Essays on Naturalism

Introduction

Realism is an art movement which originated in France (Cabello, 2015). Because of this, the spread of realism in the world has been greatly affected not only by the artistic minds, but also by the different aspects of society which will potentially impact a movement or an artwork. These influences were greatly seen in the middle, to the latter nineteenth century where the art movement received various criticisms, especially by the mass media during that period, through the newspapers (Lloyd, 2013). This paper will show the different views of society upon the introduction of the Realist movement in the ...

The Chrysanthemums is a brilliant short story written by the most prominent writer of the Literary Naturalism movement, John Steinbeck. The writer brilliantly depicts the involvement of environment and stresses the necessity of social connections. The major symbols of the story are the beautiful, decorated flowers the chrysanthemums, which are closely connected with the protagonist Elisa Allen, in both a spiritual and physical way. At the beginning of the story the woman wore a filthy garden outfit , which was described almost in the end of the story : “Elisa turned and ran hurridly into the house. In the bathroom ...

Adoration of the Magi

The artwork form a certain era or period says a lot about the culture the art comes from. By studying the symbolism, colors, and materials used in the art, it is easy to understand the culture that thrived during that time. Decoding the artistic elements in the portraits can help one learn as to what was necessary to the civilization of that era and how they wanted to be remembered. “Adoration of The Magi” by Giotto di Bondone, when studied speaks a lot about the culture and the features of the artistic movement in social, historical and artistic context. ...

Literature review: Nora Helmer in the play Dollhouse by Henrik Ibsen

Nora Helmer is one if not the most interesting character in the three-act play prose written by the great writer Henrik Ibsen. Many of the literally critics me included argue that such an immature, incredibly ignorant person can never have attained the kind of understanding or the revolutionary, amazing qualities that are represented by Nora by the time she leaves her home. While analyzing the play I noticed the creative and careful construction of the character Nora take place in the play. Ibsen has created Nora in such a way that her far sightedness and show of independence can ...

The concept of the American dream has been widely interpreted by many people to mean the national values that guide America towards attaining prosperity (Adams, 23). One such literature work that has tried interpreting the American dream is Arthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’. In this play, the author puts his focus on the concept of the American dream. In one way or the other, the play exposed the weak points and the failures of blindly having faith in the American dream, as it leads to a tragedy. Although there is no doubt that the American national values ...

Contextual Analysis

Junius Bassus was a Roman politician who gained prominence during his career and was also known as the Urban Prefect of Rome. His artwork, the Sarcophagus is a magnificent piece of art from the Late Antique era. It is of high-quality artistry as well as beautifully detailed to show the interplay of the biblical iconography. Christianity for a long time had a marginal status in the Roman land. In this period, Christianity was very appealing to the desires of many faithful; however, due to monotheism Christians suffered a lot of persecutions. In his artwork, Junius Bassus prominently represents Jesus ...

Introduction

Charles Robert Darwin was a naturalist born on 12th February 1809 at a place called Shrewsbury in England. However, he died on 19th April 1882 in London. In his lifetime, one of his greatest achievements is about the evolutionary theory of living organisms (Bowler). He was able to achieve this success through the voyage he embarked in 1831. He traveled for five years all over the world with the HMS Beagle. Through his traveling, he was able to study different specimen and thus his evolution theory was developed. This fact caused him to write the book titled as On ...

Answer the Questions

Worldview is a set of creeds and acceptations that reflects people’s attitude to the outwards things. Worldview refers to such questions as the origin of the world, human beings, and living creatures, sense of life, God’s existence, moral issues, and absolutes. (Ministry)

Describe the various worldviews that we discuss in the class.

There are three types of worldview. They are naturalism, non-naturalism, and supernaturalism. Naturalism states that there are only natural things that exist, and studied by natural science. Most of scientists and philosophers are naturalists. Naturalism in religion can be represented by some branches of Buddhism and Taoism.

Non-naturalism assumes that some moral values exist and they are much higher than the natural values.

Supernaturalism proclaims at least one intellect existence beyond ...

