Essays on Journal Of Public Health

Abstract

This brief essay studied the uninsured and the health care disparities they face. Essential Affordable Care Act provisions and their effects were studied. Critical factors affecting the health care of the uninsured were identified; these included race, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic status, culture, language and income. Several research studies concluded that while access to health care has improved, the quality of this care has not improved for the uninsured. Although the number of uninsured has been reduced dramatically since 2010, insurance costs continue to increase significantly. Failure of states to expand Medicaid benefits has limited uninsured patients’ health care options. ...

The rise in imprisonment in America over the past years has risen at an alarming rate. The United States of America prison population has increased from about three hundred thousand inmates in the 1970’s to over one million inmates in recent years. Statistics show that America has the highest number of inmates in the world (Pfaff 173).The so-called “war on drugs ” which attracted long prison sentences has acted as a major factor contributing to the increase in the prison population (Golembeski 1702). Between the years 2003 and 2010, the prison population rate in the state of Georgia ...

Sex Trafficking Survivors

Muraya, D.N & Fry, D. (2016). Aftercare services for child victims of sex trafficking: A systematic review of policy and practice. Sage, 17(2); 204-220. The study employed the use of current practice, a systematic review of unpublished and published research and organizational policies to explore the various aftercare services that are afforded to the victims of child sex trafficking. The study explored the various services that children survivors involved in sex trafficking are provided with and the policies in place to ensure they are taken care of. There was need for the development of best practices related to the ...

For this assignment, I took the time to observe the built environment in my neighborhood. In my area, I noted that we have some fast food restaurants. The neighborhood also has some parks. However, I realized that not many people make use of the parks. Moreover, within the park, there is no kids’ stuff. The area also has groceries and sidewalks where pedestrians can walk and cycle as well. Moreover, the neighborhood also has public transport system. Such elements help to make up the built environment in my neighborhood. All these aspects of built environment in my checklist impact ...

Abstract

In healthcare financial management, health insurance contributes in determining the healthcare services. The fee schedule provides a list of charges reimbursed for service providers and suppliers. Center for Medicare services, CMS, uses the fee schedule to determine the facilities and non-facility in healthcare provisions. Physicians, ambulance and medical equipment services among others help in the determination of the fee schedule by Medicare Physician Fee Structure (MPFS). The study focuses on CPT code 99214-office visit as the reference in the service delivery by the center of Medicare services. The Medicare and Medicaid rates are essential in determination the fee schedule. ...

REPLY 1: LR

Any tenet of research activity always poses a challenge to the researcher regarding data collection, consolidation and harmonizing the findings available for a report or publication. However, some aspects or types of research prove even more challenging. In my research, the topic was STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), the much projected smooth transition from topic development to the research stage was constantly obscured and slowed down by the nature of the research data available against the objective in mind. Similarly, the replies encountered hurdles in obtaining the necessary data as a result of information shortage and some being ...

Introduction There is plentiful evidence that America needs stronger and more comprehensive gun control laws. There have been hundreds of thousands of shooting deaths in the United States since the 1990s, when the gun control laws were supposedly strengthened. Mass shootings have been going on for years, at schools, churches, shopping malls, theatres, and other public places. These mass shootings are usually caused by high caliber firearms that pose an overt threat to public safety. There has been a documented increase in the number of women in domestic violence situations who have been shot to death in the last ...

Health financing in healthcare economics has been essential in analyzing how individuals generate and allocate financial resources in health systems. Part of this discipline is the analysis of sociopolitical and economic factors in driving consumer spending. On one hand, socioeconomic factors study how economic behavior interacts with social processes to impact healthcare. Contrarily, sociopolitical factors examine how individuals combine social and political factors to impact health through policy. This assignment compares socioeconomic and sociopolitical factors given their impact on healthcare finance and patient care from a nursing perspective. The sociopolitical factors refer to the extent to which individuals let ...

When it comes to the issue of healthcare in the community, there are always gaps that must always be addressed in order to be able to combat the issues and barriers that affect the community. This annotated bibliography will look at the various sources that have been able to address the issue of needs and assets assessment. Citation: Arellano, N., Davis, S., Tyer-Viola, L., Sullivan, M. M.,Mihovan, M. E., Costa, K.&Palazuelos, D. (2015). Towards la clinica de mis sue? os: Findings from a needs and assets assessment among rural nurses in Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Nursing Education and ...

