Essays on Karl Marx

Understanding the nature and connection between the mind and the body is less about finding one definite answer and more about the lasting implications that arise when probing into such a question. What does it mean to be a human being? Is humanness simply the body, or is it the desires and inclinations that make up our complex personalities? Are mind and soul one and the same? These questions arise in the Star Trek episode, “The Measure of a Man,” where Picard and Maddox view the same thing, Data, in two different ways. Maddox is initially guided by the ...

Running a branch office in the small town with two college-educated colleagues with middle-class backgrounds and three local residents from lower backgrounds will likely be characterized by disruptive challenges that may adversely affect the operation of the office as a team and thus there is a need for effective management. In running a productive and efficient team at work, there is a need to create an effective workplace and enhance positive social relations among the employees. However, the reality is that there are class differences linked to the ambiguous class position of the employees which may be a source ...

Introduction

Social discrimination is the unfair treatment or making a preference in courtesy of or against an individual in the society based on either class or group among others (Hogg, 2016). The society is characterized by differences in terms of wealth and power as well as status. The differences in such status and privileges lead to stratification in the society (Hogg, 2016). The inequality in the society brings uncalled for treatments and thus the discrimination. According to Karl Marx, the society is only composed of two groups of people. These include those who own the means of production and the ...

Introduction

In more ways than one, the conceptualized constructs demarcating the means by which money exchange takes place within the contemporary world economy are profuse than they might actually appear. The ideology of a contemporary capitalism culture can be split two ways; the thinking of a financializer versus that of a technologist. This paper will take on a triangulation approach at trying to deconstruct the ideals of contemporary capitalism. By cross-referencing different theorizations, the two loudly acclaimed arrangements of abstraction – financialization and technological abstraction – shall be extrapolated and used to establish the actual stand concerning the doctrine of capitalism today.

Financialization

...

In order to ensure peace and prosperity of a country, most governments have employed the use of stringent rules and regulations to govern people. However, some people stray away from the common perception of government and embrace anarchy. Anarchy is basically opposite of what the government stands for, anarchism is a political ideology (Carter, 1971) that holds the state undesirable and harmful while advocating for stateless institutions. The view of anarchists stray away from the commons masses and more often they tend to go extreme and cause social disturbance and unrest (Gage, 2009)as was the case of the ...

Perception and Consumer Behavior

Perception is the process of knowing features of stimuli with the use of vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch (Scott, 1994). The visual perception i.e. size/shape in the L’Oreal Men Expert Vita Lift 5 ad is rectangle with the focus on more than one dimension to enable consumers to downsize their order by enlarging the product along all dimensions. On the other hand, the shape of the Aveeno Absolutely Ageless ad is portrait. The size of the ad is adjusted through focus on multiple dimensions to perceive the product easily. Lettering is another factor affects the perception of ...

Abstract

The basic principle of Marxist criticism is that society is divided in social classes that are in an antagonist relation, wherein the rich and strong exploit the poor and weak. In this sense, Walt Whitman’s poem “A Noiseless Patient Spider” does not reflect the exploitative relation that Marx sees as representative for society, but he rather describes the society of one, hence an atypical society. The solitude, isolation and desolation are feelings that appear throughout the story, so the reader can understand that possession, or a high social status is not as important as companionship, or when one ...

In order to fully understand the concept of Marx’ class conflict and how it contribute to the shaping of capitalism, people need to grasp is definition of the term class. By definition class is ownership of properties. In line with ownership a person is given the power to exclude other people from a specific property and use it for his personal benefit. He also has to right to maximize that property in any way he deems beneficial on his end. This rationale suggests that more property a person has the more power he has over others. As a result, ...

The political elements of Star Trek show that the series had more insight than what is apparent. The show started in the 1960s when the Cold War was at its height. Many authorities argue that Star Trek is an exploration based on self-interest, colonialism, collectivism and control . However, George Gonzalez takes a different approach in The Politics of Star Trek where he undertakes a critical review of the story within the context of the actual implications of the actions of the characters. This paper will review the first two chapters of the book in order to present the critical ...

