Essays on Legislators

Term limits are an essential part of legislative control, but the processes also detriment the welfare of central actors in the system. Actors in the legislative system especially the members of the Senate are regarded in the office stay, and their careers also conform to the same criteria. Limitations in the American legislature deter the existence of service deliveries in public. Moreover, the fact that the advocacy was acquired through the use of voters has approval enhancing the functioning of the legislature. Principally, the essence of term limits was orchestrated under the participation of Congressmen from large states in ...

Newspaper Articles on Policy Issues

Immigration Eid, T. A. (2017, January 14). Trump poised to reform America's failed immigration policies. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from http://www.denverpost.com/2017/01/14/trump-poised-to-reform-americas-failed-immigration-policies/

Abortion

McGinley, L., & Goldstein, A. (2017, January 23). Trump reverses abortion-related U.S. policy, bans funding to international health groups - The Washington Post. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/

Tax

Shear, M., Appelbaum, B., & Rappeport, A. (2017, January 26). White House Sows Confusion About Plan for a 20% Import Tax - The New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/us/politics/mexico-wall-tax-trump.html

Federal legislation

Newly Signed Federal Law One of the bills that was recently passed by the House and the Senate and ...

Pennsylvania is one of the states in the United States of America. Its location is in the north-eastern region of the U.S. It borders Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Ohio and Ontario as well as New Jersey and New York. It is 33rd largest state in land area, but the 6th most populous and the 9th in population density in the U.S. Harrisburg is its capital. The state is largely a Democratic Party region. It is a crucial state in the US politics. It is a swing state. It has only supported a losing candidate in the US presidential elections ...

Judicial Activism of the Court of Justice of the European Union

Since the ECJ handed down the 2005 Mangold v. Helm case, there have been several criticisms provided by different scholars of the decisions it made and what they believed had various consequences for the European Union law. Essentially, the decisions made by the court involved several queries, but the main one was applicability of European Union age‐based anti‐discrimination law in situations involving the fixed‐term employment contracts. The contracts were founded on the law that permitted the fixed‐term contract with no demands for the objective reasons that justified the limitations of the employment period past the ...

But how do legislators and regulators determine the risk associated with a particular activity? And how is their process for evaluating environmental risk different from that of the regulated community? The legislators and regulators strictly adhere to existing laws and regulations to determine the risk associated with a particular activity. They evaluate situations and measure the extent of harm which will be inflicted on the community as a whole. Any activity that is said to introduce detrimental effects to the environment is considered harmful and illegal if it goes against environmental laws. The process used by legislators and regulators ...

The committee membership in the United States of America is not diverse. The polarization of the states is dividing the area into different districts which awards one political party an electoral advantage, and while forming the committees, most members are from the benefited political party. The varying of the voter's ID throughout the states results in a lack of diversity as not all citizens are given a representation chance in the government. While electing the committee, the voter’s turnover is less, and those people who are not present are not likely to be presented. The legislators play a ...

Introduction

The United States of America represents one of the most democratic nations in the world based on the history of the country. Americans have advocated for democracy through a number of movements that aimed at uniting or disintegrating Americans based on their agenda and goals. One of the issues that affected U.S. in the past and continues to portray its significance today is the discrimination against race, ethnicity, and color. White people felt as if they owned the country and looked for strategies to get rid of blacks through denying them some basic needs and using violence means to ...

Enactment of the Proposed Policies

The proposed policies will be enacted through modification and enhancement of the existing laws. The present day health care system faces a lot of challenges and therefore the health advocacy is important as it will introduce a number of enhancements to the existing policies. The experiences that nurses go through in the health care system inform the decision to carry on with the advocacy on responsible alcohol service. The advocacy will influence enhancement on the existing laws, policies, and regulations on alcohol consumption. The advocacy, therefore, requires one to step beyond his/her own practices and into a world that ...

Childhood obesity is a growing health concern with the National Conference of State Legislatures (2014) estimating that 31.7% of children and adolescents are either obese or overweight. Consequently, such a health concern has an impact on nursing. This is especially the case considering that obesity is associated with the patient being at a high risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and liver complications (Joshi, 2015). It is therefore important that policy imperatives be developed to tackle the problem. Some of primary areas of concern for a policy touching on childhood obesity include school nutrition, insurance coverage for affected ...

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Introduction

Public policy is a crucial aspect of social and political structure and it paramount in making decisions and choice by those in power because public policies has a significant impact towards the public’s daily life. On the other hand, policies encompass loopholes created by conditions that are either overlooked by the policy-makers or caused by the changing trends in social and political environment. This is when the importance of analysis and evaluation of public policies becomes important in ensuring that the implemented policies will effectively serve its intended purpose. Normally, elected political leaders have ...