English

Abstract One of the primary health concerns today includes obesity and higher BMI. Research links obesity directly to fast food consumption and the changing lifestyles. There is a dire need for developing public health regulations and avoid the mistakes made when handling tobacco industry way back in the 1960s. There is the need to devise strict rules and regulations, what with thousands of fast food restaurants serving millions of consumers around the globe and make sure that the customers make a well-informed decision related to food and their health. The essay discusses why the fast food industry should be ...

Smoking is a learned habit that has existed in the society for long. This allows us to understand how the habit affects health and wellbeing both. Though the country may make millions of dollars selling tobacco, it spends several times more on treating diseases caused by the smoking habit. Explain why sociology is useful in helping us to challenge the dominance of biomedicine and understand health and health care as shaped by biopsychosocial factors. The society we belong treats scientific knowledge as proven and reliable information to improve once understanding about the world we live. Biomedical understanding of diseases ...

Should There be Introduced a Ban on Smoking?

Thesis: The ban on smoking should be introduced as this dangerous issue affects public health. I. Americans today tend to believe that a ban on smoking should be introduced in all enclosed public spaces, cafes, bars and restaurants as this major issue has proved to cause a number of different illnesses such as heart disease and lung cancer. A. THE ABSOLUTE BAN ON SMOKING BY PEOPLE WHO PATRONISE SOCIAL VENUES MAY SERVE TO INTERRUPT OR PREVENT THE SMOKING HABIT. 1.According to Trotter et.al. the situational influence on young people may have a better effect if they are not addicted ...

BBA

Associate Professor

Health Science Department; Master of Science in Health Administration and Leadership    

Winter 2016

S  

Acknowledgements

This project paper demonstrates the integration of the knowledge I acquired from the courses in Master of Health Administration and Leadership Program and the collaborative application with this project’s community partner, MidMichigan Health to improve the community health in Gratiot County, Michigan. I am thankful for getting this valuable opportunity to work with a large healthcare organization. First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents who worked really hard to financially and emotionally support me in pursuing further education overseas. They comfort me every ...

Translation science can be defined as a branch of science which aims to develop various interventions and programs that can help improve the health of human beings using the “bench to bedside” approach (Wagner and Kroetz, 2016). The translation science project which will be discussed in this paper is mainly focused on the effect of the implementation of a vaccination screening program on the vaccination rates of elderly Hispanic population aged between 65 and 90 years old in a Community Health setting in Miami-Dade area. Currently, there are numerous evidences that can support the need for various interventions and ...

11.1 The perspectives of individuals about food safety activities and operations may be different. This differential gap may be widened by whether an individual works within a local government organization that deals directly with food safety activities or not. According to Figure 11.1 local government organizations innately include food safety activities and operations as an example, they often involve a systematic procedure of registration, compliance assessment (e.g. business inspections and sampling), education, and prosecution. For non-compliant parties, for example, they are often prosecuted for violating the food safety codes. This applies to both local governments in Australia, New Zealand, ...

Introduction: Smoking is a learned habit that has existed in the society for long. This allows us to understand how the habit affects health and wellbeing both in the short term and in the long term. This injurious habit of smoking has taken a commonplace in our culture. Tobacco, the key ingredient in cigarettes, is the leading cause of avoidable illness in the world. A person who smokes 2 packs of cigarette per day, spends ~ 3-4 hours per day on smoking and inhales 1000mg of tar each day. The health care cost is several times higher for smokers when ...

A homeless individual is a person without a regular, satisfactory, and fixed residence for spending a night. The primary residence of such a person is mostly supervised shelter for providing a temporary accommodation. These shelters include emergency shelters and transitional houses that only provide temporary housing. It is a major concern in the US despite being among the most developed countries in the World. Most of the cities in different states in the US are typically faced with the challenge of homelessness. California is among the states that have high levels of street families. Homeless persons usually experience many ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is known as the most commonly diagnosed disease among women. It is not restricted to a single cast race or ethnicity. As compared to white women Asian women suffering from breast cancer are diagnosed at the later stages of the disease, and they also have higher death rates. Many studies are dot done on the racial differences experienced by the survival during the treatment or during diagnosis. Disparities in the breast cancer survival women could be due to inequality in the screening of breast cancer, its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up after the treatment. Research shows that how ...