Theories of Religion

The Functionalism theory was coined by Durkheim whereby the theory views religion from a societal platform based on the way it influences the thinking and behaviour of people. The theory argues that sacred objects tend to have divine properties and people tend to separate them from profane objects (Pals & Pals 2006). Religion is viewed as an aspect that fosters good health and society continuation in general. It is a platform that helps societies to affirm their common beliefs and cultural values on a regular basis while also ensuring that societal order and cohesion is enhanced. The essay looks into ...

The global Cold War was a significant time for the entire world, as the citizens of every country watched on the edge of their seats to see who would make the next move. Nuclear power sent the world into a frenzy and the aftermath of World War II provided the perfect backdrop for a new global-scale conflict. People were scrambling to diffuse the situation while others waited in fear for the worst-case scenario. The Cold War is known as a time of high tensions, nuclear threats, and depending on where one lived at the time, Communist agendas. The primary ...

The Founding of Communism

Communism started during the 1840s, the period when different ideologies arose in Germany. It was founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who respectively excelled in their fields; politics and sociology (History World). The combination of these two individuals became so influential that their ideologies stood out among the several philosophies and ideas during that period. With Marx’s theories, and Engels’ experience in the materialistic world, they gave life to a new economic and political idealism, which received a hostile welcoming from the feudalist society (Ollman). This is because, the feudalist society was dominated by the bourgeoisie, whose ...

The WWI was perpetuated by several reasons especially one regarding the fallout of European imperialism. Moreover, there were increased social class conflicts around the western world especially that revolving around the social class conflicts when Marxism was rising, and the Russian Revolution took place as well, which established the Soviet Union. A rising sense of Nationalism in Europe also rose from Marxism and the conflict of social class. Changes in the governmental structures also sparked WWI, when fascist and authoritarian governments grew in number. The effects of WWI caused the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire (Burlingham). General disillusionment prevailed. ...

The Early Modern Scientific Period started with the invention of the Portuguese caravel which paved the way for the rest of the inventions which came along with the concept of trading. The commercial revolution began from the 13th century, and the Middle Ages experienced an expansion of commerce and mercantile progress which was a by-product of the voyages of the Europeans into the Spanish countries of the time (Burlingham). The Industrial Revolution came as another significant change to the economic system whereby handicrafts and products were made at an astonishingly fast rate, which increased the monetary output of the ...

Voluntary Simplicity Meets Modern Consumerism

INTRODUCTION When people look at the modern world today the first thing they recognize is the evidence of humanity’s development of the world, how they harvested the needed environment for energy and rejoice in the modern technological advances that allow for a fantastic amount of convenience to many people’s everyday lives. However, many of these same human beings fail to consider the consequences, on many levels, that all of these developments and advances may lead to. Many argue that these advances and conveniences have led to an unhealthy kind of consumerism; ideologies that place a great deal ...

I. Introduction A corporation is a common type of business organization in which its owners have the ability to use it as a separate, and distinct legal entity. One of the primary differences between a corporation and other types of business organizations, such as a sole proprietorship or general partnership, is that a duly formed corporation is, legally a person. Moreover, under the law, a corporation is a legal person who the owners, in essence, can control and direct to carry out a range of activities. To be sure, corporations are deemed to have a personality or personhood, including ...

History

Abstract Karl Marx observed the large gap between workers’ and serfs’ quality of life compared to the aristocrats running European countries from France to Russia. He theorized that viewing workers as commodities necessary to produce profits was causing deep angry feelings of alienation in the working class. The pamphlet written by Marx and Engel called The Communist Manifesto (1849). Marx’s work grew from Hegel’s theories about alienation in order to apply to society in the decade of the 1840s (Panich & Leys, 1998). Contemporary authors have determined that the feelings of alienation in 1848 were similar to what ...

Introduction

Mass communication, in its basic sense, can be defined as a type of communication which is broadcasted over a wide group of people through various ways such as print, television, radio, and internet (Obe, 2008). Nowadays it cannot be denied that mass communication is becoming prevalent in the social lives of the modern people. With the advent of the Internet and the rise of social media communication, more and more people are becoming more dependent on social media in order to stay connected not only with their loved ones but also to the happenings and trends happening all over ...

