Essays on Modernist

The Exorcist is a 1973 horror film, directed by William Friedkin. A potent adaptation of William Peter Blatty’s novel, The Exorcist tells the story of a young girl who is possessed by a demon. The film caused a great deal of controversy when it was released as many people felt that the violence, blasphemy and young protagonist were inappropriate and damaging for audiences and for society. Admittedly, the film does not have the same shock value today as it did in 1973, partly because the cinematography and special affects now look dated and unrealistic, and partly because many ...

Willy and Shelly as Tragic Heroes

The plays “The Death of a Salesman” and “Glengarry Glen Ross” focus on the dramatic events in the lives of aging salesmen, whose careers are rapidly ended when they start underperforming in their jobs, and even though they try their best to succeed, they are eventually destroyed by their unrealistic ambitions. The figures of Shelly Levene and Willy Loman have been characterized as tragic throughout the years, even though many critics continue to disagree with this denomination. Even though they may not entirely comprise the classical attributes of tragic heroes, they essentially represent the same kinds of heroes that ...

Introduction

Postmodernism came to be in the 1950’s and began as an offshoot of the previously accepted modernist ideology (Stern 72). The main argument made in this paper is that the post-modernist approach to architecture was a representation of the effort by architecture to establish a voice of its own. This argument portrays architecture as a dynamic field, with the advancement of knowledge and technology shaping the outlook of the architects of a particular period. Postmodernism can, therefore, be perceived as an attempt by the architects to challenge the status quo in regards to architectural practice while meeting the ...

Introduction

Architecture as a discipline has evolved over time, with architects from different periods adopting unique approaches to architecture. In the 1950’s, the architectural world saw the introduction of the theory of the postmodern architecture . This came hot on the heels of the famous modernist approach to architecture, which had the support of various classical scholars and architects. The primary argument in this paper is the fact that the post-modernist approach to architecture was a representation of the effort by architecture to establish a voice of its own. This is built on the realization that architecture is a dynamic ...

Richard Buchanan - Design Discourse

Design Within Reach is a modernist studio based in Pasadena in a building that is very reminiscent of a Bauhaus styled building. However, the focus of the business is on the replication of Modernist furniture. The work that is being sold here are manufactured replicas of the many designers of the Modernist period. Some of them include Eero Saarinen, Le Corbusier, and a number of other prominent Modernist designers. This allows the designs to be as authentic as possible. In light of this background, it would be interesting to analyze, and critique one of these designs ...

Introduction

Modernism was born out of the instability caused by World War I. People began to question the foundations of authority, as well as their social and cultural traditions. This unease is brought not only by the war, but also the increasing developments in politics, economics and science (Wrenn, 2010), liberating many traditions and perspectives. It is marred by “the struggle for knowledgesenselessness and alienation” (Wrenn, 2010). Literature was not immune to these changes, thus the modernist literary movement emerged. Here we analyze Chopin’s The Story of the Hour and Hemingway’s The Cat in the Rain to look ...

Identifying the Object

The Mondrian dress is a red, blue, white, and yellow dress that shows the integration of art and fashion. One of the renowned French designers, Yves Saint Laurent, designed the dress in the winter of 1965-66 and made it his signature piece. This illustrates that the integration of art and fashion is an old concept, and it remains significant today. The Mondrian dress takes the form of the 1960s modified form of a sack dress, and Laurent utilized the color blocks. Inspired by the contemporary artists of the Mondrian art movement, Laurent incorporated the flat planes derived from 1960s’ ...

English literature

The 19th and early 20th century had to face a reality characterized by social, political and economic issues. Furthermore the World War One dramatically changed the already complex and troubled frame which gave birth to the Modernism. Indeed during the 19th century the traditional Victorian society turned itself into a modern and industrialized society, where cities were growing fast and the old ethical and religious values were rejected. This massive change also involved all the traditional forms of art, literature, architecture, philosophy, science and even all the aspects of the everyday lives. Salient of the Modernism Era is the ...