Titian’s and Peter Paul Rubens’s Venus and Adonis

The essay looks at Rubens and Titian version of Venus and Adonis and makes a comparison of their style. While Rubens and Titian version of Venus and Adonis, Rubens’s picture is typically Baroque. Rubens was greatly influenced by Titian and copied his version of Venus and Adonis. The story behind Venus and Adonis is derived from Ovid's Metamorphoses. The goddess Venus is shown clinging to her mortal lover, the handsome young Adonis, whom she is infatuated with. Venus attempts to stop her lover from going hunting. But hunting is a passion with Adonis and he knew that it ...

In the world of Jane Austen adaptations, Joe Wright’s 2005 film Pride and Prejudice proves itself incredibly innovative in its approach. Prior attempts at adapting Austen works, including Pride, focus on a clean-cut, ornate and incredibly stately world of Victorian England, with upper-class characters spending the entire film in eloquent settings and speaking in decidedly unapproachable manners. Wright, along with screenwriter Deborah Moggach, eschew this aesthetic in order to provide their adaptation of Pride and Prejudice with a more casual, approachable take on the classic Jane Austen romance, complete with a greater emphasis on naturalism, grit and approachability. ...

The 19th century is a period marked in history due to myriads of changes that transpired. The world experienced tremendous changes from the agrarian to an industrialized society, which threatened the existence of prior systems and values. The industrialized world changed the social and cultural structure of the society. Moreover, the society needed a tool that would best express the sociocultural and philosophical concerns of the day. Literature came in handy as an artistic medium to air such issues of the day, and at the same time to change people’s view on certain issues due to the introduction ...

Progressivism philosophy is of the view that improvements in the economy, research, and development, as well as the social organization, are important elements in improving humanity and the conditions in which humanity lives.

The role of government

Progressives saw the role of government not as political but administrative. For that reason, its expansion was necessary to enable it to deal with the social and economic challenges that the people faced at the time (Dewey, 39). Some of the challenges that arose in the late 19th century include increasing inequality due to the rise of capitalism and frequent conflicts between workers and owners of ...

Intelligence design and Darwinian Theory of evolution

Intelligent designs

Intelligence design is a scientific research program that constitutes professionals ranging from scientists, philosophers and the community of believers that are trying to seek the evidence-based design work. This design says that matters of existence and world origins are best explained by an intellectual undertaking and not a story that has no direction like the Darwinian Theory of natural selection (DeWolf et al., 2007).When one studies the components of a given measure, one can outline the issues of law, chances in life and conditions found in intelligence design. It is only through intelligence that scientists can ...

Is Evolution True?

Is Evolution True? Development can be defined as the fundamental process whereby species that are new develop from earlier species through accumulated changes. Sometimes an evolution is described as "descent with modification". As this process of speciation continues to take place, many species start to appear thus becoming increasingly different, and this continues over time and becomes a pattern. Through many observations of the changes in life forms over time, these models have been developed. Charles Darwin explains that the mechanism on hoe evolution occurs is by natural selection. Having constantly been observed, natural selection role in being the ...

The important concepts of law and justice are necessary foundations that lend legitimacy to a state, in particular and to a society and/or a civilization, in general. Owing to the intrinsic differences in social organizations the concepts of law and justice have varied definitions and approaches in the West and the East. A valid comparison of the Western and the Eastern approaches to these concepts make the comparisons and the contrasts extremely enlightening (Nov 17).

The Western legal culture primarily evolved from the Judeo-Christian sacred texts, the Greek philosophy and logic, and the Germanic-tribal or folk (law) traditions. After 380 AD ...

Using subversion in images, paintings or art is a process in which the system of values and principles which are operating in a society or a place is being contradicted. It is usually common for attacking the public about the political and social system in place. It could also be used to attack the public about their concept of morality. Subversion is common in the paintings during the medieval and renaissance age. In this essay, two paintings are analysed about their use of subversion. The essay also opts to explore the impact of the image during its development and in the modern ...

