Essays on Living Organisms

A chemist may be draw to the science because it contains physics and mathematics, with results clearly defined. On the other hand, biology can be messy, with fluids and disrupted bodies and patient suffering. For the nursing professional, there may be the temptation to define a physical process present in a patient as either biological or chemical. Technically, the definition for biology is simply the “scientific study of living organisms” (TheFreeDictionary.com), while chemistry is “a science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the transformations that they undergo” (Merriam-webster.com). However, the lines blur when ...

Literature on the effect of environmental stress caused by changes in the climate is more relevant today than it has been before, especially in the context of global warming (Beniston 2010). Schulte (2014) and Somero (2010) published articles on environmental stress and climate change respectively. Reading the two articles offers an understanding of how the two variables are interrelated and the effect that they have on living organisms. The manner in which the arguments are constructed presents with various positives and negatives. This critique will highlight the positives and negatives with the help of literature from other scholars. Schulte ( ...

THE SCIENCE OF FOOD

Cancer and nutrition – good nutrition is very important in the management of cancer and thus healthy eating habits are encouraged during this period. Tumors that develop in the stomach or intestines may, however, affect the way the body uses the food that is ingested and may not absorb all the food, although the patient may be seen to be eating enough food. The side effects that may affect eating when one has cancer include vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, mouth sores, loss of appetite among others. Nutrition therapy is advised for cancer patients to help maintain a good quality life ...

Final Test

Explain in general terms the process of DNA replication. The replication of the DNA starts when the double helix unwinds. Each of the two strands serves as the template using which the new DNA double helix strands are formed. The different bases on each of the two strands are then matched in order to form a new set of two strands. Each of the new strands partners with the parent strand to form a double helix (Roth 26).

Prophase – Chromatids are joined at the centromere. Spindle formation occurs. The separation of centrioles occurs in animal cells (Tobin and Jennie ...

The anthropocentric approach to the environmental ethics is one of the main approaches as it touches on a significant part of the relationship between human beings and nature. This approach is the idea that humans are the most valued in the universe and take the central role. In other words, human beings have the power and dominion over other living things in the universe, including plants and animals. The approach gets its roots mainly from the Bible and science. In the Bible, God is said to have given humans the power to look after the creation. Scientists view human ...

Homeostasis refers to any self-regulating process by which biological systems attempt to maintain stability despite changes in the external and internal environment (Sturmberg & Martin, 2013). Biological systems interact with each other to maintain a suitable condition of the internal environment for the survival of the living organism. The biological systems of the living organism are in a state of constant change. The regulation of the systems within a given range of various conditions helps to keep the living organisms alive and healthy. The systems also interact with the external environment in different ways. The conditions of the external environment ...

Materials Extraction

These batteries consist of heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, zinc, and nickel, which are environmental pollutants. Hence recycling them instead of incinerating them together with household waste saves our environment. These valuable metals are recovered during the process of recycling and consequently, save energy by minimizing the use of raw materials. Several materials are extracted from the used batteries and are used to manufacture new ones. Manganese dioxide, which is normally used to catalyze the reaction that produces oxygen from hydrogen peroxide, is contained in the zinc carbon cell. Dry batteries also contain metallic zinc, which is usually ...

Introduction

Charles Robert Darwin was a naturalist born on 12th February 1809 at a place called Shrewsbury in England. However, he died on 19th April 1882 in London. In his lifetime, one of his greatest achievements is about the evolutionary theory of living organisms (Bowler). He was able to achieve this success through the voyage he embarked in 1831. He traveled for five years all over the world with the HMS Beagle. Through his traveling, he was able to study different specimen and thus his evolution theory was developed. This fact caused him to write the book titled as On ...

Problem statement

Azerbaijan like many countries in the world is dependent on fossil fuels as a source of its energy. Being a fossil fuel rich country, fossil fuels are widely used to produce majority of the energy needed in the country. However, fossil fuels have a number of problems associated with them. They are a finite resource and human beings are using them at a much faster rate than the earth can replace them. Therefore, in the future humans will deplete all natural occurring fossil fuels (Michaelides, 2012). Furthermore, carbon compound makes up fossil fuels. This implies that burning up fossil ...

Introduction

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are vital reactions in living organisms since without the two; there would be no life on earth. Cellular respiration involves a set of metabolic reactions that take place in cells of living organisms thereby converting nutrients like sugar into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Osterhoudt & Barhydt, 2010). On the other hand, photosynthesis involves the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds by the photoautotroph in the presence of sunlight. Most animals attain their energy requirements through cellular respiration while on the other hand; photosynthesis is performed by most plants that can make their food. These two reactions ...

Chapter #16:

Question 1. Insect-eating birds will decrease in number since their source of food has been reduced. The birds may also migrate to warmer areas during this period.

Question 2.

The habitat is the specific place where the organism lives e.g. a fish’s habitat is water. On the other hand, niche is the position and the role played by the organism in an ecosystem. It includes how the organism obtain food and shelter, the mode of survival, and the mode of reproduction (Sutton & Anderson, 2009, p. 46). For instance, a lion’s niche in the ecosystem is that of a predator.Question ...

Why Choose Biology

Many people study medicine when it comes to science in educational institutes. I chose to study biology. According to one source biology is "The science of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution.” (The Free Dictionary). Biology allows us to test our thoughts on life and living subjects, find new or linked species and conduct reverse–engineering. Before becoming a doctor or nurse it is one of the subjects many will take. Before accepting a degree in engineering or the field of a scientist it is also one of the areas most studied ...