Introduction

When operating within the healthcare industry, it is important for health professionals to adhere to a set of legal and ethical standards that define their connection to the profession. The legal and ethical standards act as a set of rules that govern the overall performance of health professions with an aim of ensuring that they perform based on the expectations from their patients. However, one of the key challenges arising from these legal and ethical standards is that they tend to bring about a platform for conflicting expectations especially on matters associated the decision-making element. The perspective presented through ...

What is the background information provided by the author?

The current environmental regulatory regime led to widespread dissatisfaction. This is because the centralized command-and-control environmental regulation does not offer a reliable method for determining the optimal amount of pollution or finding the most efficient means of achieving the desired pollution level. This has resulted in various reform proposals and policy changes to increase environmental quality. One of the proposed reforms includes abandoning most of federal environmental regulation and returning to the common law environmentalism. This proposal has however received harsh criticism from most stakeholders in the environment sector who believe that the failure of state common law is ...

Introduction

Policy development should pass through some analysis processes before drawing the levels of authenticity, credibility and legitimacy required for them to be rated as authoritative. Importantly, policy development follows many deliberations aimed at ensuring that they offer solutions to specific challenges in the society. In most cases, policy developers will engage in debates and stem out the merits and demerits of the policies that they seek to pass as per the demands of the existing challenges. Imperatively, public participation and sensitization is always a core exercise that is always critical to the entire exercise of policy development. In the ...

Introduction

In their attempt to identify appropriate research approaches in politics, feminists have often criticized traditional social science methodologies. In her article on women and democracy and the patriarchal welfare state, Carole Pateman raises the issue of the highly patriarchal political scene. She indicates that the positive and social democratic perspective is that a welfare state provides social meaning and equal worth to the political and juridical rights of all citizens. A second, more pessimistic, view on the welfare state, according to Pateman (1987) is that it provides the government with new approaches to exercising power over and governing the ...

1) Is it a good idea to not allow ordinary voters the opportunity to decide who their senators will be? Generally, it is a very good idea to allow voters to pick the people that will represent them. This is one of the most important aspects of the American government, and it has become a model for democracies around the world. Even though there are some people that believe that the whole population should not choose their legislators, believing the general populace to be uninformed and incapable of doing this adequately, liberty and personal freedom are two important values ...

Summary

A number of national policies are discussed and aired daily on mass media platforms and newspapers. The three national policy issues that I found interesting are sourced from these three newspaper articles:- The Associated Press. (2016, May 14). Reyes banned through May under MLB domestic violence policy. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2016/05/13/reyes-banned-thru-may-31-under-mlb-domestic-violence-policy/84344426/ Reuters. (2016, June 11). California Governor Signs Bill Letting Undocumented Immigrants Buy Insurance. New York Times [New York]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2016/06/11/us/11reuters-california-insurance.html?_r=0 Shear, M. D., & Lichtblau, E. (2016, January 4). Obama to Expand Gun Background Checks and Tighten Enforcement. New York Times [New York]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/05/us/politics/obama-says-he-will-act-on-gun-control-in-coming-days.html

Gun Violence Research Act

This ...

Jim Crow was a dance made up by a white American. The dance and song itself were written by a comedian Thomas Dartmouth Rice, also known as Daddy Rice, in 1828, which depicted African-American culture. On the other hand, the performances were deriding slavery whilst poor African-Americans had to deal with the indignity. That was what the jumped Jim Crow dance and song was all about. Immigrants, lower class and colored people faced hard times. Although progressives responded to the ills of inner cities and working-class immigrants with ...

Leadership Structure in the House and the Senate

The leadership structure in the U.S. Congress is an intricate system that is divided into The House of Representatives (the House) and the Senate. Both divisions are further divided into two factions that, the majority who are members from a party holding more than half the available seats and the minority who are from the party that has members who hold less than half of the seats available. In the House, the top-most leader is the Speaker who is a constitutional leader given that the position of the Constitution recognizes the office of the Speaker. It is important to ...

Introduction

The Tesla autopilot system is a system that uses a front-facing camera, a forward-looking radar, 12 ultrasonic sensors, and GPS to maintain the car on the road. It is not a fully autonomous it does not drive the driver to their particular destination or sense the traffic lights. It simply helps the driver navigate the road more easily and warns them of any oncoming traffic (Zolfagharifard 1). The driver does not drive the car but instead he or she acts as a system operator. The Tesla systems adapt and learn from the mistakes and obstacles from the systems of ...

