Essays on Muscle Weakness

In this course we looked into the different kinds of toxins that affect the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine system (Lu, Kacew, & Lu, 2003). The political, religious and social tension among different countries and communities, poses a constant threat of terrorism and war. Use of biological weapons like bacteria, viruses or toxin in the war is called biological warfare. Staphylococcus toxin and Botulinum toxin are the commonly used toxin in biological warfare. The use of biological warfare is an age old practice. There are several recordings in the history where biological toxins like ergot poison, hellebore, Barbarossa, human feces, leprosy ...

Based on the initial symptoms, the patient most likely suffers from hypothyroidism or low thyroid hormone disorder. Further clinical tests and an examination of the family’s medical history reveals that the particular disorder could be Hashimoto’s disease; also called Hashimoto thyroiditis. Hashimoto thyroiditis is classified as an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune disease, one's immune system attacks the body’s tissue specifically the thyroid gland (Skugor & Wilder, 2006, p.2). By attacking the thyroid gland, the disease reduces the gland’s ability to produce thyroid hormones of substantial quantity. This condition leads to hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone deficiency presents with ...

[University’s name] Electrolytes are charged particles that have the tendency to generate electrical potentials. Therefore, they are kept under strict check so that they remain within certain limits and don’t alter the internal hemodynamically stable milieu. But, during a diseased process or because of self-induction, these electrolytes may either become surplus or becomes alarmingly decreased. Such states can have deleterious often lethal effects on human life.

HYPOKALEMIA:

Signs and Symptoms: According to Papadakis and McPhee (2015), patients with hypokalemia may present with muscular weakness, fatigue, abnormal muscular cramps, paralytic ileus leading to constipation, decreased reflexes, hypercapnia, tetany ...

Application of occupational therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Application of occupational therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Introduction

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe and common childhood muscular dystrophy that results in progressive muscular weakness and wasting. It is an X-linked recessive disorder in which the patients have intragenic out-of-frame deletions or duplications of one or more exons of the dystrophin gene. The common presentation of DMD includes abnormal gait and difficulty in rising from the floor. As a result of muscle weakness and contractures of the Tendon Achilles (TA), the patient loses the walking ability. Though DMD was considered as a childhood disease, current treatments and therapies have improved the ...

What are the causes of muscular dystrophy in the elderly?

1.0 Introduction Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of degenerative disorders that are hereditary and progressive which result in the weakening of the skeletal muscles. There is a variety of muscular dystrophy which differ in terms of onset, degree of severity, penetrance and pattern of muscles that are affected. The main types of muscular dystrophy include: facioscapulohumeral, congenital, myotonic, Duchenne, limb girdle and oculopharnygeal and distal. Some of these disorders manifest during the formative years of life but some only manifest later on. This therefore implies that muscular dystrophy is a group of degenerative disorders that affects people of all ages; ...

Complete NANDA based Nursing care plan for a client with congestive heart failure due to Chronic Renal Failure:

Chronic renal failure is defined as a progressive failure in function of the kidney. The kidneys in this case attempt to reiterate for renal damage through excessive restraining of blood levels (hyperfiltration) in the remaining nephrons that are functional. This goes on to filter different units, which consist of a corresponding tubule and glomerulus). In the long term, hyperfiltration induces further functional loss. The three main symptoms of heart failure (congestive) include exercise intolerance. This is a situation where an individual is unable to cope up with exercise as well as mild physical exertion, which they were able to do previously. It ...

Response to question 1

The condition is described by researchers as nine groups of hereditary disorders affecting muscle strength among articulating nerves. They are Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Becker muscular dystrophy; Congenital MD; Emery-Dreifuss MD; Facioscapulohumeral MD; Distal MD; Myotonic MD; Oculopharyngeal MD and Limb-girdle MD (Motlagh, MacDonald, Tarnoplosky, 2005) A progressive pathophysiology begins with muscle weakness that gets worse over time. Some types start in early childhood and are linked to the male gender. Contractures could develop; then loss of balance and coordination; wasting of the muscle which is replaced by fatty tissue in some cases; sclerosis; difficulty in walking; frequent falls; ...