Over the years, while disparity in healthcare remains a pertinent tissue within the healthcare system in America, and more particularly along racial lines, there has been little effort to develop evidence to unearth this reality. While the issue has been significantly explored and documented, there are no specific cases or solutions as to how these disparities can be managed and the disparity gaps closed (Byrd, Michael and Linda, Clayton, 171). Apparently, this is due to the general and historical perception that the disparity will gradually close down and a time, infinite time, will come when disparity in the sector ...

1. Examine the inequalities of health care in Canada.

Health disparities have been reported in Canada for almost 40 years, particularly among people of low socioeconomic status, Aboriginal identity, female gender, and who live in rural or remote communities (Touhy et al., 2012). “People who are part of a visible minority tend to be economically disadvantaged with blacks and Aboriginals faring worse” (Touhy, et al., 2012, p.52). Little has been done to enhance their access to health services. Aboriginal people have limited access to doctors and dentists even though they have more health care needs than non-Aboriginal Canadians (Fred, 2009). For example, the life expectancy of Aboriginals is ...

There is enormous evidence that the reduction of exposure to risk factors leads to a decrease in the morbidity and mortality related to chronic diseases. Based on such evidence has lead to many demands for a systems approach to public health which allows the incorporation of many disciplines, communities and strategies with a common goal of reducing disease prevalence. The systems approach is based on the knowledge that disease and health are as a result of factors beyond the biological and individual human behavior. For KS and PCP an appropriate program will involve establishing units in existing healthcare facilities that specialize on the ...

Identify the targeted population

In the modern time, the population within U.S is highly growing older and this has been causing different implications on different things including the health, economic together with social institutions. Therefore, this makes it imperative for the state to analyze the past population in order to estimate the future characteristics of its population. Such analysis is significant because it enables the country to implement policies relevant in making informed policies relating to different important sectors such as the health issues of the elderly population. Conversely, this paper highlights the effects of population demographics on the needs and services of ...

Motorcyclists and passengers requirement to wear helmets

With the increasing prices of fuel around the globe, motorcycles are seen by many as a perfect alternative to automobiles due to its fuel-efficiency, agility and easy parking. Most countries around the world, including the United States, have a huge motorcycle following due to this efficiency. However, while these alternate vehicles are indeed practical, the statistics of deaths related to motorcycle accidents have increased greatly each year especially in cases where in both the rider and the passenger are found without helmets. Where is society headed given the growing trend of motorcycle related deaths as many still prefer this alternative mode ...

In most nations of the world, the act of smoking is mostly an individual decision. Though there are social circumstances that push an individual to smoke, it is in essence of a personal decision. Cigarette smoking has adverse health effects both on individuals and the social health indicators, as well. As it will be argued below, most of these negative health indicators can be eliminated by minimizing smoking. Most governments under the advice from the World Health Organization have imposed excise duty on cigarette smoking. From an economic perspective, the governments will end up making massive profits, and as it ...

Literature Review

Sexuality and gender are social constructs, which may differ depending on the norms of society (Reis & Carothers, 2014). In a heterocentric society, certain attributes are reserved to describe either male or female individuals, with characteristics such as aggressive and strong being relegated to males and women being considered as more caring and emotional (Reis & Carothers, 2014). However, not all individuals fit neatly within the categories dictated by society and the challenges of individuals who are treated as “outliers” of society’s norm can be overwhelming, leading to emotional and physical distress, bullying, and social inequalities that have the ability to impact ...

health policy analysis paper example

Leadership is very important in ensuring that government and private sector departments run in satisfying manners. Over the past years, there has been continuous awareness creation on policy demand through advocacy and lobbying as well as community sensitization. Currently in the United States and other nations in the world, there are inequalities in the public health care sectors based on economic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial barriers. These barriers include poverty levels, racial origins of the population (immigrants), and age as well as sex. It has been noted that according to the social stratification based on class, the poor members ...