Identifying the Object

The Mondrian dress is a red, blue, white, and yellow dress that shows the integration of art and fashion. One of the renowned French designer, Yves Saint Laurent, designed the dress in the winter of 1965-66 and made it his signature piece. This illustrates that the integration of the art and fashion is an old concept, and it remains significant up to date. The Mondrian dress takes the form of the 1960s modified form of a sack dress, and Laurent utilized the color blocks. Inspired by the contemporary artists of the Mondrian art movement, Laurent incorporated the flat planes ...

Ideology in Allen Ginsberg’s “America” and “Sunflower Sutra”

Ideology is a very important topic as it relates to literature. Literature is one of the primary methods in which people that perhaps are not within the mainstream of culture, politics and society employ to question hegemonic power structures. Dominant power structures are often posed primarily as the synthesis of modernity, objective reality, logocentrism, patriarchy, white supremacy and capitalism, which are often cited in shorthand as “imperialism.” The United States, after the Second World War the period in which Allen Ginsberg and the other beat generation writers were most active was arguably the point in world history in which ...

Term Paper

1500 words The Modern period continued to change the society until the late 20th century, where a new artistic era began and continued up to this day; the 21st century eventually became the Post-Modern Period and many radical changes brought by the Modernism is adopted by the new art styles to the point of it is hard to discern what Post-Modernism is all about. If Modernism concentrated on the preservation of ideal pure art, Post Modernism welcomed changes by using eccentric methods to produce contemporary art found in Modern Museums. The 21st century is currently covered by postmodern epoch ...

In this document, a critical review of the film ‘Tetsuo: The Ironman” (1989) directed by Shiny Tsukamoto is done. The main objective of this paper is to determine the formal content, historical and political significance of the film. There is a prior focus on the issues of propaganda in cinema and stakes of political modernist art. Tetsuo is a Japanese film that is pictured on the mainstream of Japanese cinema that become dead at the end of 1980s. Japanese cinema has undergone numerous of phases. However, this document emphasizes on the creative crisis that was faced by Japanese cinema ...

Bourdieu’s Concepts of Capital and Habitus and Contemporary Class Differences

Introduction Since 1986 when Bourdieu published his book with the concepts of cultural capital and habitus, many social changes have happened, primarily driven by changes in technology and new ways of interactions. For instance, compared to thirty years ago, it is now easier to break the glass ceiling of social stratification because there is a bigger social spread. Many rich people interact with people from humble backgrounds on the internet, and, since the class is not the first thing that comes up when these relations start, people from higher classes discover that they are interacting with people from the ...

Introduction

“Modernist Painting” by Clement Greenberg is his first essay on modernism, and it is notable for showing his mid-life perception and importance of the avant-garde. Although he does not mention the term “avant-garde,” instead, he uses the words “authentic art,” He identifies Modernism with the intensification and according to him the essence of Modernism lies in the characteristic methods. He considers Immanuel Kant to be the first Modernist. He describes how Modernist trend applies to the painting disciplines, how the transparency of medium and technique is used on the flat plane of the canvas. He compares the Modernist painting ...

Artists in various fields and media have often drawn inspiration from their fellow artists who work in different formats. For example, writers have often been influenced by music; and movies have often been based on novels or plays. In the 20th century, however, there was a very close alliance between writers and visual artists, both in American and in Europe. Modernist painters often developed friendships with modernist writers and poets, and modernist poets often used modern paintings as an inspiration for their poems. This trend continued in the second half of the twentieth century, as the post-modern or Beat ...

In 1886, the German Modernist architect, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe also known by his name as ‘Mies van der Rohe’ pioneered the functional designs in building construction based on utilitarian purposes such as creating new spaces for modern lifestyles. One of his notable projects such as 860-880 Lake Shore Apartments (1949) and the Riehl House (1907) both had endured the advent of modernism and still functional and widely regarded as the relics of the past even in the post-modernism. The drastic changes brought by the Bauhaus Movement of the 20th century, the building style shifted from opulent homes ...

Trans-World Flight Center, John F. Kennedy Airport (1956-1962)

Opened in 1962, the Trans World Flight Center of the John F. Kennedy Airport is one of the finest structures belonging to the Organic Modern Period that emerged in the mid-20th century.1 What makes this style truly remarkable was the fact that it is based on neo-futuristic designs as well as embodying strict adherence to geometrical proportions, the creation of functional space for the passengers, aircraft, employees, and maintaining harmonious interaction of the structure in its environment.2 The structure was designed by Eero Saarinen, a notable architect and one of the prolific figures that proposed designing the concept of ...