Introduction

The development of a policy that aims at creating changes in the society must undergo a legal process before its implementation. The policy passes through different stages that determine its suitability in achieving the objectives. These stages include; problem identification, the appointment of the policy development committee, developing the formulation process, drafting policy recommendations, policy implementation, and evaluation. The following essay describes the policy process of the Affordable Care Act introduced by the American President, Barack Obama looking at formulation, legislation, and implementation phases. The United States President, Barack Obama, introduced the Affordable Care Act (ACA) policy to bring ...

Abstract

Rural residents have different health care needs compared to urban populations. There are economic, social and cultural as well as educational aspects that impacts the manner by which health care is delivered in rural areas. As a means to address the different health care needs of urban residents, legislators worked towards the development and implementation of policies that are perceived to improve the health and well being of the urban population. Included in these programs is the adoption of better payment plans, the promotion of wider and more affordable health insurance, and the alteration in the health care delivery ...

Two Arguments on Homophobia

Introduction The discrimination of individuals who identify as homosexual or are thought to be gay is a common occurrence across the globe. Cities, boroughs and states have passed legislation that outlaws homosexuality. Negative attitudes towards homosexual people usually lead to hostility that come in verbal and physical attacks which sometimes result in death. Homophobia or the fear of individuals who are gay has been associated with religious and cultural beliefs, general ignorance about sexuality and the need to make homosexuality a tool for political gain. Using the case of Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Bill, this paper explores the causes of ...

Introduction

The issue of hydraulic fracturing, also known as “fracking” an innovation how to extract natural gas from minerals such as shale rock has become very controversial as of recently in the United States. Large sections of the United States especially in the Northeast have lots of shale rock which has caused many oil and gas companies naturally to extract the region’s resources. This over time has caused many conflicts between the oil companies, local residents as well as local, state and federal authorities. Many people question how safe of a process fracking is and what are the unknown ...

Governing structure in Texas usually includes the executive officials, legislators and state judges. The government structure has been satisfactory to some extent following the relevance of the system being executed. That could be the definition of the good side of the governing structure. On the bad side, the governing structure may be unfavorable to some citizens thus denying all the members of the public an opportunity to enjoy the pride that should come with proper governance. Also, the structure may be defined as ugly if some of the initiatives by the government are not the most outstanding and attractive ...

Question 1 California’s Political Culture

Historically, California’s state constitution was based on the amended constitution that was first adopted before California gained statehood sometime in 1850. The initiative and the referendum were used by the state to alter its constitution, and throughout its existence the state constitution of California has been altered for about 500 times. And this can be attributed to the referendums that gained a high rate of approval from the voters. For one, the state’s administration is representative of a democratic government, which allowed the voters to participate in the approval of constitutional and statute initiatives, thus ranking California ...

Question 1.

The European Integration has undergone several changes to be what it is now. Several incidents and treaties marked the turning points for the EU in its infancy years to create a more stable and unified European cooperation. The Marshall Plan formed in 1948 consolidated democracy in Europe after the German defeat in the WW2 (Dinan 1122). The United States proposed the plan to speed up economic development in the transatlantic region. The plan saw the creation of the OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation) liberalize trade and the Coal and Steel Community to oversee the extraction of coal in ...

Fugitive Slave Act was a couple of federal legislations that allowed for the incarceration and return of runaway fugitives within the territory of the US. Initially, the Congress enacted the Fugitive Slave Act in 1793 that empowered the local governments to capture and return the slaves who have escaped from their owners and impose penalties to people who aided the escape of the slaves. The extensive resistance to the 1973 legislation later spurred the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.The new law further complicated issues by imposing harsher punishments for the people who were interfering with the ...

The debate as to whether or not to legalize marijuana in America has been heavily documented. Different states have different laws pertaining the vice. The fact that it is used both for medicinal and recreational purposes makes it difficult for the government to ban it. In the past few years, the marijuana debate has constantly featured in legal and legislative controversies. Different states seem to adopt different approaches over the issue. At the moment, marijuana is legalized in more than 20 states, including the District of Columbia. It would be prudent to note that such legalization is restricted to ...

The Fair Sentencing Act

On August 3, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, for the first time in the History of the U.S (Grindle, 2010). This law was a response to the then claims of racial biases of the law in convicting drug dealers. This Act established new quantity thresholds, which were meant to trigger statutory mandatory minimum and maximum penalties for offenses related to cocaine. By so doing, this law amended the Controlled Substance Act and the controlled import and export of substance. This new law saw to it that the quantities of cocaine that ...

called and held to account

Introduction

Traditional models of accountability, primarily those of elections and legislative scrutiny, are no longer sufficient in holding governments accountable. While Emy and Hughes (1988) argue that accountability dilemmas have been long standing within ministerial government, they see accountability failures as an indication of mechanisms corrupted by political interest. The rise of new social movements is a strong indication of the collective desire of citizens to interrupt the “chain of accountability”. The desire to influence political decision makers is a reflection of a growing assumption that the democratic deficit facing most western governments requires experiments ...