There are many ways a person can shape their personal beliefs on leadership. Throughout life we observe leadership structures. Examples of leadership are provided for us and we begin to learn what feels comfortable for us as individuals as well as what feels uncomfortable. We are able to use these experiences as a foundation in order to build our own ideas of what leadership should look like. My personal philosophy on leadership is based on the pride I feel when my students followed in the examples I set, becoming successful in their studies and as people. My philosophy of leadership ...

Significance of the Study

People in the society have the right to be safeguarded from personal and psychological harm, loss of property and misuse of power. The general safeguards of society is best optimized through successful corrections community and organizational management, rehabilitation and training programs, in conformity with legal and ethical permissions, offender and staff accountability, and fulfilling the basic requirements of the offenders. The counselors have a special task to shield from harm those who are reluctantly under its care and control; therefore, modern standards for health care, offender classification, due process, fire and building safety, nutrition, personal welfare, and clothing and ...

Smoking can be considered one of the oldest vices that remains ingrained in the culture of many societies today, no matter as to how it is done or the tobacco used by users. Smokers would often say that they continue smoking because it enables them to unwind from stress, to gratify one’s need after a long day and a practice that enables them to relate to their peers. Studies and concerns have been raised to contradict this act as it is discovered that smoking tobacco can cause debilitating diseases both for the smoker and those near the smoker. However, the ...

Introduction

This essay aims to discuss certain aspects about the increasing trend of rapidly growing Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) among the US’s major foreigner community Latino. The matter becomes serious when specifically we look at the population of this community in the Los Angeles (LA) county, of the California (CA) State. It has around 4.9 million Latino-based population. The Latino population includes 48.3 percent of total in LA and 38.4 of total in California. They also comprise of 21.6 percent of total firms in LA and 16.5 percent of total firms in the California. They are owned either by ...

The morning cup of coffee and all its varieties, is under a constant scrutiny for its impacts on health and cognition of consumers. Various studies have tried to showcase the effects of caffeine on the functioning of human body; in the present essay we will discuss some of the health benefits of coffee based on existing scientific research. Coffee is derived from the dried, roasted, and crushed seeds of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are rich in caffeine, antioxidants and various other phytochemicals. Studies show that the phytochemicals derived from coffee play a significant role in lowering neurodegenerative disease risk(Mikuls ...

Advertisements pummel us from every angle in modern times. We no longer have to leave our homes to be the victims of aggressive billboards and magazine ads, imploring that we buy and notice. Now the advertisements show up in our mailboxes, on our doorsteps, in our television screens, and in our inboxes. There is no escaping advertising. The primary basis of advertising is the use of words, and how they affect us on a fundamentally psychological level. Words and phrases, sometimes simple and sometimes complex, have the power to change how we view a product. At times, it makes us want a ...

While it remains debatable that money cannot buy happiness, money certainly can buy quality mental health medications and services. It also may buy a sense of feeling good about one’s self – or at least feeling better in comparison to poorer people. Living in poverty and living with a mental health issue are often comorbidities. Common mental disorders (CMD) such as major depression and anxiety are treatable only if a person suffering from these disorders is able to get access to mental health care. Sadly, this is not often the case for those living at the poverty level or homelessness, no matter ...

Thesis: Advertisement of unhealthy food products undermines the role of public health and the government in fighting obesity and is one of the major suspects for the apparent rise in obesity prevalence. Introduction: This paper will reveal how childhood obesity is an epidemic and a serious public health issue that is incontrovertibly one of the health challenges of the 21st century. The modern lifestyles that are inclines to fast foods have made the problem even more severe. Obesity exposes children to a myriad of health problems both in short and long time. In the short term, obesity affects the normal ...

Sexually Transmitted Disease

As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014 sexually transmitted diseases, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) “spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact” and include a variety of “more than 30 different sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites” (“Sexually Transmitted WHO”). This problematic issue affects untold millions of people around the globe. According to World Health Organization (2014) reports the sexually infectious conditions most commonly transmitted include cases of syphilis, genital warts, genital herpes, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular instances infections may be spread via pregnancy and childbirth, causing the child ...

