Essays on Law Of Thermodynamics

Introduction

I would like to show in this discussion that Maxwell’s Demon does not violate the second law of thermodynamic but violates the first law (Angus, Armstrong, and Reuck).This can be shown by demonstrating that Maxwell’s Demon Process (MDP) can be turned to a step process which is a reversible cycle. According to the Maxwell’s Demon Process, An ideal gas is contained in a very tough or rigid walled container is divided into two halves using a rigid partition with a hole or a trap door on it. The vessel and the trap door should be ...

Drugs can have many differing affects on people, whether their consumption leads to a positive or adverse response. All of this depends on the levels of enzymes in the body and how the variations of expression lead to these possible outcomes. The major theme of the two sources on this topic relate to the specific enzyme, CYP3A. CYP3A is a subfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which serve to catalyze the addition of oxygen into molecules. Their ultimate role serves two spectrums: to convert foreign substances into less toxic products that can be eliminated from the body, or to convert ...

Abstract

This essay briefly describes the meanings of the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics, as the name illustrates, is the field of science where the dynamics of quantities including but not limited to heat and temperature and their relationship with energy, work, entropy etc are dealt with. The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the principle of conservation of energy. It establishes a theoretical limit on how much work can be output when a certain amount of energy is available and vice versa. The second law of thermodynamics is a bit more subtle and ...

Which is a better choice at the grocery store: paper bag? Plastic bag? Or tissue bag? Explain your answer.The best choice at the grocery store is to bring a used bag. Paper bags, plastic bags, and tissue bags all have individual issues associated with their use. Paper bags come from a renewable source, and are biodegradable. Despite this, they require more energy to make and are less likely to be reused. Plastic bags are not biodegradable but consume less energy to be made than paper or tissue bags. Tissue bags are the highest energy consumptive option, but are more ...

Introduction

A pressure cooker is a hermetically sealed pot that utilizes the thermodynamic principles of steam pressure to cook foods faster than conventional cookers, and use energy more efficiently. Though pressure cookers have existed for many years, they have lately gained considerable popularity as they are considered to be among the beast means for healthy cooking in the market. Moreover, pressure cookers are very simple to use, and the resulting appearance and flavor of foods cooked in them make it difficult to believe how fast the cooking process is actually completed. This paper will focus on the thermodynamic principles under ...

Introduction

At times, industries require the temperatures to be kept below the ambient for some processes to be effective. To do so, they must design ways to eliminate the excess heat generated by machines and introduce an artificial room temperature lower than the ambient. They must effectively eliminate temperatures above the ambient. A refrigerator is thus required in these operations. This refers to a device that can maintain the temperature below the ambient. The primary objective of a refrigeration process is to lower the temperature through heat removal. Since its invention, refrigeration has seen used in many industrial and household ...

Introduction

The fundamental process of thermal power plants is based on the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy and, subsequently, into electric power, using steam as the working fluid. According to the U.S. Energy Information System, over 67% of the electrical energy in the United States is generated through thermoelectric power plants, which use the combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal and petroleum to generate the steam necessary for the process; moreover, thermoelectric power generation accounts for an approximate 80% of all the power generation worldwide. Thus, the electricity consumed in most homes and industries is ...

Ted Talk as an organization is a platform to share ideas with a key focus on technology, entertainment and design, on a myriad of topics from business, science and global issues. Dan Cobley formerly of Google shared his presentation in Ted Talk with his topic being “What physics taught me about marketing”. After listening to Dan Cobley’s Ted Talk the first thing that is evidenced is that any and everything can have a connection, all we need is an introspective review, since from a general perspective marketing and physics have nothing in common. The principles of marketing and ...

People have always aspired to harness and manipulate the surrounding world. Efforts to subdue and to change the nature were always connected with the invention of different types of mechanical and artificial devices that help to override the environment. One of the most important part of the surroundings for people is energy. Attempts to conquer the energy have started before the industrial revolution. People used power of sun, wind, water and animals to do their jobs. Then there was machines that were able to use the power of steam. Scientists and engineers such as Thomas Newcomen and James Watt ...

Abstract

This paper discusses and answers the questions related to the laws of thermodynamics, differences between potential energy and kinetic energy, and differences between overall efficiency and efficiency of a light bulb. Current knowledge regarding thermodynamics has been applied to answer these questions with help of online resources. 1) How are the laws of thermodynamics an important consideration when trying to make the most efficient mechanical machines to do work (such as create light)? A) The Zeroth law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of physics, which suggests that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, and one ...

Funding is requested from the National Science Foundation in order to carry out proposed research based on the calorimetric study of enthalpy, Gibb’s energy, and entropy. The technique of calorimetric experimentation has changed a great deal from the early 1960s when studies of the heat ionization of water were conducted. The first adiabatic bomb calorimeters were very simple and controlling the difference in temperature between the inside and outside jackets was hard to control. The difference in temperature needs to be as small as possible, close to an infinitesimal amount. Technology has developed to sophisticated levels. The automatic capabilities ...

Chemistry

Thermodynamics of Refrigeration

In the olden days winter was the best time of the year for cold drinks, sorbets and ice creams because ice was readily available. Without a thorough understanding of thermodynamics our communities might have to be brought their ice in an ice wagon just like in the olden days. The laws of thermodynamics were developed by scientists and used when processes of the Industrial Revolution were developed. The physics of heat transfer are applied in order to transfer heat away from the portion of a refrigerator or air conditioning that needs to continually cool the air. Now the ...

Ludwig Boltzmann was an Australian physicist who is well known in the world of physics and Chemistry. The main fields that make him a well known person in the field of science are the molecular motion of particles in which he proposes that molecules must have thermal energy on top of other forms of energy for them to move (Klein 45). He contributed immensely in statistical mechanical physics and statistical thermodynamics. By evaluating amount of energy in molecular bodies, his influence stretched further to cover molecular chemistry. One of the most remembered and significant theory is the H-Theorem. The ...

Plant and Solar cell

The sun plays an extremely vital role in sustaining the life on earth, exhibited through the emission of solar energy that aids in the cycling of matter, and maintenance of gravity (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). The solar energy reaches the earth through radiation. It flows through the biosphere, warms the atmosphere, evaporates, recycles water, generates winds and support plant growth (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). Further, the energy from the sun also supports photosynthesis, the process by which green plants use natural light to make compound such as carbohydrates that maintain their lives also feed other organisms (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). On the ...