The shift towards the Modernist Period from the decadence of the Baroque happened as a result of the outrage and disapproval towards lavishness in creating works of art, a trend once dominant and fashionable amongst the wealthy circles. What emerged as a result of this isolation was a new artistic movement that focused more on inspiring awe and sublime rather than theatrical presentation of the iconography. The term Modernist period has been debated throughout the centuries by the scholars since this period holds accountable of the changes in government and the people’s way of thinking. In this genre ...

Abstract

It can be exciting to create a subway car print campaign for a brand such as Nike. There are so many elements that go behind the design of the artwork and loads of creativity. The essay looks at the designing of a subway car print campaign for Nike as Herbert Matter, the designers. The design would focus on the elements used by the designer in his work and the way he used images fonts and graphics in his compositions. The print campaign will take inspiration from his works and will be based on his thought process. It should be ...

Modernism created Post-Modernism and the emergence of these two influential art movements created a lasting impact on the artists’ perception of iconography. The history concerning modernism dates back in the Renaissance period since the majority of the artists at that time explored various kinds of iconography such as painting mythological creatures, portraiture, and humanism which contrasts the iconography of the Medieval period. But the lasting effects of the modern period were felt in the early 19th century up to the early phase of the 20th century. The concept of Modernism meant an improvisation of the existing artistic trend by ...

The book “Democratic Insecurities: Violence Trauma And Intervention In Haiti” by Erica James examines the connection between the problems that Haiti has with democracy and security and the level of humanitarian and military involvement that has occurred within the country. The author examines the effect that the recent history of political strife has resulted in changes in the way that the citizens identified with themselves and with their government. These changes, the author contends are rooted in the violence and repression that these individuals have been subjected to. As these groups continue to intervene in the lives of the ...

The definition of the Western Canon is always changing, according to literary critic and Yale professor Harold Bloom: but is that mutability a good thing? Bloom, a rather conservative literary critic, believes that there should be literary standards that outlive the fashionable theories of the day. In our times, these literary theories include ideas borrow from Marx, Foucault, New Historicism, and ethnocentric and gender perspectives, among other lenses through which to view the production of literature. Amidst these ever-changing standards and definitions of a “classic,” Bloom believes the study of literature and good reading habits—to read well and ...

The architecture of the early 20th century relied heavily on the introduction of new materials which led to the existence of new styles that rejected the notion of social hierarchy and religious affiliation. During this period, the buildings created within the early phase of modernization became so diverse and eccentric yet it was due to this nature that allowed architects to apply all the scientific knowledge in creating functional structures rather than buildings based on the designer's viewpoint. What separates the style of the 20th century from its predecessors was their openness in terms of exploring new materials especially ...

Modernism in literature is said to have its roots in the late 19th century after World War I that took place from 1914 to 1919. Modernism in literary work is a shift from values, religion and tradition to isolation, identity crisis, fragmentation and relative truth. Modernism was catalyzed by World War I, as it led to mistrust in the ability of existing institutions to solve societal problems and maintain order in society. It also changed people’s perception of the world and society. World War I therefore influenced how writers wrote not just in terms of content of their ...

Introduction

While the political avant-garde of modernist movement had a celebration of dissidence and proceeded to advocate a revolution of art and contemporary life, postmodern art delightfully exist in a world that shows the pluralism of atheistic manner and way of play. Art hardly ever functions on a critical level: the political prospect becomes separate from contemporary art functions. Postmodern art turns to represent not only the consumer society that we live but also a privileged commodity. In the 1960s, "committed" art had turned to be the pillar if artistic postmodernism. Gender issues, class, and race become central particularly following ...

Bauhaus and Vkhutemas: The Two Schools of Radical Design

The Modern period began in in the late 1900s with the spur of rapid industrialization that continued to swept West from its traditional labor force to a giant super power economy fueled by capitalist merchants who popularized the use of machines in order to produce more goods for the public. The term modernization has been coined throughout history to mark the beginning of the society's grand transition into highly globalized economy providing equal opportunities for the people. In this age, the Modern artists tried to create new architectural styles that abandoned the traditional notion of hierarchy especially the favor ...

