reason), behavior modification serve as a helpful intervention program. In developing this kind of program, there are four most important points to consider: describing the target, deciding to change the behavior, identification of potential interventions, and evaluation. On the first important parts of developing a behavior modification program is to describe the target behavior. This is important in order to completely understand the nature of ...

Psychopathology covers a broader scope compared to the normal teenage angst. Psychopathology may refer to depression and anxiety, sense of helplessness, and narcissism , among adolescents (Gray 452). On the other hand, normal teenage angst may include mood swings aside from anxiety, depression. These mood swings among teens can be considered as normal teenage angst. In psychopathology, most of the adolescents’ depression episodes are characterized by irritability, combined with anxiety and anger. In fact some of the depression may go undiagnosed due to the failure to recognize the irritability, anxiety and physical complaints such as headaches, stomach aches or body ...

Dissertation: Are cognitive distortions the answer for the persistence of depression in treated Celiac disease patients?

Abstract The research suggests that Celiac patients are heavily influenced by their diagnosis. Anxiety, depression, and social isolation are all common features that sufferers of Celiac disease share. The disease functions in such a way that it forces the sufferer to remove him or herself from the social act of eating: he or she is no longer able to really be a part of the social gatherings that include food (Addolorato, 2001). However, this separation is largely invisible; many people do not realize that Celiac patients face any trouble at all in social situations. In this discussion, an investigation ...

Compare and contrast Natrum mur and Ignatia amara in regards to:

Emotional Shock: Natrum personalities can be called as loners. They like to be alone. Being in a company leads to irritability among these patients. They don’t like to share their grief and emotional trauma with anyone else. They keep their tensions and secrets hidden within their hearts. They prefer brooding in solitude rather than blurting it out to someone very close to them. They will repress their emotions and blame themselves for all the wrong things happening in their lives. They do not turn to anyone for any kind of help, especially when it comes to the emotional ...

Introduction

Prozac [fluoxetine hydrochloride] is commonly regarded as a first-line therapeutic medication for adolescents due to its supposedly better risk ratio than other antidepressants (Meeker, et al., 2015; Capitao, et al., 2015). It is also currently the most commonly used among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) active ingredients, more than sertraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine (Wagner, 2015). However, its link to suicide cannot be ignored; or to birth defects and low libido (Naish, 2013). Despite the euphoria over it, a dampening cloud can be felt in the background. Is it worth risking adverse effects with Prozac? Is the risk for death or deteriorated ...

Almost the inevitable consequence of any conflict is the stress. Its unpleasant symptoms (the irritability, inability to concentrate, and then the feeling of the causeless tiredness, etc.) appear and are instantly visible to the naked eye. The last conflict, which ended for me with the stress, had a quarrel with my parents.

1) alarm reaction, which manifested itself in the urgent mobilization of the defense forces and resources of the body; 2) the phase of the resistance, allowing the body to cope with stress-related impacts; 3) the phase of exhaustion, after too protracted and too intense fighting having ...

Abstract

Caffeine is a widely-used drug that modifies the psychological condition of the consumers. At high doses, it causes various caffeine-related symptoms such as agitation, as well as the restless legs syndrome. Since caffeine is a habit forming drug, it allows the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. It also alters sleep patterns in accordance with the consumed daily caffeine dose. Although its arousal of the central nervous system can induce pleasant effects at relatively lower doses, caffeine can impair concentration and attention at increased doses. The present study, therefore, examines the various adverse effects of consuming caffeine at high doses. The ...

Abstract

Great deal of children all over the world suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Symptoms of ADHD include hyperactivity, emotionalism and difficulty of staying focused. Children with ADHD usually have the lack of comprehension skills, poor study results and problems with following instructions as a result, they are more likely to conflict with coevals and teachers. There are different types of ADHD treatments, the most common one is academic interventions which include manipulating antecedent conditions, parent tutoring, homework management programs, instructional modifications, self-monitoring. Self- monitoring technique is crucial for children with ADHD, as teaches them not only to regulate ...