I would like to send my letter of inquiry and fundraising proposal to the local municipal council. In my town, there is a prevalence of homeless people. Due to their miserable living conditions, they are more prone to various diseases and involvement in criminal activities. Alcohol abuse among the homeless is also another major issue haunting their growing numbers. The local Municipal Corporation can help solve this problem by making a shelter(s) for the homeless. The best way to resolve the issue in terms of effectiveness and speed would be to build temporary shelters around the local church ...

Buddhism, like all the other Eastern religions, originated from “Animism”, which is the belief that everything in the universe has an essence, a spirit or a soul. As a way of life, it is similar to the other religions in promoting morality, generosity, kindness, harmony, and respect for all living beings including mother nature. Alike Hinduism, Buddhism believes in the following: 1. Reincarnation, wherein the soul is reborn into another body based on the level of spiritual attainment from the previous life. 2. Karma, which is either the positive or the negative effects of an individual’s actions. 3. ...

Institutionalization of Chinese politics since Deng Xiaoping:

The Chinese state and its relationship to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been by far the most significant factor in determining the level of institutionalization of Chinese politics. Chinese politics was highly shaped during the revolutionary and Maoist periods by the power of the CCP. The CCP’s role in the revolution and its creation of a particular state form highly influenced the state form. The Chinese state under Mao was revolutionary inasmuch as it was primarily focused on class struggle as its primary role. This changed after Mao’s death and the rise of Deng Xiaoping and ...

Philosophy

Explain some of the benefits a student may gain by studying philosophy. Philosophy enables one to reason and it represents almost every aspect of one’s life. Studying philosophy enables one to understand themselves better, understand the purpose of their lives and be in a position to account for most happenings in their daily lives.

Explain the Socratic Method of Teaching. Is this a useful way for students to learn?

Socratic Method of teaching is a technique that involves a dialogue between the student and the teacher where the teacher poses questions at the students continuously. It is an efficient method of learning because the teacher is able to shape the student’s outlooks ...

Spirituality is explained differently by numerous scholars belonging to different epochs and periods. Some describe it as "the human response to God's gracious call to a relationship with himself “(Zinnbauer et al., 1997); nowadays there is a tendency to affiliate spirituality to individual phenomenon and define as “personal transcendence, supra-conscious sensitivity, and meaningfulness “(Zinnbauer et al., 1997). Mentioned definitions can be true, yet, what matters is the angle one looks at. This paper aims to tackle different associations and definitions of the term spirituality. Furthermore, it looks at the interconnection between the notions of scientism, postmodernism along with the ...

Philosophy

With the advent of the Scientific Revolution, there was an increased level of comfort in the society which led to probing the ancient notions or the beliefs that were long held by the majority. A majority of philosophers started giving out their own opinions about a variety of subjects like politics, government, social order, economics, and religion among others. The Era of Enlightenment started with this new found curiosity about scholarly or philosophical opinion becoming popular in the entire Europe. The Enlightenment Era was a time period in the 18th century Europe, which was a movement where philosophers applied ...

Introduction:

We have seen economic progress through the centuries, and we have prized that progress because the same has been making our living standards better and it is giving us access to so many services. That of the United States is an economy which screams progress, but within this progress, the economy also hides a great flaw. In this economy, the rich seems to be getting even richer, while the poor suffer through the worse of the ups and downs, at least this is a question that we are going to prove true or false in this paper. As per ...

John Locke wrote ‘The Letter Concerning Toleration’ among all people. At the time, there were diversities exhibited by people especially in matters regarding religions and faith. The letter called for toleration, bearing that Catholicism was taking root and becoming strong in Europe, especially in England. Due to the fact that there were many religions in the world, and all of them claimed to be the most powerful, and have a majority of followers, Locke saw that the only way to a peaceful coexistence would be through toleration of each other, regardless of which faith a person subscribed. Christianity was ...

