Essays on Moral Relativism

For a long time, there have existed two opposing views in the study of moral and ethical norms of society. The first position can be defined as moral universalism. Proponents of this position believe that the entire international community, and each person separately, can be subjected to a uniform system of values ​​and laws. The second position is represented by moral relativism, the essence of which is the opposite view to the regulation of society. Moral relativism denies the existence of a common moral law for all people, arguing that there are many different cultures and each of them ...

Sustainability of globalization and environment pose real challenges to management of business institutions. The aspect of keeping abreast of all the changes in the socio-cultural trends, economic, technological and political-legal in order to make informed decisions is an uphill task. Therefore, theories have been developed to enable Business Corporations address this challenge. Managers of various institutions or organizations can adapt the most suitable theory in the day to day learning of the organizations so as to enable it not to be extinct (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). The population ecology theory proposes that once a company undergoes successful establishment within a ...

IT is a Christian vocation. However, the extent to which IT practices are exercised in a Christian way is largely dependent on the individual because, as with everything else, IT can be used both for the good and the bad, as explained in the following ethical theories of moral relativism, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics (Pojman & Fieser, 2008).

Moral Relativism

The theory of Moral Relativism does agree with IT as a Christian vocation. While Moral Relativism recognizes cultural differences, it can be considered that IT has universal principles. For example, programming languages remain the same no matter where it is used or how ...

People propose moral relativism on psychological grounds. The psychological reasons include psychological conclusions while subjective personal motives normally form powerful moral relativism sources as compared to the logical considerations. People consider moral relativism as objective logical arguments. The main motive for relativism is people’s deep desire to achieve happiness. In addition, fears correspond to the fundamental desires within. It is rather probable that such fear for moral absolutism makes people unhappy through making them feel even guiltier. For this reason, moral absolutism becomes unloving and uncompassionate. This good morality component has positive consequences while bad morality bears negative ...

Over the past few decades, social inequalities such as class, gender and race have been the leading cause in our world's societal problems. What leads one to believing that an individual is inferior to him based on his or her possessions or appearance? Emma by Jane Austen reflects upon the norms of nineteenth century’s England. Austen has always tried to address the social issues in her works such as Pride & Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Emma. In order to have a clearer understanding of the social conflicts criticized in Emma, one has to look closely at the social structure ...

Introduction

The theory of knowledge obligation is an essential key to the educational philosophy. From a philosophic point of view, neutral question is the question that is obvious interpreted from a questioner who has not vested any interest on the answer. In other words, the questioner will accept the answer that is given out or emerges from anyone. Neutral question is a leading question in the argumentative essay that is well distinguished in the legal world of philosophy. In this case, witnesses are asked questions that are designed and produce a certain answer that will settles the questioner’s prove and will. However, collecting ...

in the Debate Between Moral Relativism and Moral Absolutism The issue of moral relativism versus moral absolutism is an important one in the history of moral philosophy. Benedicts argues that normality is “culturally defined” and argues that what we think of as right and wrong, good and evil, and moral and immoral varies from culture to culture” (qtd. in Rosenstand, p. 146). This view of moral relativism is that the standards of moral right and wrong are based on the moral code of each culture. On the other hand, Christina Hoff Sommers observes an opposite view that moral ...

Introduction

One of the most complex aspects of human existence in the modern world at present include the need to handle medical operations. The reason for such complexity is the involvement of different human elements into the system. Such human elements include emotion, culture, tradition and at times even religion. The field of medicine has been incurring several developments through the years. And somehow, the most common point of medical development incurred is mostly dedicated on how nurses and other medical practitioners could handle particularly complex situations involving human elements that could intervene with the procedures they want to engage ...

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Introduction

Food industry is the largest and the most critical part of our society. As a matter of fact, it has already reached an estimated sales of four trillion dollars globally in 2002 (Regmi and Gehlhar, 2005). Moreover, the food industry is the main producer of nutrition for the entire population. Dell’Aquila and Cioffi (2004) focused on fresh vegetables and fruits and discusses that EU rules are counterproductive by increasing neither the import nor the export of quality products. Vancauteren and De Frahan (2006) estimated a model called the structural gravity, and stated that bringing together of food policies ...

Part 1: Profile of USAID

USAID is an acronym that stands for United States Agency for International Development. It is a non-profit organization that carries out interventions in hard hit areas, primarily in third world developing countries. It is a federal agency of the government of the United States of America primarily tasked with delivering civilian foreign aid. - Areas of Interest USAID has interest in many areas around the globe. Firstly, it is important to identify the areas of operational interest for the organization. USAID seeks to help overseas people who are struggling to live a better life, live in the reins of democracy ...