Introduction:

In the context religious belief and the theories of evolution, a relationship exist which attempts to explain the foundation and fundamental aspects relation to each other. The religious ideas and aspects at times concur with the theory of evolution but other aspects conflicts and varies greatly. The comparison and contrast of evolution-religion relationship is essential in order to expose our brains to deep thinking so as to understand our general lives as well as religious beliefs in a more deep perspective. The relationship between evolution and religion is therefore a very essential tool in understanding the pillars of each religion and the ...

Moore, Olin H. "The Romanticism of Guy de Maupassant." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (1918): 96-134.

In Moore's article, Guy de Maupassant in particular is examined as an example of a prominent naturalistic author, whose reactions to Romanticism included a disdain for fantastic plots, making of their works "merely a series of scenes" (p. 96). Moore calls de Maupassant "the purest representative" of this naturalism. The author is shown to depict opposites and have thematic repetition in his stories; the falseness of the necklace in the story in question is contrasted with another story, les Bijoux, in which the jewels at the center of the story turn out to be genuine.

This source is an ...

Executive Summary

Mythology typically elucidates historical events of ancient characters to represent beliefs, practices, natural phenomenon and institution that are related to religious beliefs and rights. The mythology had an immense impact on art and literature during the Decadence era as it gave rise to the concept of Symbolism in Europe. Decadence was an era towards the end of Eighteen Century that emerged during the industrial revolution in Europe. Decadence is heavily linked with symbolism. Symbolism links the ancient mythology with imagination to form art and literature. Symbolism is an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the group of few ...

Introduction

African American literature was born at the end of the 18th century, during the period when the African American people were still going through slavery. Slaves were seen to be less than human and not able to study sciences or arts. White Philosophers during this time viewed slaves as inferior including those that wrote The Norton Anthology of African American Literature (Nellie McKay and Henry Louis Gates Jr.) as well as Immanuel Kant and David Hume. The philosophers noted that the African American people, nicknamed as ‘Negroes’ by then were inferior to the white people, and they did not ...

With the development of educational thought, it is necessary, albeit very briefly, understand its current position. In Christianity, there are always two things: 1) Christianity is the doctrine of this life, and 2) Christianity is the doctrine of eternal life. The most important problem of Christianity - the problem of salvation - appears in this life, and in addition, Christianity represents a revelation given over not to somehow get through this life, but with love to carry your life cross. This explains the fact that Christianity has given an unprecedented flowering of human cultural forces in all areas: art, science, ...

Abstract

The roots of the history of sculpture in Europe can be traced back to the ancient Greece, where the great traditional forms of architectural sculpture, large-scale sculpture and statues flourished. The Greek sculptors primarily worked in stone and bronze. Classical and Hellenistic style of sculpture in Greek art carry distinct characteristics. Where the Classical sculpture is restrained and balanced, Hellenistic sculpture is extravagant plus dynamic. The composed and solemn expression of a classical figure gives in to the passionate expression found in the Hellenistic sculptures. The human body is seen to be the primary focus of ancient Greek sculptures, and ...

Introduction

Ancient scholars discovered that the earth and universe are very old but many people take this for granted (Dr.Terry 2003). According to recent studies, the idea has been rejected since modern scholars have proved otherwise. The facts of earth being old was developed through geology but htis was opposed by scriptural geologists.The findings obtained then are very essential for not only understanding relationship of Christianity to science but also getting the educating students on current arguments creation,evolution ,social, spiritual and moral implications thereof.

Overview

History of Creation During 18th century,many myths of explaining naturalistic and evolutionary nature ...

- Juvenile Delinquency - Theories of Delinquency Throughout history, communities and experts have varying opinions when it comes to explaining why there are juveniles or minors violating rules and laws. According to Martin (2005), early experts and communities tried to explain juvenile delinquency with two theories: demonism and naturalism. Naturalism pertains to the ‘practice of linking human affairs with the natural world, justifying human behavior with the influence of nature.’ For example, if the change due to lunar and solar cycles, human behavior is also affected by these forces. Ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean use this theory ...