Introduction

Air pollution is defined as the introduction of biological molecules, particulates, and other harmful substances into the air in sufficient quantities such that they cause damage to the health of living organisms including human beings, plants, and animals and may sometimes cause death. These pollutants may also cause harm to property resulting in corrosion of buildings and causing them to crumble or destroy the environment by introducing foul odors and reducing visibility. Two different types of air pollution exist: natural or artificial, depending on the causative factors. Air pollutants are also classified into primary and secondary sources. Primary sources ...

Infrared Rays and Ultraviolet Rays

Infrared Rays Infrared (IR) rays are electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths 700nm – 1mm. Almost half of the sun’s energy is made up of infrared waves. They have frequencies of 4-7.5 *10^14 Hz, which is lower than that of visible red light. Hence, IR rays are not visible to the human eye. However, there are several animals which can see IR rays like the snake which uses infrared rays to hunt its prey. IR rays travel with the speed of light which is 300,000,000 meters/sec. IR waves are found in almost every object in the universe which ...

“That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." Grandfather said this phrase with a confident voice. It is always the case when we are up late night; sitting on the roof, my grandfather pretends to be Neil Armstrong. He starts to tell us all about that day in July 1969, at 10:56 p.m. EDT, more than half a billion people were watching television waiting for Armstronghim to put his foot on the moon. He is so excited in playing Neil Armstrong’s part, and he keeps saying that this step helped us to evolve ...

Biomedical engineering is a discipline that encompasses engineering field and medical field in order to solve pertinent problems. It bridges the gap between medicine and engineering. The products of this endeavour include the design and development of therapeutic and diagnostic devices, prostheses, imaging equipment such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) etc. The field of biomedical engineering thus has three main specialization areas which are (i) biomechanics, (ii) tissue and cellular engineering and (iii) imaging. These specialization areas are explained further in the following sections of this paper. i. Biomechanics Biomechanics is the study of mechanics in the human body ( ...

Introduction

Mining activities can pose serious environmental and health implications. Although, these environmental and health hazards can be mitigated and effectively managed through sound engineering and environmental practices, these environmental and health issues associated with mining operations could not be totally eradicated. In general, there are three major players in the mining industry: the company, which include the employees and the stockholders; the regulatory bodies, which include the government and other national and international environmental organizations; and the community, which are not directly related to the mining industry, but is impacted by its operations. Each one of these stakeholders has ...

[Client Name] Water is a colourless and odourless liquid, and is very important for human development and survival. It covers 75% of the earth's surface and is mostly found in lakes, rivers and seas. In addition, the human body comprises 78% of water. Water is an interesting molecule and consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. It is covalently bonded and possesses a very interesting characteristic, i.e. polarity. Polarity ensures that water is an effective medium for the dissolution of other polar compounds. In so doing, water is an enabler for many biological reactions (“The Chemistry of ...

Background

Early scientists and nutritionists believed that the most vital nutrient in living organisms, for building and maintaining the body was the protein. The role of proteins as enzymes came into existence several years later. This was around 1926 when experiments showed that enzymes were proteins. Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced. Hemoglobin was the first structure of proteins to be resolved. Myoglobin was then resolved later.

X-ray diffraction analysis (X-ray crystallography) led to the determination of the structure of the proteins (three-dimensional structure). The purification of proteins can be made possible from cellular compounds. Several methods have ...

Introduction

Biotechnology is a field of biology that involves the use of living organisms and biological processes in engineering, medicine and other fields which require bioproducts. Biotechnology utilizes these products for manufacturing. This concept encompasses a wide range of processes which modifies living organisms. According to the UN convection on biological diversity, biotechnology is any technological application which uses biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products for specific use.

DNA profiling on the other hand is a technique that is majorly used by forensic scientists and other criminal investigations agencies to identify criminals based on the information found in their ...

Introduction

Biology is broad and therefore embraces various topics in life that concern living organisms. Micro biology for instance deals with the study of very small organisms that are able to reproduce and sustain their generations. This is where the study of prokaryotes comes into the scene. The contrasting organisms to prokaryotes are referred to as eukaryotes. Contrary to prokaryotes, eukaryotic organisms have complex cell structures. Biology tends to full describe the complete nature of these organisms, their feeding habits, how they reproduce and where they thrive best, that is, their habitats.

Prokaryotes are single celled organisms whose cells lack ...

Introduction

Life Cycle assessment (LCA) can be described as one of the most vital and essential methods of analyzing and assessing the general environmental effects and impacts of merchandise, services, produce, products, good or processes. It is actually in other words referred to as Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and it really evaluates and reviews the environmental effects of a product from the time of production, process or procedure from plan and design to the time of disposal. In addition, LCA reviews the whole life cycle of a product or process and it involves the collection and assemblage of data, the evaluation and ...

Cloning As an Application of Biotechnology

According to Levine (2009), Cloning can be defined as the reproduction without sex. The basic definition of sex in this context is the joining of genetic material from two parents to form an embryo. Cloning, however, does not use the technique of directly joining the female and male gamete, but it uses the fact that DNA can be duplicated by inserting DNA into a host cell (Levine, 2009).

During cloning, a fragment of DNA extracted from a cell and containing the gene to be cloned into a vector (Brown, 2010). The vector in this case acts as a vehicle that is going to be ...