Mari’s Post

Population health is one of the most significant factors that evolved in the past few years to determine health outcomes of human beings within a certain group. The concept of health population includes genetic, behavioral and social determinants; thus, it has a great influence on personal behavior and lifestyle of persons within a group over the lifespan (Kindig, 2007). This approach is based on various health determinants at individual and social levels that intervene as social, genetic and environmental factors that affect health of the population. According to Stoto (2013), one of the Triple Aims of the Institute of Health Improvement’ ...

We often find soft drinks in each and every store around us. People of all ages are crazy for drinking these beverages during any season and any time. Today, we even find energy drinks that have been introduced in the market especially for the young people, skateboarders, surfers, and people going to rock concerts. But, along with that we are also finding several oppositions against the beverage manufacturing companies. There was a lawsuit filed against Monster Energy, since it was targeting minors of age six. It was trying to change their mindsets by promoting a lifestyle that includes music, sports, gaming, ...

Introduction

Substance abuse such as alcohol usage, tobacco smoking as well as others has been on mass media over the last two decades. Some of the popular mass media platforms where substance abuse is common nowadays may include music industry, TV series and now it has been rampant in the movie industry. American movie industry’s exposure on marijuana usage in on the rise as the USA government stand against the issue is changing every moment. This has facilitated the rise in usage of marijuana in movies such as Pineapple Express and Requiem For A Dream as well as others.

Thesis statement

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Introduction

Many Americans remember a horrible and sorrowful day of December, 14, 2012, when 26 people, including 20 students, were shot to death at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut (7). After that, the USA has seen an awful string of new gun massacres, and question of control of gun ownership and usage had become acute as never before this. It’s well-known, that in some states a teenager requires parental permission to play in a sports team, but not to own a shortgun. In many states, the number of firearms owned by one person is not limited (1). The rate ...

Introduction

Physical inactivity is a leading cause of disease and disability the world over (Gregg & Rowell, 2002). In order to reduce the risk of many diseases and chronic conditions, people need to increase physical activity levels. Diseases infest a body that is relatively dormant and inactive when it comes to physical activity (Wetzler & Cruess, 1985). This report summarizes the findings of an intervention to boost the levels of physical activity of a person. The initiative aims at increasing an individual's physical activity, the upper arms muscles and the chest. This initiative is justifiable for someone whose body is flabby, non-muscular, out ...

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, Health Promotion entails and includes the process through which people are enabled to have more control over their health and the determinants to their health. Essentially, through the health promotion, individuals get the capacity to improve their health. Primarily, health promotion is achieved through the process of creating a public policy, addressing the requirements of health. Such prerequisites may include food security, housing, income among many more other factors that determine the quality of life an individual may live. In the recent past, several attempts have been initiated with the aim of incorporating health ...

In January 2013, there were a total of 610,042 homeless people in the US (Henry, Cortes & Morris, 2013). 394,698 of the homeless individuals lived in sheltered locations while 215,344 of them lived in unsheltered locations (Henry et al., 2013). According to the US Conference of Mayors (2008), the leading causes of family homelessness in 25 cities surveyed include lack of affordable housing (72%), poverty (52%), unemployment (44%), and low-paying jobs (36%). For single adults, the leading causes of homelessness are substance abuse (68%), lack of affordable housing (60%), mental illness (48%), and poverty (44%) (US Conference of ...

Nursing

Shea, S., Kothari, D., Teresi, J. A., Kong, J., Eimicke, J. P., Lantigua, R. A., . . . Weinstock, R. (2013). Social impact analysis of the effects of a Telemedicine intervention to improve diabetes outcomes in an ethically diverse medically under served population: Findings from the IDEATel study. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), 1888-1894. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300909

About the Article

Empirical and theoretical studies suggests that the adoption of innovations indicative of a general pattern revealing that adoption process of the health-related innovations vary according to socio-economic status of individuals. This is one of fundamental principles behind the study conducted by Shea et al. (2013) on the ...

