Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...
Essays on Muscle Fatigue
4 samples on this topic
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Biology
Abstract This is a practical report on human physiology EMG. The experiment recruited 85 subjects to examine the level of the signal emanating from muscle contraction in the lab. Some of the participants were left-handed while some were right handed. Males and females with varying levels of activity were recruited. The results indicated that more males exhibited maximal compression force than females as attested by the higher numbers that returned quickly to half the clench force. The level of activity of the participants positively correlated to slow return to half of the maximal compression force and reduced signs of ...
Creatine is an amino acid. It is naturally occurring i.e. it is made in the body in the kidney, liver and pancreas. Creatine is obtained from foods such as meat and fish. In the body, creatine is converted to creatine phosphate and taken to reserves in the muscle. In the case of extreme intensity, short intervals of exercising such as weight lifting and sprinting it is used as an energy source. The storage form phosphocreatine is converted to the body's energy currency, ATP and used. The fact that it has this use has meant that athletes and body builders ...
Fatigue: Processes, Side-effects and the Wingate Bicycle Test
When a person overexerts himself from doing strenuous activities through the say, he may feel sore and tired in each part of his body. This type of problem is called fatigue. Fatigue is mostly connected to the feeling of exhaustion because of the lack of energy and stress because of too much work, lack of sleep, lack of exercise or even because of boredom. But how exactly does this process work and how a person can discern fatigue once it is happening in the body. This paper will discuss the processes on how fatigue takes into place in the body, how ...