Essays on Moral Theory

Mill's utilitarian argument supports Singer's utilitarian argument about the obligation of an individual to assist starving people that are in absolute poverty. Although the Mill’s explanation makes Singer’s argument look overdemanding, both philosophers have nearly the same understanding. For instance, Mill claims that people should do good not to impress or profit the world but to achieve self-happiness (Kowalski 177). In doing so, the individual gets to help the world or the society in general. Just like Singer, Mill gives an example where one has a lunch date but on the way, meets a child in need ...

Educational affiliation

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics The paper analyses the role of the ethics and corporate state responsibility in the terms of the automotive industry. The study is to evaluate the role of the local ethics and the Corporate Social Responsibility in the process of the international development of the automotive industry. The key objectives are to evaluate the roles of these two concepts, find out the role of the customers’ awareness of the unethical behavior, and describe the patterns of change. The study validates why the car industry should focus on the ethical considerations and the CSR. This ...

Philosophy Questions

1. Ross’ s Moral Theory is considered to stand between Kant’s strict deontological theory and theological theory of utilitarianism. According to the philosopher, there existed several prima facie duties that people had to hold in respect if they did not contradict one another. In case they conflicted, human’s intuition would help to make the right choice and find the weightiest and the most important duty. Ross stated that any prima facie obligation could be redefined by more important ones. While Kant saw all obligations absolute and exceptionless, Ross allowed maximization of the good as one of the ...

Feature film “Gone, Baby, Gone” directed by Ben Affleck and based on the novel by the same name by Dennis Lehane does not only keep the attention of spectators but also makes them face a moral dilemma and judge if the final action by the main character, Patrick Kenzie, was right or wrong. In the article about this film, which is called “The cruelest crime of all” and was published by The Guardian in 2008 the author gives such a plot review: “The film has a sinuous, labyrinthine plot and what begins as a combination of police procedural thriller ...

The case regarding making a choice between accepting expensive gifts and allowing for the gift money to be donated to feed starving children is a practical example of moral conundrums solved through the application of moral theories. The utilitarian moral theory, just like other moral theories has the potential of helping to decide on which route of action to take (Vaughn 68). The utilitarian point of view notes that what defines a moral act is the level of happiness it brings. In making this choice, therefore, it will be essential to weigh the happiness the chosen action brings. Ideally, ...

Utilitarianism, which is the greatest happiness principle, considers that a good action is an action that paves the way to production of happiness, and a bad action lead to producing unhappiness. The only factor that plays a significant role is consequence or result of action, and most significant consequence is happiness or unhappiness. Utilitarianism theory does not require somehow certain knowledge regarding future, instead it demands that when individuals act, they should be aware of what they want they desire the outcome to be first. The theory is of the view that it is only possible to judge wrong ...

Deontology is an ethical branch dealing with good activities, duties, and right obligations. It originated from a Greek word deon meaning duty. Abortion makes people take sides thus causing polarization of individuals, especially opportunists such as politicians and the liberals. Liberals and feminists use the utilitarian argument while politicians use the deontological positions. Deontological approach uses moral actions and duties to murder those practicing abortion. However, pregnancy interruption before birth is viewed from different angles and ethical conclusion from different perceptions are allowed from various rights and theories. Deliberate determination of pregnancy has been a discussion over the years. ...

Q.1 Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), a German philosopher, is known for his moral philosophical theories that define human behavior, moral standards or requirements and consequences of such behavior. Central to his deontological moral theories is the aspect of human reason which he argues is the source of morality and which should guide human conduct and experience. Referred as the Kantian ethics, these theories may be relevant in modern policing practices.

Kant’s Moral and Ethical Theories

Immanuel Kant developed the deontological moral theory through which he argued that the decision as to what is right or wrong, that is ethical, with reference to human actions, ...

Utilitarianism and Kant’s Moral Theory differ in several ways. For example, utilitarianism defines ethical values based on the end results as opposed to the anticipated consequences. On the other hand, Kant's ethical theory determines the rectitude of a deed based on the entire ethical decision with regard to the nature of the deed; the results are totally unimportant. Also, the two theories differ on the fundamental moral principles. For example, utilitarianism emphasizes on creating value for other people while Kant considers procedures to be imperative in determining the morality of an action. This paper explores the similarity, differences, ...

Is it ethical for a Christian doctor to try and save an injured and dying psychopath who has just murdered innocent civilians in a bank robbery including the doctor’s spouse? Ethics refer to a set of philosophical principles that are used to make a moral judgment or decision in trivial situations including professions in an effort to create a sense of order. However there are situations where moral judgment becomes entangled with human emotions as well as pressure from external forces such as expectations form other people. In such instances one is said to be in an ethical ...

This paper is on the issue of feminist morality. The paper provides arguments on the feminist critique of rights and the ethics of care. There is a detailed account of the tensions, differences that exists between ethics of care and rights ethics. Held makes significant contributions to the field of ethics of care. Held provides an account that is strategic and offers a framework that is consistent with the ethics of care. Likewise Samantha Brennan tries to champion the rights of women through feminist issues in the use of feminist ethics and feminist politics. Moral values that characterize care ...

Philosophy

Explain the connections between pleasure, contemplation, and judgment in aesthetic appreciation. Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy; it is type of quality hypothesis or axiology, which is the investigation of sensory or sensori-passionate qualities, called judgments of sentiment and taste. Aesthetics is connected with the logic of art. Style is once in a while called "the investigation of magnificence". Judgments of aesthetics esteem depend on our capacity to separate at a tactile level. Aesthetics looks at what makes something wonderful, glorious, appalling, fun, adorable, senseless, enthralling, bombastic, empowering, grating, agreeable, exhausting, comical, or disastrous. Tactile separation is connected to ...

The question of morality has been discussed throughout the history of philosophy. These questions cannot be solved through simple logic due to the philosophic difficulty that they present. This is important because in the modern world there are still major issues that challenge the capacity for rational decision making. This is especially true in regards to medical ethics, in which these decisions can often result in the difference between life and death. Should doctors be given the right to end patients lives in cases in which they are going through extreme suffering and are given consent? This brings up ...

Utilitarianism and Kantianism

Utilitarianism, Virtue ethics and Kantianism are examples of normative ethics. In these theories, there are three components which characterize every action: the consequences of the action, the action itself (which also include the motive of the action), and the agent (the doer). Utilitarianism deals with the consequences of the action. On the other hand, deontological theories (Kantianism and divine command theory) are concerned with motive/action. Virtue ethics, however, is concerned with the doer/agent (Stewart, 2009). Utilitarianism and Kantianism Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is derived from the word utility. In utilitarianism, an action is deemed right only if its outcome is to ...

Ethics is the accepted code of conduct (principles of wrong or right) that control the behavior of an individual, an organization or group of a profession. It is always considered to be a factor of variation in politics, economic growth, culture and legal systems. Particular practices might be unethical when viewed by other countries' standards. Most common ethical issues are related to human rights, labor standards, and financial standards, accounting standards, environmental regulations, moral obligations, and corruption. The international business setting, through its economic and cultural diversity, time and again exposes foreign executives to significant challenges. On a short ...