Problem Statement

There are a number of reasons, defined by the ethical as well as the economic and the political scenes, for the non-diminishing interest in addressing the gap between the rich and the poor. "The rich get richer and the poor get poorer" is an aphorism, which outlines the major views on economic inequality and the criticism, seen in academic and business literature, towards the philosophy of free market and capitalism in general. One of the principal works, laying the foundation for the discussion, is the work by Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014), who places the idea ...

Introduction

Digital crimes include crimes committed on the internet as well as all types of crimes, perpetrated in the sphere of information and telecommunications systems. In this regard, the subject of the offense is all information resources and technologies, whereas the purpose of this violation is the criminal trespasses. In short, cybercrime regarding the non-legal intervention in the work of computers, software and computer nets as well as an unauthorized modification of any digital data refer to the legal categories, where the object of the crime is the information security, whereas the computer is the subject. If we consider cybercrime ...

Essay

Immanuel Kant: Reason and Freedom Immanuel Kant argues that being purely objective or purely rational and being independently free are two peas in a pod. As Kant argued in his widely known book Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, all human beings possess what he refers to as 'the idea of freedom' (Pasternack, 2002, 12). He builds his concept of categorical imperatives-- in the absence of which responsibility and morality would cease to exist-- upon the speculated idea that freedom is an omnipresent concept. Kant claims that it is clearly not possible for people to envision themselves as 'un-free' ( ...

Compare and Contrast

Compare and Contrast

For a better part of 19th century, various expressive art forms such as orchestral music, Shakespearean drama, sculptures, paintings, and opera enjoyed mass popularity and high-cultural status. However, in America, people shared a culture that was less organized (hierarchically), and less divided into rigid adjectival categories. With time, American arts became increasingly renowned for a growing chasm of “high” and ‘low” culture. Specifically, highbrow culture appeals to the affluent sections of the society who have enough disposable incomes to spend on services and goods that are more expensive and of higher quality. It requires a culture ...

INTRODUCTION

Children have long been a target of consumerism and marketing. Their young, immature minds are taken as the ideal grounds for expanding businesses and victimizing them into becoming the future consumers and materialists of the country. However, it is true that marketing to children is a gigantic social problem which also encompasses ethical and moral standards of individuals as well as of the growing children. There are many factors which promote child consumerism and there are several repercussions of this action. Children are individuals who need to be kept away from these environmental pressures and be allowed to grow ...

Media Consumption and Materialism/Consumerism

Globally, consumption and materialism have become a fundamental component of the prevailing culture. Humans consume a myriad of products and resources that extend beyond their basic necessities to include technological innovations and luxuries aimed at improving efficiency and quality of life. Throughout history, consumption beyond basic needs has served as a method of boosting human happiness. Hence, excessive consumption does not necessarily pose harm to human life (Shah). Increasingly, however, important issues regarding media consumption and materialism have emerged in recent decades. As such, this study examines the neuroscience of human emotions, the use of recreational substances, and the ...

History is a source of knowledge. It is an exceptional chance to learn from someone’s experience, which is especially important when in to comes to studying leadership. World-famous intellectuals, like Galileo, Machiavelli, Charles Darwin and Karl Marx are the quintessence of unconditional leadership, as their innovative contributions to science, politics and economics made a significant impact on the course of history. Niccolo Machiavelli, a 16th century Italian diplomat and political thinker, wrote a revolutionary “The Prince” political treatise. Between the years 1498 and 1512 he served as a political analyst and a diplomat in Florence. That period is ...

1. Capitalists and workers.

An age-long conflict.

Revolution as the only means of fighting social inequality. Result of revolution. According to Karl Marx, social inequality results from the fact that human society is comprised of two basic social classes – capitalists and workers. Capitalists own the means of production that are used to produce wealth, namely plants, factories, equipment etc. Capitalists use workers to enrich themselves by exploiting their work. In other words, they pay them just enough to have an accommodation, food and other necessary things for survival, while the majority of profits goes to capitalists. Marx traced the history of cohabitation ...

