Essays on Montreal Protocol

World Affairs: The United Nations

Introduction The United Nations (UN) was established as an international organization on 24 October 1945 having several functions. The UN operations and membership are both extended worldwide. UN headquarters is in New York City and has other regional offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish are the official languages of the member countries. The UN's predecessor was the League of Nations that kept peace and cooperation between the nations of the world. The organization gets its finance from member states voluntary contributions, and it has six fundamental bodies. The General Assembly as the ...

The ozone is a layer of gasses in the stratosphere that protects life on Earth against ultraviolet rays from the sun (Aggarwal et al., 1). Anthropogenic activities leading to the emission of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons can result in the destruction of the ozone layer. Organohalogens also contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer (Lee, 858). The depletion leads to secondary ozone layer close to the ground called terrestrial ozone layer that is responsible for the degrading effects on humans, plants, and their environment. In the article published on August 27, 2009, on the New York Times, Dean ( ...

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Ozone depletion is a natural phenomenon of the earth’s stratosphere due to the presence of free radicals that are from natural causes such as volcanic activity. However, as man evolved, he discovered his environment and built industries during the industrial revolution. These industries emitted tones of pollutants into the atmosphere, including compounds Ozone Depleting Substances. The continuous use of CFCs also contributes to the effect significantly. The worst case of ozone depletion ever recorded happened in 2006, during winter and early spring in Antarctica. That sounded a loud alarm to environmental scientists, political leaders and civil organizations come ...

Sarma, K M, and Lani Sinclair. Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History. Earthscan, 2002. Internet resource.

In this book, Sarma, a former secretary and acting consultant of UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) together with Anderson and an Environmental Protection Agency of the US published about the history of environmental issues as per researches done by UNEP. They talk about how the ozone layer agreement was successful and inspired the entire world community to handle the ozone layer problem and several other environmental degrading issues. The history covers the media coverage, diplomacy, science, business policies and technology stories ...

Introduction

Ozone layer is naturally evolved a layer made up of atomic oxygen with molecular oxygen and covers a big area in stratosphere. The distinct function of the ozone layer is to absorb ultraviolet wavelengths coming from the solar waves. The collision of ozone occurs because of several other atmospheric molecules and UV radiations (Tabin, 2008).

O3+ UV >>> O2 + O O3 + O >>> 2O2

The maintenance of the ozone layer is very necessary as through absorbing the solar radiation Ozone establishes ...

- The exposure of CFCs to strong ultra violet radiation breaks them down. Whenever this occurs, the chlorofluorocarbon molecule produces atomic chlorine. Just one chlorine atom destroys over a hundred thousand ozone molecules. The overall effect is to wipe out ozone at a faster rate than naturally created (Abdul-Wahab 9).

- Penguins and marine ecosystems are sustained by the energy flow from primary producers in the food chain via intermediate consumers, consumers as well as pathogens, and then back through decomposition pathways (Prischmann 23). Therefore, marine lives are biological networks where the success of penguins is connected directly or indirectly via various ...

Abstract

Ozone layer depletion is a phenomenon in which ozone layer in the stratosphere thins out making it possible for the direct penetration of UV rays into the Earth's surface. This can lead to an array of harmful effects on human health, plants, and animals and can even trigger climate change. Chlorofluorocarbons are recognized as the primary cause accounting for 80% of ozone depletion. Though a lot of steps have been taken around the world to reduce ozone depletion, it may take about few decades more to completely heal the ozone layer due to the long standing stability of CFCs in the ...

European and American Approach to International Climate Change

The issue pertaining to climate change has been a long-standing problem to the international community since the onset of scientific studies showcasing that anthropogenic climate change is gradually destroying the ozone layer, causing havoc in the weather patterns and fostering what is now known as climate change. With the studies revealing horrendous predictions pertaining to climate change should it continue in the next few years, the international community immediately sprang into action and formulated plans to ensure that climate change’s impact is reduced around the globe. While the international community had indeed begun to create methods to reduce the ...