Introduction

Substance abuse such as alcohol usage, tobacco smoking as well as others has been on mass media over the last two decades. Some of the popular mass media platforms where substance abuse is common nowadays may include music industry, TV series and now it has been rampant in the movie industry. American movie industry’s exposure on marijuana usage in on the rise as the USA government stand against the issue is changing every moment. This has facilitated the rise in usage of marijuana in movies such as Pineapple Express and Requiem For A Dream as well as others.

Thesis statement

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More than 30,000 people experience homelessness in Baltimore annually. According to Genberg et al (2013), at least 3,000 people spend their night in streets every day. These statistics are provided by the emergency and transitional shelter services. Considering the large number of homeless people, it becomes apparent that this is a real problem in the area. Homelessness fundamentally results from poverty. With the increasing poverty levels in the area, the problem is likely to persist and the health threats will increase with time. Communicable diseases, hypothermia, foot bite, and frostbite arise due to increased cases of homeless people ...

Should the U.S. provide its citizens with universal access to health care?

Interestingly, the United States is the only industrialized and wealthy nation that is yet to provide free and universal healthcare to its citizens. By far, the US is the Earth’s richest nation. Great Britain, France, and Canada have been able to provide its citizens with universal health care. The current health care situation in the US is affected by restricted access to health care and escalating costs. Insurance coverage currently determines the coverage of US healthcare system (Clarke, & French, 2013). Majority of US citizens are covered ...

Introduction

Public policy refers to the government’s attempt to address a public concern by establishing laws, regulations, decisions or actions that attempt to shed light on the issue at hand. Public issues may range from education, foreign policy, health and social welfare. The process of formulating public policy includes agenda setting, formulation of options and implementation. It is important for regular citizens to be aware and in understanding of public issues because of the policies immediate impact on the citizen’s daily life. Perhaps a clear example is the debate on gun ownership that requires that every American must face some ...

Explain how health inequalities may be understood as inequalities that require structural level explanations.

Inequalities in health are deplored in modern democratic nations and equal opportunities are extolled in principle, if not in practice. The legacy of racism and economic inequality can be rooted in history and is still permeating in the status quo. Inequalities in health status, disease occurrence and mortality are shaped by accumulated wealth, material circumstances, environmental quality, nutrition and a wide range of personal behaviours, genetic inheritance and health services (Bhopal, 2006). Within multiethnic societies, European-origin White populations are characterized by being richer, more powerful and enjoying better material circumstances, environment quality, and health services than non-White ethnic-minority populations. ...

Research Paper Outline

Thesis Statement: This paper tries to find out some general reasons of traffic crashes and also discusses several studies, previously done on this subject in order to understand traffic crashes and why such accidents take place. The paper will elaborate rules and laws formed by government to control road accidents and their impact. - Introduction - Statement of the problem: Traffic crashes claim more human lives than terrorism across the world and also cause damages of more than 400 US billion dollars in US alone. Several steps are taken to minimize the incidents of traffic crash but ...

Introduction:

The United States Agency for International Development and the World Bank hosted a debate concerning the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The debate had the following proposition “Behavior change in generalized epidemics has not reduced new HIV infections and is an unwise use of HIV prevention resources.” Panelists supporting the proposal had a number of reasons that they presented. They argued that the individuals carrying out behavior change implementation had not done a thorough evaluation of their work. For this reason, there are many unknowns in this strategy. For instance, scholars involved have not been able to come up with a behavior change model. Such a model ...

Introduction

For the past 30 years overweight and obesity among Australians has been on a gradual increase, with 60% of adults categorized as overweight and more than 25% obese (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2013). The obese are perceived to be personally responsible for the cause of their own state. Changing the negative attitudes towards obese people, while trying to instill a view of empathy, has been somewhat unsuccessful (Gapinski, Schwartz, & Brownell, 2003; Teachman et al., 2003). This negative attitude encourages stereotypes that the obese and overweight are unmotivated and lazy, as well as many other negative characteristics (Persky & ...