The following analysis of Persona and Solaris reveals how movies from unlike countries and of different genres portray the development of opposite human personalities while losing or gaining humanity under the external influences and internal self-recognition. The attempts to create a fine movie about internal and external of human life do not often impress much, especially nowadays when we experience an endless flow of visual images. Probably, it inspires people to look back at the classic works that not only represent the unusual transformations in the forms of self but also produce extraordinary rhythms in the scenes (Tarkovsky 113). ...

Introduction

Salvador Dali is one of the most renowned and prolific artists in the twentieth century. He is perhaps recognized for his reputable artistic works such as the painting of melting clocks in the Persistence of Memory. He started his passion for art during his childhood when he attended his first drawing lesson and claimed that he exhibited hysterical, rage-filled explosions concerning his playmates and family. Throughout his life, Dali has shown his love for Catalan culture, and he has portrayed the landscape environment of Figures, where he was born, in his paintings during his career (The Art Story, Sec. ...

Carlo Scarpa was a prominent Italian architect previously active during the early twentieth century and one of the pioneers of modernism in architectural design. He was born in 1906 in the beautiful city of Venice, a place well-known for its old Renaissance architectures, majestic canals, and gondolas. By the time he was only two years of age, his entire family migrated to Vicenza, a county part situated on the northeastern part of the Italian peninsula. It was here that he spent much of his early childhood to teenage years; he also attended a local high school specializing in technical ...

Architecture is viewed as the art of science that involves coming up with design in the form of a drawing, managing, and constructing structures such as building complexes, swimming pools, parks, and other various structures in a particular proportion and shape. It is in this regard that since time immemorial architecture has grown from simple ideas to the amazing and intriguing structures that exist in our lives today. One of the magnificent works of architecture has been the Burj Khalifa building in Dubai, UAE; that is the highest sky scraper to date. The enormous growth of the architectural world ...

The word “modern” at first appeared long time ago – in 1585 and its meaning in Late Latin was “just now”. In English language the term modern had almost a similar meaning – “existing now”. There are two terms that relate to modern: modernism and modernity. Though they seem to be the same while derived from one term, it is though necessary to point out a definition of each of them and tell about their differences. Modernity, also known as modernization, can be defined as a process of social and economic development, involving the rising of industry, urbanization, technology and bureaucratic ...

The poem Chicago written by Carl Sandburg embraces modernism because it looks simple but stands out. His modernist way of writing the poem in 1914 captures the events of the time when the city of Chicago was still in its developmental stages. Also, the poem’s main theme and way of writing have been influenced by Ezra Pound as seen through the way the poem is more direct thus avoiding unnecessary words that water down a poem and make it look like a narrative. The use of free verse is evident in the poem, and that allowed Sandburg to ...

Modernist movement was the catalyst that opened new ways of interpreting art as a tool for political and social discourse reflecting the rise of ideas and improvisation of imagery/performance through the use of contemporary materials available at that time. The term ‘modernist’ ubiquitously dominated the art critiques from the past decades in an attempt to explain the society’s rejection of the traditional iconography of the previous movements. With the advent of rapid industrialization spurred the growth of ideas that defined the social and political landscape of the 20th century. This changes brought by the modernist ideals revolutionized the ...

Modernity in Virginia Woolf’s Writings

One of the most important of Virginia Woolf’s writings, which is theorized on the concept of modernity is Mrs. Dalloway. Written in 1953, this particular work of Woolf if part of the contemporary literature. The overall theme, setting, and narration in this particular work were all constructed upon principles of modernism. The primary aim of Woolf was to diverge from the conventional thought processes that existed in the society prior to the First World War as the aftermath of the war brought in a dramatic degree of change in the way the world is perceived by people. The ...

What is Modernism? How and why this style gained popularity amongst the nations around the world? What does Modernism emphasized that other art movements lacked? One of the pioneers of the Modernist movement was the French architect Le Corbusier when he designed buildings that mimic the simplistic classical Greco-Roman architecture whose colors were limited to monochrome pigments (Goldhagen 145). In his book, Towards New Architecture, he argued that structures such as buildings and houses were meant to shelter as well as to protect the people living inside. Using this fundamental principle, Le Corbusier attacked the lavish and non-functional designs ...

