Essays on Mubarak

The square is a 2013 documentary film, shot by Jehane Noujaim, an Egyptian-American film director who grew up a few minutes away from Tahrir Square. The film covers two years of protests that began on 25th January 2011. Noujaim teamed up with several activists from all factions involved, documenting their and others’ struggles for more than two years. Khalid Abdalla, a movie star and son of an exiled former Egyptian liberal activist and politician, Ahmed Hassan, a Cairo resident is the guide in the chaos at Tahrir; Magdy Ashour, one of the Muslim Brotherhood; Aida El Kashef, a filmmaker ...

Abstract

Living in the era of nano and hi-tech technologies the humanity faced the issue of the impact of social nets on the society. A special focus is made on the attraction of the opinion leaders ¬ people who are the most respectful among the visitors of social nets. As a result, such people have a very active position in life and, therefore, cannot stay apart from any world situation. They fancy being the active participants of the discussions, debates and other forms that let them express what they think. Not only they reveal the world their vision, but also make ...

Egypt uprising of 2011 occurred after collaborative efforts from various interested groups. The elites and non-elites participated at different scales and levels. The Egyptians had tolerated poverty, political oppression, and corruption for decades. As a result, human rights and labor activists alongside NGOs begun protesting the government. During 2010, just before elections, the Muslim Brotherhood, a group of youths that defied the government and Mohammed ElBaradei’s campaign for reforms got a national attention especially when the Mubarak attempted to install his son Gamal as heir. The government machinations suppressed most of the activist. Police killed Khaled Said triggering ...

United States has for decades been deeply involved in the Middle East, and particularly in the ongoing conflict between Israel and its various neighbors. This is why there is been a good deal of speculation of late as to how US policy toward Israel during a future Hillary Clinton presidency might differ from (or be similar to) that of the current Obama administration. Since leaving the State Department, Clinton has provided some indication about what her policies would be in the Middle East in general and Israel in particular. Nevertheless, a certain degree of uncertainty still exists. While there ...

Kuwait, as a nation, has faced a number of successive revolutions, all led by the country’s youth. Despite its immense oil wealth, as the third greatest producing member of OPEC, Kuwait is small country. It has a total population of just 1.2 million people, and as a result is often overlooked on the diplomatic level. Moreover, it has a fragmented and complex political structure that can be challenging for outsiders to understand. So, Kuwait stayed largely out of the media, and international affairs, since it was released from Iraqi occupation in 1991, by Western armed forces. At that ...

Egypt is a North African country with a high population of the Arabs. The main religion of the country is Islam though there are also Christians and other religious groups sparsely spread all over the country. Social inequality in Egypt is one of the worst in the region. As a bigger population of the country struggle to live below a dollar, the cities keep on rising with skyscrapers. The poor-rich gap keeps on widening. Apart from the evident distinct gap between the poor and the rich, gender inequality is on the rise. Women have gained a little recognition in ...

Islam is a religion, which started in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula, precisely in Mecca. Its believers trust in the existence of Mohammad. It is believed to have originated from Prophet Mohammad, who was visited by Angel Gabriel for about 23 years. In this period, he received revelations with which the Quran is composed. In general, the Islam religion is revealed to mean ‘the one who submits to Allah' (“What Is Islam? - Political Islam”). Most importantly, they believe in the five pillars of faith, prayer, giving, fasting and pilgrimage. It is also a monotheistic religion, but ...

Introduction and Thesis

A reflection on various countries all around the world depicts the persistent emergence of revolts against the ruling government (s). In the year 2011, the world woke up to the news that a major revolution was developing in Egypt. Often connoted as the “Arab Spring,” the revolution was characterized by the polarization of the Egyptians who had developed a negative notion against the government. The Egyptians perceived their government as corrupt, tyrannical, and oppressive. As a result, a significant portion of the Egyptians occupied the Tahrir Square in Cairo protesting against the ruling regime. In the beginning, only thousands ...

Introduction

When people live in a society, they are imparted with specific values and norms which shape their understanding of different things. One of the unique understanding that people develop is their notion of how they expect the government to work. They also develop unique belief on what they expect the political system to do for them (Roskin, et al. 106). These beliefs towards the government or the political system that individuals of a given society develop are what are referred to as the political culture of a nation. The political culture varies from one nation to another. There are ...

In the 21st century, it is convenient to categorize groups fighting against established governments as terrorists. Throughout the globe, disparate protest movements are fighting against persecution by governments based on religious, cultural and political differences. It is difficult to differentiate between terrorists and freedom fighters. In most cases, a group that one calls a terrorist movement might be categorized as a freedom fighting movement. This paper seeks to examine characteristics that changes the categorization of protest movements from legitimate freedom fighter movement to terrorist organization. The argument put forward is that the means and targets of protest movement are ...

Multi-party System in Egypt

Introduction A discussion on party systems is based on the distinctions that exist between dominant one-party, two-party, and multiparty systems. Party families such as socialist, Christian democrat, agrarian, liberal, conservative, regional and ethnic parties, and other new parties characterize democracies of the world (Deth and Newton 276). Party systems have similar features as party families because they are based on the social and economic structure of society. Party systems such as two-part system, multi-party system, dominant one-party system exist as part of party families (Deth and Newton 276). Multi-party systems are evident in countries where governance is based on ...

Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm

Introduction Dunning's eclectic paradigm is a model developed by John H. Dunning. The aim of the model is to explain the OLI-framework. The framework by Dunning serves as a guide for empirical examination of determinants of FDI. The framework offers a ground to research on factors affecting the development of multinational companies concerning expansion after engaging in foreign production and other expansion plans in the foreign countries. According to Dunning (2001), the assumption underlying the eclectic paradigm by Dunning is that three factors determine the FDI or specifically the return to FDI. The first factor is represented by ‘O'. ...

Protests, strikes, rebellions – all these actions are nothing but a proof of people’s reluctance to obey some rules and blindly follow someone’s promises. Despite the fact that people are very different, they have different views, likes, hopes, faith; however, when it comes to massive resentment, they are filled in with similar feelings – hatred, rage and anger. Undoubtedly, sometimes protests do help people reach their desirable goal, but at the same time they lead to inevitable consequences. Protests are usually driven by a series of reasons – either related to politics, work, religion, or sexual discrimination. Irrespective of the reason ...