Postpartum disorders may occur in some women at the time of giving birth .The disorders disastrously influence the mental health status of women. In the period of postpartum, more than 84% of women suffer from mood disturbances. Postpartum illness is broadly classified into three groups that include postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis and postpartum blues. Of the three mental conditions, postpartum psychosis is very severe while postpartum blues is very mild. Postpartum blues are normal reactions experienced by most mothers at childbirth. This condition is characterized by mood fluctuations. Mothers suffering from the blues often experience mood liability, irritability, ...

Introduction

Beck Depression Inventory II is multi-choice self-report inventory with 21 questions that is used to measure levels of depression. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) was created in 1996 as an improvement over the Beck Depression Inventory I (BDI-I). BDI-II is used to evaluate the occurrence and magnitude of depression in adolescents and adults. The changes to BD-II were initiated because of the new guidelines for diagnostic criteria redefined by the American Psychiatric Association’s publication. BD-II follows the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders. BD-II is not used as a definite diagnosis of depression. ...

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Thesis on: The detrimental effects of drinking alcohol

Alcoholism is an addictive disease, which is characterized by increased and regular drinking of alcohol. It is a detrimental disease, and causes many harmful effects over the mind and body of the individual afflicted with it. His friends, family, and even in extreme cases, the society suffers from the detrimental effects of alcohol. The signs that a person is suffering from alcohol are an increasing consumption of alcohol intake, sole interest in drinking, denial that alcohol is a problem, etc. He may hide alcohol bottles, finish an entire rink in a few gulps, have an immense longing for drinking, and lose control ...

(Author) Stress is a condition of mental or emotional strain or tension. Body responds to various stressors every day. Stressors may include emotional reactions to situations such as traffic, heat, or cold from the environment or an object, heavy bleeding from a wound, or even substance abuse. There are three phases or stages of the stress response. In Stage 1, which is represented by Alarm reaction, body gives instantaneous response to the physical, mental, or emotional upset. This response is also known as “fight or flight” response. In Stage 2, which is represented by Resistance, body responds by moving towards ...

There are many types of sleep disorder, but they have the following general symptoms: (a) increased irritability, (b) sleepiness during the day, (c) difficulty in staying awake while in the sitting posture, (d) concentration difficulty, (e) looks tired, (f) slow reaction or response to stimuli, (g) napping every day, (h) and craving for caffeinated drinks just to stay awake. Each type of sleep disorder has its own distinct features, occurrence or demographics, and risk factors. Physicians treat them using various means (Chokroverty 127). There diverse risk factors associated with sleep disorders, but the most common include: (1) medical and psychiatric ...

Crum et al. (2004) mentioned that the relationship between alcohol use and sleeping disturbance is complex, due to existing evidence that shows the effects of alcohol in individual’s sleeping patterns. Brower mentioned that sleep problems are more prevalent among alcoholics than non-alcoholic individuals. In a statistical point of view, in the general population, insomnia in the last six months affected 18 percent of alcoholic people while only affecting 10 percent of non-alcoholic individuals (Brower, n.d). However, the hazardous effect of alcohol abuse encompasses beyond one type of sleeping disorder. Literature will prove the existing link between alcohol abuse and ...

Obesity is a disease, in which metabolism is violated and there occurs excessive accumulation of body fat. According to most researchers of this problem, the main causes of obesity are excessive food intake and lack of physical activity. Heredity also plays an important role, but people run hereditary mechanisms of obesity themselves by not respecting the basic rules. What contributes to obesity? Irrational, unbalanced, abundant food. It is consumption of excessive amounts of easily digestible carbohydrates (sweets, flour, etc.) and fats (butter, fatty meats, lard, etc.) and inadequate intake of vitamins, essential trace elements and other vital components of ...