There are a lot of famous and unfamiliar names that can be associated with the field of naturalism. A naturalist is someone who is considered to be an expert in natural history and that his or her expertise is practiced and applied through the course of art or literature (Loudon). One of the most famous naturalists in the world is Charles Darwin, who we know as the father of Evolution. Additionally, some of the famous naturalists are George Culver, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Joy Adamson, Alexander Von Humboldt, Henry David Thoreau, Steve Irwin and Alfred Russell Wallace. This paper will discuss the ...

The purpose of Naturalism as a literary movement is to bring about the accurate reproduction of a story’s characters inside the spheres of genetics, environment, fate, instinct as well as the current social context of the time period in which the author wrote the work. Within the American literary tradition, Naturalism has close connections with Realism, and it takes much of its influence from Determinism, the belief that the actions a person undertakes are motivated by both environment and heredity. In “The Open Boat” and “To Build a Fire,” Stephen Crane and Jack London attempt to use the actions and thoughts of ...

The United States American War that is also known as the Mexican War, Invasion of Mexico, or “The War of Irrelevants” was an armed conflict that happened amongst the United States and Mexico in the years between 1846 and 1848. It is a war that can be said to be as a result of the United States invasion of Texas in the previous year in addition to the dispute on if Texas ended at the Nueces River (a claim of the Mexicans) or the Rio Grande (a claim of the United States). As a result of the war, the United States ended up acquiring ...

American Literature

Choose two characters studied this semester. Do they have similar problems? Look beyond the specific details of their circumstances in order to find the essential common dilemma they face. For example, explain what common issue confronts both Sylvia in “A White Heron” and Carrie in Sister Carrie. Both stories are similar in that they confront similar issues of self-doubt and principle. In Sylvia’s case it is the protection of a bird which she deems to be important for survival. Although she befriends the hunter in the story she cannot seems to bring herself to reveal that she saw a ...

This is a short story written in 1897 by an American author known as Stephen Crane. The story is based on the experience of Crane on his survival in a shipwreck while travelling to c Cuba for work. He was a newspapers correspondent. They were stranded for thirty hours in the sea when the ship he was in sank. Crane’s book in a dramatic story of his real life experience, sailing to Cuba and almost sunk with his friend. He was a newspaper corresponded in one of the medias in America. The incident happens when he was on his way to write ...

Naturalism as a worldview method suggests that human behavior is influenced by the need for survival. According to naturalists the character of a person is determined by genetic factors and the environment he lives. Naturalists attempt to find the underlying factors that influence human actions. According to naturalists, the environment and genetic factors influence a person’s character. According to naturalists, knowledge is achieved through scientific means and not personal revelations or religious beliefs. There has to be proof for anything to be considered knowledge. Naturalists argue that either the environment or the genetic composition of a person influences everything that happens. Naturalists ...

‘The Law of Life’ by Jack London is an enigmatic story focusing on survival and continuity of species. This story is written in context of an ancient Indian tribe that believes the needs of the society and that of nature surpass individual wants. London narrates the attitude towards life that is adopted by this ancient tribe, through the ageing life of their old chieftain Koskoosh. In this story, the principles of naturalism and the cycle of life are clearly brought out. This paper intends to analyze and bring out the concepts laid out in the short story, ‘Law of ...

God, to me is the supreme power, the most powerful, and supernatural body in this universe. Faith finds its significance in God, and it’s God who created the universe. A few examples that strengthen my belief in god are the Earth that has been perfect since ages, the colorless and odorless water, the air we breathe, the planets, and the nature. It would be challenging to provide a long-term value to the life if the universe was created accidently with the available natural processes. God holds fundamental significance, and the existence of human beings is made in God’s ...

NATURE OF THE WORLD

WHY MATERIALISM AND IDEALISM DO NOT FIT CHRISTIAN DUALISM Metaphysics: Nature of the World Why Materialism and Idealism Do Not Fit Christian Dualism Materialism and idealism from a metaphysical point of view remain outside the belief of Christian dualism because of the lack of spiritual context of these two perspectives of the nature of the world. History reveals without a social expression of the understanding of Divine Law civilizations held little stability. Of all the civilizations embracing the ideal of Divine Law including Vedic India, Sumer, and Egypt, it is Christianity who "more than any other civilization seemed ...