Modernism in architecture is the most important new style and design of architecture that is associated with a logical approach to the function of buildings, a strictly balanced use of new materials, openness to architectural modernism, and the elimination of ornaments. The development of modernism in architecture could be traced back to the middle of the nineteenth century through the advent of the Bauhaus. The nineteenth century was a long period in the history of architecture because of which it is called the long 19th century. In this era, art and architecture were used in the old style that ...

In the 19th century, there was a revolution in architecture, which was highly influenced by the exotic foreign styles as well as earlier architectural movements. The two factors were adapted to the new technologies of the early modernist architecture age. The prominent figures of the architectural movements came up with the idea of modernism to mitigate social problems that urban population who were living in poverty and slum clearance had. However, some of the modernist planning did not cater and reflect the social dynamics of the large community. As a result, in the seventies, many modernist buildings were pulled ...

Georgia O’Keeffe remains one of the most fascinating artists of the twentieth century because of her bold art. She grew up in Wisconsin and studied art at the Art Institute of Chicago and learned the techniques of traditional realist painting under Luis Mora. William Merritt Chase and Kenyon Cox (About Georgia O’Keeffe 2016). Her distinct flowers, theatrical cityscapes, glowing landscapes, and images of bones against the blunt desert sky are original contributions to American Modernism. O'Keeffe played an essential role in the development of American modernism and helped flourish its relationship to avante garde movements (Georgia O’ ...

Albidda Tower

Albidda Tower is a 215 tall, 43 storey modern building in Doha. This building is perhaps the most modernist work of architecture in the conservative Arab country. It combines various aspects of contemporary architectural design including the twisted face, which makes it unique among all modern buildings in the Gulf. Another modernist aspect of this building is the triangular shaped floor plan, which has been conceptualized in such a way that the floor area at the top is larger than the base, making it elegant. However, intricate design elements have been incorporated to ensure stability of the entire building ...

Designed by Joseph Paxman in 1851 to accommodate the Great Exhibition that features the technological and cultural advancement from different parts of the world for the enjoyment of the English people (Phillips 14). The architecture of The Crystal Palace was dubbed as the “modern English” since the structure was an unusually simple and the lack of ornamentation, the unity, and functionality of the designs reinforce and stabilized the entire glass roofs and walls covering it and allowing the rays of the sunlight to penetrate within the building (Phillips 24-25). The whole building was also a rejection of traditional materials ...

Organization Theories – Modernist and Post-Modernist Approaches

Abstract Organizational structure determines allocation of resources, strategies and planning. The paper focuses on two theories – modernist and postmodernist theories (Aleazurra, 2016; Clegg et al 1999; Casey, 2002). The article ‘A critical analysis of media discourse on information technology: preliminary results of a proposed method for critical discourse analysis’ by Cukier et al (2009) talks of critical discourse analysis where the post modernist idea of questioning the validity of claims has been explained by analyzing a media discourse on a ICT project applied in university classrooms. The second article selected for the study is ‘The relationship between information and ...

Charles Rennie Mackintosh was a Scottish designer, architect and an artist born on 7th June 1868 as the fourth born in a family of 11 youngsters and second child of William McIntosh and his wife, Margaret Rennie. Mackintosh spent his childhood at the Townhead and Dennistoun regions of Glasgow, and he went to Reid's Public School and the Allan Glen's Institution. In 1890, Mackintosh was the second champ of the Alexander Thomson Traveling Studentship awards, set up for the assistance of the study of great old architecture, with unique locus to the standards represented in Mr. Thomson's workings. He ...

The Effects of Post-Modernism on the ‘Raced Bodies’

Post-Modernism is the counterpart of the modernist ideals both in the philosophy and aesthetic preferences. Modernism existed before the beginning of the Second World War and this period primarily focused on the preservation of one’s culture through rejection of outside influences that might alter the cultural values. For instance, Sandler argued that there is a greater contrast between post-modernism and modernism in a sense that can be viewed from a philosophical point-of-view and aesthetic tastes. “Post-modernism has rejected modernism’s purity and has instead welcomed impurity” (Sandler 1980, p. 346). Another scholar named Irvine (2004/2014) also supported this ...