1. Introduction God created all things visible, invisible, including all spiritual beings. God’s work of creation was good, both physically and morally. God blessed creation with all his loving-kindness. God has given responsibilities to all the living beings as a care taker of earth. Out of all creations the human begins is the dominant creation in the earth. The human begins framed a certain rules by themselves and they strict to that rules. Even they don’t know whether the framed rules are morally correct. There is lot of moral principles written by many people. Most of the moral ...

Part One

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or IFRC is the largest humanitarian network in the world. It reaches more than one hundred and fifty million people in one hundred and eighty seven National Societies. This is done through the work of more than thirteen million volunteers. These national societies and volunteers work together in dealing with disasters. They work during and after natural and other disasters and health related emergencies to improve lives and meet the needs of vulnerable people. They do ...

Goodman mentioned about the American courts’ decision to overturn statute that they deemed unconstitutionally vague and related kinds. However, in case of laws based on customs, he said that they fail the criteria of universality. But then again, his stand was that moral relativism might exclude some values as inherently part of one’s cultural background. Nonetheless, for him, what is basically wrong, cannot in principle, be above consensus even among the majority of a particular group or society. Thus, the number of individuals cannot make a wrong right. Here I agree with Goodman because he unequivocally treated his claims with ...

Introduction

Ethical dilemmas are an integral part of every aspect of human life today. Apparently ethical dilemmas are among the principal factors that make the process of decision making more complicated. The major reason why ethical dilemmas make decision making complicated is because they pose two possible answers to a situation, both appearing to be correct. In an ethical dilemma, either side has a strong argument behind its decision. Worth noting is the fact that ethical dilemmas exist in all fields of life, ranging from the world of medicine to the world of business. Arguably, business is among the widest fields of human ...

Much like most Australian jurisdictions, the Texan systems, as well as those of most states in America have started embracing the idea of victim compensation. Apparently, there are so many arguments for victim compensation by the government. Worth noting is the fact that, by government compensation, it does not necessarily mean that the government has to spend taxpayers monies to compensate the victims. Rather, it means that the government can or should facilitate the acquisition of monetary reimbursement by the victim from the offender. The rationale and philosophy behind victim compensation, according to the proponents of the same, is ...

TIME CAPSULE

Time Capsule Letter to the Future Generation Dear Future Reader/s, As you read pass this electronic mail, perhaps you are using a highly sophisticated gadget and you might need a document translator to be able to read through this text. Notwithstanding, I would like to share with you a common life in our times. I am a wife and the mother to six beautiful children, with two sets of twins included. I have three daughters and three sons ranging from ages six to twenty. My days are full of excitement as one can only imagine. Every day is different ...

Debatably, the police force is the most conspicuous aspect of the criminal justice system. Concerned with direct enforcement of the law, the police force has the powers to investigate and conduct a lawful arrest. Within the police department are many other sections such as the traffic police, crime scene investigators et cetera. All these sections play roles within the whole system. The government provides the police with such facilities as vehicles and CCTV cameras to make the enforcement of the law more effective (Neubauer 111). Still, the police force is said to be the most corrupt institution in any country ...

Ethics/Fundamentals of Ethics by Russ Shafer Landau

1.) Write an essay explaining the difference between monistic and pluralistic approaches to ethics. Give an example of a monistic theory, and explain why it qualifies as monistic. What are the two main types of pluralistic theories? Is ethical pluralism preferable to ethical monism? Defend your answer. Monism is used to explain a philosophy which considers only one Supreme Being in the universe. It explains all expansions and survival of creation which includes mental and corporal or spiritual beings. Monism in ethics is the belief of being optimistic or idealistic. A pluralistic approach to ethics on the other hand contains ...

Introduction

The just theory of war has its roots in the ethics of war embraced by ancient Roman Empire and the catholic gurus of theology. Arguably the earliest proponents of the catholic faith, Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas endeavored to explain why and how war was religiously justifiable. The two gurus of theology argued that a man could serve God and his nation at the same time through being a strong Christian and going to war, in defense of his country (Elshtain 78). According to St. Augustine war was a morally justifiable tool that God had given to the rulers to guard and ...

While humanity has solved the problems of providing running water and electricity, the issues of morality remain sticky wickets for societies to figure out – and even for individuals to puzzle out on their own. While in many cases it might be easier, at least for the collective, for all individuals in a particular social group to share the same morals, just about every attempt at creating a morally homogenous society, at either end of the spectrum, has failed. Whether it was the Puritans (or the modern day Taliban) creating a theocracy and setting up a system of laws that govern every aspect of ...

Moral and cultural relativism attempts to draw the relationship between the differences contained in moral judgments and cultural practices across diverse cultures. It supposes that what is right or wrong, or what is moral or not moral can only be determined through a subjective approach as what is moral or right to one person may not necessarily be so to the other. Allan Bloom in his book The choosing of the American mind; How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished The souls of Today’s Students(1987) explains that an average American Student is a moral relativist and believes that ...