Foot Soldiers vs., Commanding Officers

As common with every war, there was a divided point of view among various stakeholders of the World War I. One of the most conspicuous divisions of this of point of view was between the foot soldiers of this war and their commanding officers. When the war first broke out, a sense of nationalism swept through Europe and a lot of individuals dutifully volunteered. Many of these volunteers thought the war would be an enthralling adventure that they could not afford to miss. Some even lied about their ages to be allowed to enlist. They were however in for a rude awakening ...

Build in the honor of the Goddess Athens on the top of the Athenian Acropolis between 447-438 BC, the Parthenon is a majestic temple, which reflects the Greek artistic power and architectural ingenuity (Jenkins 76). This construction was built under the reign of Pericles for celebrating the end of the war between Athens and Persia, but its historical significance comprises many more scenes that left the scars of various dominations through time, such as the bombardment during the Ottoman domination, when, in 1687, the Venetian troops fired the Parthenon, which served the Ottomans as the fortress and the place where ...

AMERICAN LITERATURE AFTER 1865

American culture is specific because Americans as a nation did not exist before 1776, but the art is being created almost the same after leaving the first free people in the New World. American culture has bypassed the Middle Ages, Baroque and Renaissance, but is nevertheless very much emphasized in relation to world literature. Period of civil war that has engulfed the American nation has brought with it many of the reforms except political. People have been shaken by war and suffering like finally a reality. No embellishment, no fantasy. The period between 1865 and 1914 in American literature indicates a ...

Language is a fundamental tool for communication of ideas. Thus, both the short stories “Roman Fever” by Edith Wharton and “The Open Boat” by Stephen Crane portray a writing technique that goes hand in hand with realism movement. This is a period that existed around 1910 to 1920, during post civil war. It was supposed to be an intense form of pragmatism, one that moved away from the middle class center of the realists and pertained more to the remains of society. The view of naturalism that classifies it as so different unit from naturalism is its ability and difference in looking ...

Nietzsche’s Attitude to Religion

Introduction The German philosopher, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche is one of the greatest thinkers of the humanity, who inspired school of thoughts, philosophers, psychologists or writers in their work. His philosophy includes remarks to various social, political, economic or religious aspects. Regarding Nietzsche’s religious philosophies, the most prolific are those regarding the Christianity. This research paper proposes to capture a qualitative analysis of Nietzsche’s attitude to religion, with a specific focus on Christianity.

Body – Literature Review

According to Nietzsche’s perception, there are various attitudes on religion, depending on the social status. As such, the rulers see religion as a strategic approach to ...

Naturalism is a literary movement which generally expresses the situation whereby social conditions and environmental setup and conditions shape the human character. These two conditions shape the belief and normal realities of a person. Naturalism can be dated back in the 19th and 20th centuries where the blacks tended to change their character and behavior prior to the social and environmental condition the whites exposed them to. Naturalism has two major determining forces that make an individual change their belief, character and general normal realities. The first determiner is the biological determiner. This phenomena state that human beings are driven ...

According to Bible, we human will be accountable for our each and every word of speech on the Day of Judgment. It is the human nature to be afraid of an inevitable doom when he knows that he is wrong in his deeds. The human nature is to seek pleasures, and for this, he can go to any extent, even to the extent of destructing his own surrounding nature. The same nature that gives him a sense of euphoria in his childhood when he see the first rainbow in the sky, collect the conch shells from the sea shore and ...

Leonardo da Vinci’s views on naturalism clearly impacted his art. The “Vitruvian Man” combines the natural and scientific knowledge of da Vinci to create a stunning piece of art that has inspired artists, scientists, mathematicians, and naturalists for centuries. By looking at both the aesthetic value and the educational value of Da Vinci’s “Vitruvian Man” I endeavor to explore why this drawing is considered such an important world.

Background of Renaissance Thought

A combination of political, social, economic, religious, and cultural factors all affected changes occurring in art during the Renaissance (Kleiner). During this time social, economic, and religious discord, came a new ...