Conflict theorists view the society as an entity that is dynamic or an organization that is constantly undergoing change because of competition over scarce resources. The situation of scarce resources in the society creates social problems. The argument about the conflict perspective of social problems was heavily derived from Karl Marx’s ideas. According to Marx, the society is an entity that constantly undergoes change strongly motivated by class conflict. Class conflict is fueled largely by class interest. For a certain class to champion for its interest, it must struggle with another opposite class that has the same interest. ...

Analysis

Capitalism has been the backbone of the success of the American economy and had helped the country dominate the global economy. But, it has created great wealth inequality in America and other countries that have followed the path of Adam Smith. The current economic situation of America makes it clear that to achieve wealth equality, it is important to apply other economic principles such communism professed by Karl Marx.

The Future of Capitalism

The current economy makes it clear that capitalism has been helpful in growing America as a world power. But, the creation of wealth inequality in the society is changing the ...

Value calculation is used to determine the exchange value of goods according to the Marx's law of value while price is calculated to determine the same exchange relation but according to the Law of Equal Rate of Profit.

Abstract labor as the only substance of valuenot use value

In capitalism , the capitalist is concerned with the means of production .He purchases the labor power or the capacity of the labor to work. The capitalist doe not have knowledge or interest about the useful labor or the specific use values of the labor. He hired the worker only to produce the commodities that will be exchanged in the market. So ...

Summary

The article ‘Career Development Strivings’ by Dik, Sargent and Steger discusses what motivates individuals during the decision-making process in their career path. Career development strivings are influenced by five dimensions which include outcome expectations, self-efficacy, spiritual significance, sense of calling and materialism . Personal goals play a vital role in the functioning of individuals. The model is advantageous as it enables individuals to identify the different motives which drive them. The model is also advantageous since it is flexible, and therefore highly efficient . These strivings influence the path individuals are likely to use to achieve career development. The model does ...

What is use value?

According to Marx every commodity has two characters – one is use value and other is exchange value. The use value of a commodity refers to the satisfaction or utility that an individual derives from the use of the commodity.

What is exchange value?

The exchange value of a commodity is the amount of other commodity which is obtained in exchange for one unit of this commodity.

What about money?

Money is the special commodity and functions as universal exchange equivalent. Relationship between use value and exchange value Use value means a relation between consumer and object consumed and is a subjective relation. But if a commodity ...

Abstract

“Bartleby the Scrivener” is a marvelous short story of the American nineteen century that has been discussed greatly from various disciplinary perspectives over the last century. Bartleby has been seen as a revolutionary figure who intentionally disrupts the capitalist system and has been traced to numerous real people, including Thoreau, Emerson, and even Melville himself. Critics have attached numerous equivalences to the protagonist; therefore, it is important to study the historical, political, and cultural context to choose the proper one. “Bartleby the Scrivener” demonstrated not only allusion to specific people and conflicts in New York but also showed class ...

Paul Marx and Warren Hartenstine present two contrasting arguments on whether college athletes should be paid or not. Marx highlights various disparities in earning between college players and their coaches and point at the need to pay college players. He argues that most of the players are blacks who come from poor socio-economic backgrounds and have not been involved actively in academic work (Marx 1). On his account, Hartenstine argues that college athletes should not be paid because eighty-five percent of student athletes graduate with various academic qualifications (Hartenstine 1). About sixty-seven percent of these graduates are professional and ...

When the Manifesto of the Communist Party was published by Karl Marx and Frederick

Engels in 1848, there were a number of important events occurring in Europe, and all over the rest of the world. The Industrial Revolution was the most important economic development of the 19th century, an ongoing transformation in how goods were produced and labor was accommodated that lasted for at least a century. The Manifesto of the Communist Party advocates for the proletariat (the working class), and key passages help understand the historical and cultural context of the time, shed light on the overall work and its importance, and are open to critique. “The Communist Manifesto” is a pioneering ...