Introduction

Current Problem: Contemporary art is the work of post-modernist artists, which mirror the contemporary society and culture. Area of Focus: This paper focuses on the contemporary art movements that have emerged since its emergence in the late 1960s. Thesis Statement: Contemporary art aims at exploring different materials with the aim of expressing specific ideas about postmodern life (Waters, 2010). Investigating the different schools and styles of contemporary art that have existed since the late 1960s to the present day will result in a better understanding of how different periods and events influence artists.

Background

Transition from modern to contemporary art: ...

Although Dickens was the most frequently published author of the 19th century Poland, his popularity waned during the modernist and inter-war period as he was considered a classic author and scholars decided that his writings were not conducive to modernist aesthetics. With the change in the political system (onset of communism) and social order, scholars were left perplexed as to where to place him in the post war reality. Although Dickens could have been banned, that would have proved to be counterproductive. With Socialism taking root in Poland after the War, the leaders strived to create a mass culture ...

Kazimir Malevich's Suprematism Works

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich spent his childhood in villages of Ukraine1 and knew nothing about professional art, although he was exposed to peasant art as a child. Later he moved to Moscow and got his education in art in Moscow. His work was influenced by avant-garde painters of the time and he responded that art did not need the artists and can advance on its own.Thesis -The aim of the essay is to provide a broad overview of Malevich’s artistic practices and the Suprematism of his work. The paper discusses the reasoning and meaning behind his work and why ...

Le Corbusier was an architect famously revered for his modern building designs. Despite the fact that he lived in an era wherein horse-drawn carriages, gaslights, and restrictive society norms, he already envisioned a future in which architecture and art can break separately from its traditionalist origins. Le Corbusier was the second son of Georges-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris a Swiss watch engraver with his wife, Marie-Charlotte-Amelie Perret whose father was also a craftsman. They married in 1883 and after three years, Marie gave birth to their eldest son named Albert in February 6 1886 (Flint xvii; Weber 22). Le Corbusier was born ...

English 2332

An examination of literary criticisms of the Odyssey by Homer, who many consider the greatest author of the Greek empire, demonstrates that the fundamental nature of humanity has not changed in three thousand years. This epic poem must have been dissected and analyzed hundreds of times, if not thousands of times, since it was written. It is a timeless work because it reflects, among other things, how human nature has changed very little over time. The events and characters in this epic do portray, in many ways, the continued infatuation with war and killing, especially in the twentieth century. ...

The digital culture of ephemeral and sensuous images has been always opposed to the culture of pragmatic. But recently these two cultures that seemed to be incompatible collaborated and produced the 'digital tectonics'. Up-to-date computer programs make easy the design process and the latest digital tools let architects generate new architectural forms. A lot of architects use the new possibilities in the following fields: material composition, structural engineering, and construction technique. This architectural style is studied by many architects and Greg Lynn and Patrik Schumacher are among them. Lynn believes that architects have been over occupied with producing conflicting, ...

In the mid-1990s, some theorists examined the phenomenon of field and its technique. This concept expresses fullness and constant presence of natural forces and events in architecture; it appears in contrast to the old displaced concept of space. The concept of field describes an expanded space and its effects. It does not contain definite values and does not focus on a material structure; it reflects the main functions, vectors, and velocity. Theorists believe that the emergence of the field concept, its state, and field conditions is a sure sign that there exists a renewed interest in ultimately understood context ...

Response to Second article

“Grids” is an article that Rosalind Krauss wrote in 1979 and it explores the perspective that the grid has resisted development over the years. The author suggests that the grid is the fundamental structure or modernist art (Krauss, 1979). He also explores the idea that the grid is a representation of the modernity of contemporary art, both temporally and spatially. Krauss traces the history of the grid from the under painting to abstract, thereby exploring the grid that entails the universal and ignores the physical (Krauss, 1979). Krauss maintains that the grid illustrates the “modernity” of contemporary art in ...