“Before you assume, learn the facts. Before you judge, understand why. Before you hurt someone, feel. Before you speak, think.” -J. Johnson Autism comes from the Greek word ‘autos’ which means ‘self’ in English. Eugen Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist first coined this ‘autism’ a term for describing patient who are suffering from schizophrenia and exhibits a different way of thinking. It is said that this kind of thinking is viewed as autistic thinking whereas an individual bearing this kind of thought believes that the universe turns only around oneself, and the remaining effects of the external world will not have ...

Antisocial personality disorder and criminality

Societal expectations from rational humans are often viewed as demanding, but high tolerance is exercised on the situations that depict some form of deviations, which do not last for long. When the variance from the expected norm is extreme and last for relatively long, the affected individuals are said to be suffering from antisocial personality disorder. A psychiatric condition characterized by adamant behaviors, which tend to exploit, manipulate and violate the liberties of humans, animals and other societal elements, antisocial personality disorder is one of the factors that motivate the engagement of vices in the society. Persistent disregard to ...

Stress in the Mid-West Region of the United States

Stress is defined as a tension or pressure exerted on the emotional or mental capacity of a person due to very adverse or demanding circumstances. There are various sources of stress. They include emotional problems, health issues and relationships. Others include lifer changes or stresses and strains in the family. These issues affect the mental or psychological well-being of a person. People commit suicide, murder and other social vices in a community due to stress. Others get into drug abuse so as to forget the things that give them stress. Some causes of stress are, death of a loved one, relationship break up, dismissal ...

Symptoms and Coping Strategies for Caregivers

Patricia Caldoron Grand Canyon University Symptoms and Coping Strategies for Caregivers Compassion fatigue is a state in which an individual feels mentally, emotionally, and spiritually depleted. As medical professionals, nurses often encounter compassion fatigue because of their empathic relationships with patients and their dedication to helping prevent, cure, and manage illness. However, by becoming preoccupied with their patients’ problems and overwhelmed by their responsibilities and workloads in healthcare, nurses will often neglect their own physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Prolonged neglect results in compassion fatigue symptoms that can be categorized into cognitive, emotional, behavioral, spiritual, and somatic ...

Psychology

Did you notice those big guys with very big muscles in wrestling, on the beach and at the gym? Have you ever wondered why that is a common physical characteristic of people that are involved in such sporting activities? Or have you thought such physical feature may either be from the normal hard working activities people get involved in at the gym? These are some of the few questions that usually come to our mind if we take a time out to explore how such physical features are being achieved by most sportsmen. The era of performance enhancement drugs (PED) has ...

Photographs capture the current state of the world in terms of culture and philosophy. Photographs are an integral part of mainstream media. They are used to pass on information about the status quo in terms of both political and cultural power. Though seemingly simple and irrelevant a deep analysis of photographs reveals a lot about the culture of the society from where the photograph is taken. Photographs are also very important in evaluating the psychology of the person taking the photograph. The media artifact in my discussion is photographs. The following essay discusses photographs under the feminist theory and the queer ...

Introduction

One of the most debilitating conditions women (and some men) experience in life is post partum depression (PPD) after giving birth to a child. Ongoing research of this emotional and mental disorder continues providing medical and psychological professional practitioners with tools for earlier diagnosis, identifying women and mothers to be more prone to this condition, prevention, and intervention options. This academic exploration of PPD provides discourse on these characteristics connected to a better understanding of this affliction effecting women's health including emotional signals, biological factors, and other pertinent indicators. The discussion includes symptom identification, unexpected dynamics, as well as prevention and ...

Description of Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Depression has been aptly described as a “a disturbance in mood, thought, and body characterized by varying degrees of sadness, disappointment, loneliness, hopelessness, self-doubt, and guilt” . Its symptoms are categorized according to manifested changes in feelings, in behavior, as well as disclosing physical complaints. For instance, changes in feelings include: crying, displeasure, hopelessness, guilt, indifference, and pessimism. In terms of changes in behavior, the exemplified symptoms include: withdrawal, negligence, irritability, dissatisfaction, forgetfulness, confusion, inability to adapt to changes, as well as exhibiting suicidal tendencies. Finally, symptoms of physical complaints include: excessive fatigue, lack of strength or energy, insomnia, loss of ...

