Essays on Ligation

Click Chemistry describes the biocompatible reactions that are high yielding, that are very simple to perform, have wide scope, that need no chromatography to remove their byproducts and that can be conducted in easily removable solvents. The synthesis of first triazole was reported by Arthur Michael in 1893. In the 20th century, Huisgen discovered the catalyst of copper, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition which required the temperature of 100 degree Celsius. This reaction of copper is a highly versatile reaction which does not require any specific reaction conditions and can easily be performed with various solvents, wide temperature range and pH, ...

A proposal in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Introduction Wheat (Triticum sp.), an extensively adapted crop, is one of the primitive and primary staple food crops in the world. Wheat is cultivated from temperate; dry to irrigated or rain-fed areas, to warm, humid or cold conditions. Such a high adaptability is attributed to its intricate genome (Acevedo et al., 2002). Wheat cultivation covers more land area compared to other commercial crops and endures to be an essential food grain for humans (Curtis, 2002). Estimations reveal that by 2050, the population of the world will reach 9.1 billion (34 percent greater than today); correspondingly, the food requirement and ...

Gene replacement refers to a technique which utilizes homologous recombination (Carter & Shieh, 2010, p. 265), to make alterations by either adding a gene, deleting a gene or including point mutations. Gene replacement attempts to cure most of the genetic diseases at molecular level. A successful gene replacement prevents a protein from causing harm, giving new functions to proteins, and recovering or enhancing the normal function of a protein. This technique is commonly used to prevent, treat or improve animals. This is a permanent process that is very beneficial to animals. The process of animal gene replacement involves several processes ...