Reducing Drug Induced Deaths

During the year 2005, approximately 22m Americans were experiencing alcohol or drug related problem. Around 99% of people who abused substances or drugs were not aware of the problem they were experiencing. 273, 000 people out of those who identified their problem unsuccessfully sought treatment of their identified problems. The problems suffered included domestic violence, homicide, suicide and motor vehicle accidents/ crashes. These incidences emphasize the importance of enhancing measures to prevent and treat substance/ drug abuse and their related disorders. Such measures will improve the safety, health and life quality of the victims. This paper explores the 2020 ...

New Zealand has witnessed ongoing debates about the fluoridation of local drinking water supplies. Who are the main policy actors involved in these debates, and how have they made use of values and research in identifying and/or contesting policy problems and solutions? Why have public health advocates been losing ground in these debates over recent years? The issue of common water supply fluoridation in localities has stirred not only local controversy in New Zealand, but also in other parts of the world (Winstanley, 2005). In fact, the fluoridation controversy has grown intense throughout years since its introduction towards ...

Cardiovascular Diseases (CDV) Prevention Plan for the AAW Rural Southwest Florida Aims

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in globally. According to the Florida department of health, the disease is preventable yet it causes the highest number of deaths in the the state of Florida (Brown, 2008). Prevention studies have been tackled to help improve the care for the people contacting t diseases. Effectiveness of the clinic has been improved while the risk factors of the disease are being put in check. The rate at which the disease is growing is alarming owing to an implementation plan to help curb the advances of the disease. Before preventing the disease, ...

Introduction

Climate change is – according to many – already definitely with us, and is having and will have major effects on our environment. According to numerous articles including one by NASA entitled “Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet” (n.d.), the signs are already there in the form of melting glaciers, earlier spring breakup of river and lake ice, rising mean temperatures and sea levels and unusual weather patterns, etc. What, if any, will be the global effect on human health? Will there be increased health risks attributable to climate change? In the following paragraphs, this paper summarizes, discusses ...

Abortions

Scholars have constantly attempted to explain factors related increased rates of abortion cases with little success. Many women and young women opt for pregnancy termination, although some argue that their decisions do not stand with it. Despite the rise in education on the long-term implications of pregnancy termination, the rate of abortions cases is still high (Rosenberg 39). Studies highlights that individuals are likely to stop practicing a destructive action after realizing its consequences. However, this hypothesis does not seem to work in the case of abortion. Many scholarly sources suggest that in explaining high rates of abortions, factors that ...

Introduction

Five Guys was founded by Jamie and Jerry Murrell and their sons, all five of whom first begun the business in 1986 with one branch in Westlake shopping centre, where they lived. However, the family expanded and eventually operated six locations in Northern Virginia. The franchise gained popularity with both locals and visitors, and the franchise started to expand at a rapid rate; in 2010, there were more than 670 restaurants operating across America and Canada. Five Guys have survived on their basic philosophy of keeping things simple. They do not have drive throughs, their kitchen is open for ...

Individuals on probation or parole find themselves in a rather peculiar situation for even though they are no longer in prison they are nevertheless considered to be still in jail. When a person is released from jail and placed on probation or parole, they are given a manual detailing all the conditions for their probation or parole. The parole officer can then add or eliminate some of these conditions. These must be in writing. Part of the requirements for probation or parole is that the parolee must agree to an absolute waiver of the Fourth Amendment rights, which demands that ...

The utilization of the non-traditional medicine has been motivated by the efficiency that characterizes this model of managing illnesses. Alternative medicine focuses on products, therapies and diagnosis not mentioned in medical terms before the onset of the twentieth century. Nontraditional strategy includes modernized health care procedures such as the surgery practices in most of the western countries (Stern, 1997). Alternative medicine proposes interventions that contrast directly with those of conventional medicine. Often, there is complementary medicine that represents alternative medicine used together with the conventional.

Non-traditional health care services

Development of the alternative medicines has improved the quality of life considerably. Presently, non-traditional ...

Discrimination defines the distinguishing or prejudicial treatment of a person on the basis of their perceived or actual membership in a certain category or group. This includes gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion or national origin. This forms the basis under which members of a group are restricted from the privileges and opportunities that are offered to another group (Haslyn 2012). This leads to the exclusion of a person or entities on the basis of irrational or logical decision making. Discrimination has been experienced in the United States especially between the whites and the black Americans. This has affected many aspects of black ...