Health Insurance in the United States was implemented as a means to help individuals as well as families to cope up with the rising medical expenses. The annual report by has stated that the number of individuals seeking health insurance coverage (public) has seen substantial increases since 2010. This finding is in line with the assumption that the rising medical assistance costs have been putting a tremendous amount of pressure on people. They have been finding health insurance as the only viable solution to meet their medical expenses. But paying for insurance is not a relieving matter either (especially ...

On a particular issue of importance to Canadians, do the media present a range of viewpoints or political positions or do they reinforce and reproduce dominant ideologies? Media play a major role in informing the general public of the current affairs entailing the issues that may directly or indirectly have effects on their daily lives (Carney 2008, p.18). In both the western and eastern world, mass media are recognized as the primary source of news, entertainment, advertisement, sports and recreation in general, and the education channel that aim to reach a large number of audiences. Media are deemed as ...

Abortion

INTRODUCTION Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy in a woman as a result of medical requirement or to avoid unplanned and accidental conception. In most countries across the world, abortion is highly condemned by some groups in the society while other groups support the procedure. According to Christian teachings on life, it is believed that life begins at conception; this means that an abortion is equal to the murder of a human being. The legalization of abortion in America by the Supreme Court in the year 1973, spark controversy debates across the nation. Anti-abortion activists condemned such ...

Nurses have the ethical, legal and moral obligation of ensuring there is justice in the society. As such nurses have the mandate of being at the forefront in addressing the human rights. Their action and clinical practice have to be designed to promote human rights and prevent any form of social injustice. According to the American Association of Nurses, nurses have to respect the dignity of every individual and, as such, the services rendered to patient have to take into account the values and needs of the patient and including their family (ANA, 2010). The social justice in nursing ...

Study

Abstract Juvenile transfer laws is one of the most controversial issue on the today’s criminal justice agenda of the United States of America. Thus, the policymakers vehemently argue that the possibility of being tried ‘as an adult’ is an effective general, specific and potential deterrent of juvenile crime. Enacted in the majority of the states, the juvenile transfer laws are thought to be an effective restraint against juvenile recidivism, an effective tool for rehabilitation of the young offenders and a solution, which protects the community against the most dangerous juvenile offenders. Yet, the several studies demonstrated that these ...

Effects of Fictional Violence On Aggressive Behavior

Introduction Media violence has been a topic of controversy because many researchers propose that violent media will encourage people to act aggressively and violently as a result of learning that behavior from watching others. Many of the earlier studies focus on short- term effects of watching violent media and measuring the effects by observing the outcome of aggressive behavior. One of the earliest studies to bring up the topic of the influence of viewing aggressive models on aggressive behavior was that of Albert Bandura in the 1960s. According to Bandura’s study, when children were presented with an aggressive ...

Introduction

Responses about California Reform Regardless of the introduction to the legislation in 2008, California was familiar with subsequent changes in 2010 and 2012. The Proposition 20 as the ballot initiative was adopted in 2010 with the purpose to improve the election process and develop the framework of the activity for the Commission. In generla, it is possible to states that the purposes of the legislators pursued during the development of this particular rule have been achieved and realized. First of all, the elections to the Congress in the state were featured with increased level of the legitimacy in accordance ...

Relationship between law and policy in healthcare

Health care law focuses on the judicial, executive and rules that govern the health care sector. The health care trade includes hospital systems, public and personal insurance system, pharmaceutical and drug making organizations; and therefore the individual practitioners who are involved in actual treatment of patients. All these various entities function inside a diverse and complicated rules and laws. All the practitioners, at one point or the other are trained in laws that guide the medical sector (Pozgar, 2011). The areas of focus include fraud and abuse, food and drug law, medical malpractice, and health care mergers and acquisitions. ...

Final Project

The nurse workforce has been growing substantially for the past two decades necessitated by the demand for quality care, an ever increasing population, increased complexity of illnesses as well as a new found passion by the current generation to seek career growth in nursing and healthcare. However, the role of education and nursing curriculum in facilitating the increasing number of nurses trained in various ways and for different roles cannot be assumed. The nursing curriculum has been redefined to accommodate many roles which traverse across direct care roles and indirect care roles (Lowe et al., 2012). On the other ...