The means of production defined by Karl Marx mainly comprises of capital invested, labor and land used. Labor consists of the physical and mental contributions made by workers in the production process. Land consists of natural resources used in production. Finally, capital is another means of production and it includes investment, factories, and machinery. Overall, the means of production available to a society includes physical elements, apart from human beings. Physical elements comprise of several materials such as natural resources, tools, machines, and offices. In addition, means of production also include distribution means such as the internet and the ...

Introduction

The common denominator that characterizes almost all the great works of the 16th century Hispanic poetry is that they passed through one major place where they sharpened their literal prowess and acumen, the University of Salamanca. The University has proven to be a fertile ground for nurturing of great talents since the times of Renaissance to date, with notable alumni in the fields of poetry, theology and law. The sixth century within the contexts of the Hispanic literature, Renaissance was majorly characterized by academicians, many of them are teachers, poets, lawyers among others and often led lives that were ...

1. Christopher Columbus was a villain to the new world as his discovery brought colonization and the natives were forced to move from their lands within a decade. When Columbus reached America, he killed, enslaved and raped several innocent natives. Over a period of time, Columbus’s discovery of America became the doom of Native Americans and brought death and despair. Columbus was even arrested when the Spanish monarchs learned about his mistreatment of natives. Overall, without Columbus and his discovery of the new world, the natives would have been in a better position. 2. When colonists started to ...

The nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century have brought some dramatic changes in all aspects of human life. Technological advances, industrial development, new political and social movements have changed the common perception of the social structure, the rights of the different social groups, and the wealth distribution paradigm. In the United States, the period is known as the Progressive Era, where positive changes, improvements in all aspects of life were embraced by the majority of the population and, most of all, by the emerging middle class. Labor movement, socialist ideas and women’s suffrage were all products ...

Introduction

Ricardo and Marx have developed an economic approach based on the labor-value. Both authors’ economic theory depends on the labor-added value. As known, the price determination in the markets is the most important mechanism defined in the science of economics. The price is an agreement between the agents in the economy, and the price conveys a lot of information to the agents in the economy. For instance, by using the cross-price demand elasticity statistics, or the income demand elasticity comparison, one agent can see how the price competition is developing, and how successful the market is contributing to the ...

Question 1. What is the World System theory and how does it explain the structure of the international system and actions of states? World-systems theory is a macrohistorical paradigm of research of international relations that examines the social evolution of the economies, historical systems and civilizations as a structural relationship within the broad historical and geographic community, the so-called "world-system". World-systems analysis is considered as an alternative to traditional interdisciplinary social sciences, since it criticizes stadial concepts of history, is focused on supranational perspective and rejects the dichotomous opposition between East and West (Halsall, 1997). The key concept of ...

Classical economics also known as liberal economics was first developed by the father of economics, Adam Smith. His book "An Inquiry into the Nature and the Causes of the Wealth of Nations" was written in 1776. This period is considered as the beginning of classical economics. Adam Smith contributed to economics with his moral thought. He has given our capitalist economy a different form. But Karl Marx first used the term classical economics . He was the most influential thinker and most controversial in his time. He was a great philosopher, social scientist and revolutionary. He is the main person ...

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE

Adler, P. S. (2012). Perspective—the sociological ambivalence of bureaucracy: from Weber via Gouldner to Marx. Organization Science, 23(1), 244-266. This authors presented a different view of the functional/bureaucratic organization. The author argues that reports suggesting that the bureaucratic form of organizational structures are dead are mere exaggerations. The author content that there is a need to continue debating about the effects and functions of the functional organization. The author disagrees with the long-held view of the functional organization as inspired by Max Weber, which views bureaucratic organizations as inefficient. While using evidence from research, the author challenged ...

Philosophy

Introduction One of the most important reasons behind study of literature or the literary works of authors is that they contain a philosophical or hypothetical perspective on different matters, which are yet again brought to the forefront of analysis through comparison with those of other authors. What makes study of these perspectives all the more interesting is that one cannot simply declare one to be the most acceptable and the other invalid. It is because that in literature, there is no right or wrong – instead, there is only greater agreement to the perspectives of one that the other .One ...