Impressionism was a movement or style of painting that originated and developed in France in 1870s and distinguished by its focus on the immediate impression produced by a landscape or scene and use of the primary colors to replicate actual reflected light. The style was characterized mainly by the use of intense colors, open composition, light and movement and brush strokes. The roots of impressionism include the early 19th century plein-air painting methods by the Barbizon school and naturalism of Camille Corot. Impressionists specialized mainly in genre scenes and landscapes. They were mainly concerned with producing visual reality in their paintings ...

Introduction

Chiropractic and osteopathy are examples of complementary alternative medicine (CAM). Chiropractic medicine emphasizes on the innate recuperative power of the body without the use of drugs or surgery. It also emphasizes on the association between structure (the spine) and function (nervous system) and how this relationship affects health (Huijbregts, 2007). Osteopathy, on the other hand, is a distinct form of medicine which provides all the components of modern medicine such as prescription drugs, surgery, and use of technology in the diagnosis and evaluation of diseases and injuries. It also provides hands-on diagnosis and treatment via a therapeutic system called osteopathic manipulative ...

Introduction

This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the ending of the “The open boat” and “To build a fire". The discussion is made with reference to naturalism. It is pertinent to note that both pieces have significant elements of naturalism. The paper incorporates concrete references to the stories to anchor that argument on the techniques used within them. The aspects of mood, narrative style as well as the characters used in the stories are reviewed in the discussion.

Crane uses a range of aspects of literary naturalism in the story to emphasize the message being portrayed. The struggles of the oiler and ...

Summary:

In Chapter 6 of his book, Tim Keller addresses the presumption that some people hold that the belief in God has become antiquated and needless as a result of evolutionary science. According to Keller, traditional religion has been disproved by science because of belief in miracles. A majority of the scientific community believes that the modern, rational world cannot accommodate miracles. However, Keller points out that scientific discovery can also not prove that natural phenomenon cannot occur as a result of a supernatural cause, it is merely a philosophical presupposition. Moreover, the scientific community refutes the existence of a God who performs miracles and ...

"There Was Crimson Clash of War" by Stephen Crane The poem talks about the consequences of the mental and physical violence that is associated with war. This is because Crane’s background was involved in fascination of war; hence he spread the inspiring messages through this poem. In this poem the speaker is an outsider who is trying to review a situation that he cannot understand. “There came one who understood not these things”, (line 5), portrays a situation where a stranger who can not understand the situation developed by war. When the stranger tries to get the meaning by ...

Jack London succeeds in vividly illustrating the story he tells in “To Build a Fire”, as thru his writing he has the literary strength to paint the happenings and to draw the clear image of his characters and their adventures. Moreover, the strength of his style, the form and writing technique and structure empowers the content of this short story and this strength is an attribute of formalism (Dobie 33). London’s critics argue whether his writings adjust to formalism, comparing the strength of the content, versus the power of the literary art. This essay investigates whether Jack London’s “ ...

Aristotle/Hamlet response

In The Poetics, Aristotle writes that tragedy is the “imitation of an action,” that it should be whole and complete and possess magnitude. He also discusses the concept of recognition and reversal, as well as catharsis (Gerould 49). According to Aristotle, a successful tragedy should contain all of these concepts. A tragedy should also contain a tragic hero, who Aristotle describes as neither exclusively good nor evil, rather a man who made a tragic mistake. Finally, Aristotle suggests that the plot of a successful tragedy must rely on action that is possible and universal. The “universal” suggests that the characters, particularly the hero, behave ...

Truth and Value

Form and Function: Form denotes the physical appearance of objects in question. Elements of mass shape and size determine the essence of form. A function revolves around the actions that the object performs. It is more content based and message oriented. The form determines the function of an object.

Philosophical Functionalism:

The function of an object created the philosophical premise of functionalism. It refers to the theory of mind taking into account the mental states and beliefs. This premise derives a link between the hypothetical plane and the behavioral production. The difference between functionalism, behaviorism, and dualism emerges from its ...