Maureen O’Hara’s role as Judy O’Brien as an aspiring ballerina in a dance troupe in Dorothy Arzner’s film Dance, Girl, Dance is a prime example of a dancer who has to compete with another dancer for her place in the spotlight and for the male lead. The other dancer is Bubbles/Tiger Lily White, who is played by Lucille Ball and the male lead James ‘Jimmy’ Harris Jr. is played by Louis Hayward. Judy and Bubbles are good friends who are both dancers. While Judy is the better dancer of the two, Bubbles is better looking and using ...

Introduction

Substance abuse among pregnant women is a problem that is still a health issue. Estimated figures show that roughly 4% of all births in the U.S happen in women who abuse prescription or illicit drugs which include barbiturates, opoid pain relievers, benzodiazepines and stimulants during pregnancy. In addition to abusing prescription and illicit drugs, women also use tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy. Of course this has effects. According to Economidoy et al (163), maternal drug abuse can have an effect on pregnancy outcomes as well as childhood development and health. Children who are born to women who used such substances during ...

Abstract

Empirical evidence shows that that depression disorder in children is a common condition that affects emotional, physical, and social development. Risk factors include parental conflict, a family history of depression, poor peer relationship, negative thinking, and deficit in coping skills. Treatment criteria of children and adults are the same, with the exception that children may display irritability rather than depressed or sad mood, and loss of weight may be seen as a failure gain appropriate weight milestones. Diagnosis and treatment should take into account developmental stage, suicidality, severity of depression, and social and environmental factors. The recommended therapies for mild depression include ...

27-03-2013

The impact of many health disorders confers poor quality of life. The resulting conditions could hamper many routine activities making the individual become secluded from societal interactions. To say, this effect severely worsens the physical and psychosocial aspects of life. Very often, the outcome of such disorders could become a problematic issue to the society especially when the affected individual’s behavior goes abnormal. In adverse cases, the outcome would be more probably a violence or aggressive behavior. There is a need to develop awareness about disorders that may contribute or be more likely associated with violence. In such, context, the present ...

Worldwide mental retardation (MR) is one of the most common conditions affecting 1 to 3% of the general population. Clinically the symptoms differ from one individual to the other as it depends on the severity of the condition (Mental Retardation, 2010; Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation), 2011; Intellectual disability, 2013). However, few common symptoms associated with MR are as follows: - The intellectual developing milestones are not meet as expected. - Common features shown by the individuals with MR includes unable to do the routine activities independently, impetuous, passive, causing injury to self, inconvincible, rude behavior, frustrated and ...

In medical terminology, the term “addiction” is used to refer to the state in which the body becomes physiologically dependent on a substance and the mind becomes psychologically dependent on a substance, such drug substances. Removal of these drug substances usually causes withdrawal symptoms in people who are dependent on them. Addiction on drug substances can be both physiological and psychological, and despite the distinction between these two forms of addiction, they tend to overlap. Physiological dependence on a drug substance refers to the state in which someone becomes so dependent on the substance that characteristic withdrawal symptoms begin to appear ...

Public awareness about autism has increased nowadays with the prevalence of information coming from different media sources and an expanding knowledge based from scientific research and literature. It afflicts approximately 6 out of 1,000 children and similar to other neurodevelopmental disabilities, not ‘curable.’ Thus children diagnosed with autism would need chronic management throughout their lives. Autism is a group of development brain disorders now presented as Autism Spectrum Disorders or ASD. The term spectrum denotes a wide range of symptoms, skills and levels of impairment or disability a child with ASD can have. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental ...