Karl Marx is known for his presentation of the concept of Communism which has been an important part of political organization in Europe and around the world. Marx is known for writing the Communist Manifesto alongside Friedrich Engels which has been quoted extensively for an alternative form of governance based on socialism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the biography and political thought of Karl Marx as a philosopher who influenced western thought in a significant way. This will lead to the critique of the Communist Manifesto and how it influenced modern political thought. This paper builds ...

(Author Name) (Course Name/Number)

Introduction

Food insecurities have existed since the beginning of time, but only since the development of structured society has the issue of poverty (i.e. lack of financial resources) been recognized as one of the underlying causes responsible for hunger, malnourishment, and subsequent death. Sociologists have spent years of research and exploration dedicated to understanding the intricacy of different societies, what components make them successful, and what shortcomings lead to their eventual collapse. Through this sociological analysis, we will explore three major social theories and their effectiveness in explaining why food insecurities still exist in modern, developed ...

Pain Management in Hospice Care

Pain is one of the sources of discomfort for the patients admitted in hospice care. Motivated by the need to rectify the paucity of information on the characteristics of pain for the patients who have other terminal diseases other than cancer, Romem et al., (2015) performed a retrospective study in which they wanted to compared the characteristics of pain for those patients admitted for dementia treatment and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with those admitted for cancer. Romem et al., (2015) found that there was a high prevalence of pain as a source of discomfort for patients ...

Descartes argues that there are two equal world beginnings, i.e. "mind or mental substance, and body or physical substance" (Philosophy of Mind, 2016, p. 5). The main property of the first beginning is the thought, while the second one operates with the length. Both phenomena coexist in the world, moreover, these two principles are everlasting, and none of them dominates the other. However, Descartes says that God created these substances, which means that his dualism is approaching idealism, as dualism "could be based upon religion, belief in life after death, or belief that people are more valuable than mere ...

Substance Dualism and Materialism: According to Descartes

René Descartes’ substance dualism is summed up in the most famous words used by many: “I think, therefore I am.” This is an indication of how he perceived the mind and the body – as two separate entities. His substance dualism can be summed up further in that, the farther the mind is moved away from the senses, the better the mind can understand the truths around its thinking. Thus, it means that, according to Descartes, the mind is separate from the body. In his reasoning, he regarded the material as separate from the mind. This forms the crux of ...

(1). Nozick’s principle of justice in acquisition states that where a person combines his talents to a resource that previously was not owned by anyone; his ownership of that item is just. For instance, a person that knits a coat out of string found on the street is a rightful owner of the coat. Nozick’s principle of transfer states that a person can right come into the possession of something he did not make, if the maker voluntarily transfer ownership to the person. For example, if the coat maker gives the coat he made to his son, ...

Gene replacement refers to a technique which utilizes homologous recombination (Carter & Shieh, 2010, p. 265), to make alterations by either adding a gene, deleting a gene or including point mutations. Gene replacement attempts to cure most of the genetic diseases at molecular level. A successful gene replacement prevents a protein from causing harm, giving new functions to proteins, and recovering or enhancing the normal function of a protein. This technique is commonly used to prevent, treat or improve animals. This is a permanent process that is very beneficial to animals. The process of animal gene replacement involves several processes ...

Intricacy and complexity of Arthur Miller`s play Death of a Salesman reflect not only existential along with social anxieties and miseries, but, also, American reality of the post-war period, when the US society seemed to get rid of devastating effect of the Great Depression and aftermath of WWII. In his play Miller depicts an average American who, like the rest of the world, has a dream. However, taking into consideration national and social peculiarities of protagonist this dream is tightly connected with more ideological notion entitled – the American Dream. Thus, through play`s protagonist, Willy Loman, one may ...

Egypt is a North African country with a high population of the Arabs. The main religion of the country is Islam though there are also Christians and other religious groups sparsely spread all over the country. Social inequality in Egypt is one of the worst in the region. As a bigger population of the country struggle to live below a dollar, the cities keep on rising with skyscrapers. The poor-rich gap keeps on widening. Apart from the evident distinct gap between the poor and the rich, gender inequality is on the rise. Women have gained a little recognition in ...