Examples of Naturalism in August Strindberg’s Miss Julie

Naturalism is a style of drama that came to dominance in the latter part of the nineteenth century. It rejected the poetry and spiritual themes of previous eras, and instead valued common language and domestic situations. Naturalism is often described as “slice of life” drama. Its goal was to create a perfect representation of life, from the authenticity of the characters’ speech to the detail of the setting (Packard et al 356). Strindberg’s Miss Julie was written in 1888, and it serves as an excellent example of the naturalist style due ...

Realism has to do with the expression of truth in the most accurate way possible as it avoids unnecessary exaggerations and overstatements .In gives unbiased details about the day-to-day lives and experiences of ordinary human beings in their normal and natural environment so vividly and truly. Anti-realism is against a reality which is objective in the objective terms. It maintains that the issue of universal truth is void. To them realities are subjective in nature that is truthfulness and falsehood depend on other things and -circumstances surrounding what is said to be true. It adds that truthfulness of something ...

“The Awakening” was written in an age when women allow society to dictate how they should behave and feel. In one summer Edna changed from a woman voided of feelings to one overwhelmed by her feelings, so much so that she feels she could no longer live in this society.

“The Awakening” is a book written long before its time; it is a satire of the prudish New Orleans’ society of the nineteenth century. In his essay, Robert Cantwell says: “The book was banned from library circulation, and the author refused admittance to the St. Louis Arts Society. Mrs. Chopin was disgusted, ...

The artistic and scholastic novelty which swathed Europe in the 14th to 17th century (Wikipedia, 2012) led to the creation of some finest artefacts and portraitures. With the emergence of great artists, architects and sculptors, a new horizon was discovered to express the beauty of nature and repercussions of middling life (Perry, retrieved 2012). The existing art was augmented with the concepts of light and shadow (Vasari, 1568). In depth observation of nature bestowed the cosmic genre of depicting human anatomy through paintings and statues. Legendary artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael lionised the power and scope of ...

Muzeum Narodowe, Poznan, Poland

The painting depicts three young women (girls) gathered around a chessboard with an older appearing woman looking on. The two girls in the utmost foreground appear to be playing each other in the chess game. The girl on the left, the tallest one, is staring straight at the viewer and smiling. The girl on the right, middle height, is looking at the girl on the left and has her hand raised, perhaps conceding the game or questioning a move. The way her mouth is represented suggests that she is speaking. The question of why the girl on the right has her ...

This essay deals with the notion of naturalism in Tennessee Williams’ play A Streetcar Named Desire. Through a realistic portrayal of characters and their suffering due to social issues which are out of their control, Williams managed to create deeply believable characters the audience can very easily connect to. Since the idea of naturalism in drama is exemplified in the notion of realness and truthful portrayal of a situation, this drama offers plenty of examples of naturalism, such as Blanche being a relic of the old South which is dying, and Stanley being the new, emerging, animalistic working class antagonist, prone to ...

There are some who may believe that the Middle Ages was severely lacking in cultural expression - that "There was no creative thinking and writing, no artistic expression, and no developments in science and technology" during that period. This can be attributed to the perspective that the Middle Ages consisted primarily of a feudal system that put down the poor at the expense of the rich; also, events such as the Black Plague tore a hole through Europe so wide that it is thought people simply did not have the time or the education to engage in artistic or creative endeavors. ...

Over the course of the 13th century in Italy, there was a big move towards naturalism in the art, particularly religious art, which attempted to free itself of the conservative, limited scope of Byzantine art into a new realm of realism. This gradual change in art is very indicative of the shift in society itself that Italy was experiencing at the time, as it was slowly but inexorably moving towards the Renaissance. Painters were struggling to express the new attitudes that were being expressed by the people and those in power, which were different from strict religious iconography, opting instead to ...

The Hamilton readings portray the Enlightenment as both a path breaking and somewhat contradictory era. This was a period of intellectual development and philosophy in the eighteenth century. They believed in rationalism, reasoning and use of science in bringing about change and progress in society. The theory was influential in the three areas:

Society and moral science: They saw the study of man as the key to understanding society. A man’s emotions and knowledge was as a result of his experience, or empiricism. Men had been corrupted by wrong morals, models and laws and this knowledge needed to be changed ...