Italy is a historical visual art hub. This history has been largely approached from a classic, "Renaissance" perspective. In contrast, modern art history has witnessed dramatic changes in paradigm and focus. Given evolving modern movements, particularly modernist approaches as in First Futurist Manifesto of 1909, Italian visual art has witnessed rising of new artists inspired by past not for emulation but for emphasizing new, modernist art statements. The "Italy in International Modernism: Modernism – 1909 to the Present" is case in point. Being a course offering focused on modernist schools and approaches to Italian visual art history, The "Italy in ...

Introduction

When it comes to story-telling, many people emphasize the story part, instead of the telling one. Nevertheless, the manner in which a story is told can be very influential in its reception. In fact, many people would say that the story itself changes depending on the discourse that presents it. This came to the limelight in the end of the nineteenth century with the Modernist current. Authors such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf deliberately modified the way that stories were told. They utilized many techniques that allowed them greater range of expression, many of which were not even ...

The notion of self-critical individuality is distinct from the dominant social structure. The article “alternative modernities and medieval Indian literature” refers to a patriarchal social structure and a caste-based value system. It also provides a feminist critique of and defends the values of work done by women. This literary-critical analysis addresses alternative modernities in an Indian context. Modernity, in this regard, is infinitely expandable. This presentation focuses distinctly “modern” values in women and gender studies.

In the overview of “new” modernist studies, Gaonkar (26) characterize modernities field in three major axes i.e. vertical, horizontal and temporal, by which they expound the ...

Modernism became a genre of photography in the early 1900s, when photographers desired to distinguish themselves from their pictorial counterparts in both medium and intended audience effect. This paper will examine a photograph of a well-known modernist photographer, Alfred Stieglitz, and discuss the elements of the composition that make it part of the modernism era.

Photographers adhering to the modernist ideals of the early twentieth century believed that photography should distinguish itself from the medium of painting because paintings were not as true to real life as photographs could be. Therefore, modernist photographers did not produce works of art that resembled ...

Introduction and Thesis

First published in 1922, Virginia Woolf’s Jacob’s Room was her first novel to use modernist and impressionistic techniques. This paper will show that Woolf’s methodology (the way she wrote the novel) is intimately connected with the thematic preoccupations of the author: the method mirrors the message. Jacob’s Room is commonly seen as an indictment of the sterility and emptiness of modern civilization at the start of the twentieth century and it is true that at its heart is an existential angst that is presented vividly by Woolf. However, this paper will argue that Woolf uses ...

Scholars of Australian art agree that Australian art has undergone several transformations. Australian art in the pre-colonial era were characterized by the practices of the natives, later on the coming of the colonialist led to introduction of art associated with their culture.

‘Australian contemporary art scene is divided into Australian and Aboriginal

art respectively. This is a divide originating from the colonization of Australia that began in the 1770’s, and hence, resulting in an Australian art descending from a so-called Western art practice consisting of works of art created in compliance with Western traditions (Persson 2011, 13).

Towards the end 1910, Australian art experienced massive changes ...

Literature

Q- How we see post-modernistic approach in John Barth`s short story & in what way? John Barth's short story "The Night Sea Journey" is an example of a post modernistic approach. Postmodernism actually means, treating a thing or a character in such a way that is completely different from what it actually is. For example in this short story we first see a person talking, later we realise that it is a sperm who was the narrator in the entire story. Right from the beginning the spermatozoa addresses himself as a person who is in doubt, wonder & despair. The sperm narrating the story as human ...

Criticism involves the utilization of standards in order to make a judgment for the purpose of bringing positive change. Critical theory argues that we should be inquisitive about the production of enlightenment its dissemination and its connection to influence and how this impacts on the individuals; how it limits and contributes to the enhancement of our freedoms (Art 2011). Are we bound to a dominating freedom system or does it offer us a liberating system of government? The theory originates from the Frankfurt school in Germany.

Critical theorists begin with the thought that men and women are essentially enclosed in a world that ...

A modernist society is defined to be a transition from traditional system of society to present world of twenty first century society. Modernist society is characterized by people living in a developed manner, with more civilized advancements. Avatar is a film by James Cameroon that has been modified to depict the characters of two different worlds, the real human being in the planet and aliens in this case Na’vis. Humans in the planet discovered another plant called Pandora where the aliens reside. RDA corporation decided to relocate the aliens because they wanted to mine unobtanium, but the aliens could not accept ...