Psychiatry in the Film Industry

Introduction Cinema is a medium used to entertain people. It portrays many issues about the society, science and various myths. It depicts different psychiatric disorders such as suicide and drug abuse to schizophrenia and personality disorders. Gone are the days when films were used to negatively portray psychiatric conditions. Nowadays films are used for educational purposes as well as to change the negative attitude towards people with psychiatric conditions. Film portrays that even psychiatric people are geniuses and that they can solve complex problems. Mental conditions are portrayed in different ways in the film industry. Film is used to ...

Marijuana use by teenagers in the 10th and 12th grade increased from 14.2% and 18.8% in 2007 to 17.0% and 22.9% in 2012 respectively. A continued abuse of prescription and OTC drugs also continued to rise, especially on the use stimulants and pain relievers. While marijuana and medical drugs showed consistent and, other times, escalating use, other drugs of abuse such as inhalants, cocaine and MDMA (ecstasy) decreased in all. Alcohol use among teenagers, on the other hand, showed a slight increase in 2012. Cigarettes, though peaked around 1997, continued to decrease until now. Both cigarettes (17.1%) and marijuana (22.9%) ...

Quit Smoking

Many smokers find it hard to quit smoking because many parts of the brain function in a way that reinforces smoking (Noonan, 2011). In particular, nicotine, which is the cigarette’s main active component, “acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain” (Noonan, 2011) where the absence of nicotine would cause increased appetite, lack of attention, difficulty in sleeping, irritability, and a craving for cigarettes.

These nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present in the neurons that are responsible for releasing the neurotransmitter dopamine from the VTA (ventral tegnantal area) into the NAc (nucleus accunbens) where the pathway that the dopamine passes through ...

Students studying abroad are bound to undergo an adjustment period as they attempt to adjust to their new surroundings. When a student goes abroad to study, there are many changes they will encounter in their new country that were not accustomed previously. This change of lifestyle is known as culture shock, as students can experience different challenges while trying to adapt to their new countries and schools. The following paper is designed to discuss a survey of the impacts of culture shock on students when studying abroad, and their coping strategies. The survey was conducted using SurveyMonkey and consisted of 10 ...

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Sleep Deprivation & Cognitive Abilities: Attention Introduction Sleep is a state of mind and body in which the sensory organs respond less to external stimuli, the body becomes inactive and a loss of consciousness is experienced, either partial or complete. Sleep is a mechanism that re-energies our body and brain. It is essential to maintain a good physical and mental health. Sleep deprivation is lack of sufficient sleep. In absence of enough sleep, the process of rejuvenation is significantly impacted. It may cause tiredness and lethargy, and render the mind less active. The decrease in activity of mind affects the cognitive system, ...

General practice and applied ethics

Effective management of rape requires a three-pronged approach that entails provision of comprehensive medical, psychological and social care. Careful immediate and on-going assessments of the patient are required to identify the physical, physiological and psychological stressors as well as the patient’s response to therapy. The potential physiological and psychological stressors for Anne, an 18 year old rape victim will be identified, the nursing strategies for reducing or alleviating these stressors and nursing interventions that will promote healing explored.

Body

The fear of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) like HIV and becoming pregnant may cause emotional distress to Anne. The medical ...

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Criminal Behavior

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is described as “the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor” (Baker & Alfonso, 2006, p. 1) where a traumatic stressor must involve threatened or actual serious injury or death “or other threat to one’s physical integrity” (Baker & Alfonso, 2006, p. 1). The event can be directly experienced or witnessed, although it can also be about a person learning of a traumatic event that violently or unexpectedly occurred to a close associate or a family member. Examples of such events include growing up in an environment in the inner-city, experiencing a natural disaster, military combat, ...

Abstract

Stress is a dynamic and interactional process involving intricate body systems with formulations and operationalisation of the components at different levels(1).There is growing evidence that there is a positive correlation between emotional stress and oral health. As will be demonstrated from the literature reviewed in this paper emotional stress can be implicated in oral problems such as ulcerative conditions, inflammatory conditions, dental decay, TMD, RAS and others that continue to be linked to stress. Stress has also been found to aggravate some oral conditions such as oral lichen planus. In some of these conditions the precise mechanisms by which ...