Essays on Oceanography

The paper addresses dive behavior of loggerhead turtles which are threatened species, and are distributed in temperate ocean basins. Within Pacific, loggerheads commonly comprises of two different genetic stocks; a South Pacific stock mainly originating from breeding sites within New Caledonia and Australia, and a North Pacific stock mainly originating from breeding sites within Japan.

Advances within satellite transmitter technologies have enabled researchers to gather geospatial data on loggerheads within different oceanic and coastal regions. This information have offered more understanding on turtle ecology, which have provided a way to explain migration trends during their life stages. Previous findings within the North ...

Alfred Wegener was a proficient German natural scientist in the field of Geology, astronomy and meteorology. He first presented his theory of continental drift in 1912. His significant scientific contribution was a unified theory for the continents origin. Harry Hess was significant in the postwar revolution in the earth sciences. He initially drew up theories utilizing the considerable discoveries on ocean floor nature. He discovered 160 flat-topped summits on the bed of ocean, referred to as guyots.

Phoenicians are commonly known because of oceanography. These were the first individuals to navigate the seas and their civilization was based the life ...

The rise of deep, cold water towards the surface to replace water is called an upwelling (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2013). Successful fisheries all over the globe are situated in areas with strong coastal upwelling due to the presence of highly productive marine systems. Oxygen-depleted conditions and available diverse electron donors, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic matter, favor processes involved in nitrogen loss resulting in high productivity of the ecosystem (Galán, Faúndez, Thamdrup, Santibañez, & Farías, 2014). Upwelling is caused by a variety of conditions. One is the replacement of warm surface water with cold ...

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Section: Introduction The growing concern of the world to global warming can be traced back to pollution. One of the most apparent is water pollution which affects three-fourths of the whole world. The ocean is where most of the human waste, be it intentional or unconsciously, goes. This waste is called marine debris. It does not only include human waste, but also the natural waste occurring in the environment which escalates as the degradation of the bodies of water continues. According to (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011), marine debris is any persistent solid material that is dumped ...

Introduction

Mechanics is a branch of physical science that deals with moving and stationary bodies influenced by forces. It is divided into two branches called dynamics and statics. Dynamics deals with moving bodies while statics deals resting bodies Mechanics also has a subcategory called fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics is the science concerning the behavior of fluids. It could be fluid statics when it tackles about the body at rest. On the other hand, it could be fluid dynamics when the fluid body being studied is in motion. Fluid mechanics is a study regarding the behavior of material that can bend and ...

Geography is one of the ancient earth science. The word ‘Geo’ meaning ‘Earth’ and ‘graphy’ meaning ‘to describe’ was first used by Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar in third century B.C. Geography is basically the study of the earth’s surface and associated changes and impacts associated with it. It is the study of the interactions of all physical and human phenomena and also the landforms created during these interactions. Physical geography is one of the main discipline of geographical science. It is mainly concerned with the study of the spatial patterns of weather and climate, soils and vegetation, water in ...

My Oceanography professor, not a very inspiring and informative individual, has led an interesting and worthwhile life. He appears so sure of what he teaches and is so passionate about his work, one would believe that this was his life’s calling from the moment he was born. However, being an oceanographer was not my professor’s primary goal from the moment he could walk and talk. He was not one of those people who became doctors with a story of how he got a stethoscope for Christmas as a child and, as he played with it, he knew he wanted to grow ...

Theb Great 1964 Alaska Earthquarke

Introduction The Prince William Sound region in Alaska went down in North American books of history on March 27, 1964 for experiencing a fatal earthquake. The magnitude of the earthquake rated on various scales, but the moment magnitude rated it at 9.2mm. The epicenter was located approximately 10km to the east of college Fiord, Valdez 90km to the west of the epicenter and anchorage 120 Km to the east as fig 1.1 shows. The bearing of the epicenter was Lat. 61.04N, Long. 147.73W with an estimated depth of 25KM (American Society of Civil Engineers & Schiff 1991). At the time ...

Introduction

Our knowledge of ocean life is limited to big fishes and salty water. However, with new discoveries it is now evident that ocean life is mainly kept in balance by microorganisms. Billions of micro, nano and singular celled organisms called planktons are the primary producers of the marine fish web. Any living being in order to survive needs energy in the form of food and on earth the sole supplier of energy is the Sun. Be it ocean food chain or terrestrial food chain it always start with the sun. In case of terrestrial chains plants and weeds are ...

- Analyze two of nine new challenges emerging from climate change and how these two challenges can be responded. Give some examples. The climate is changing, and it's not a distant phenomenon which might take place one day in future years, it is happening right now. This change which is mostly caused by human activity is definitely one of the greatest global challenges of our time resulting in global problems of the mankind: the increase of average overall temperature, level of the oceans, melting of glaciers, declining crop yields and other ghastly devastating repercussions. Hereinafter two challenges resulting from ...

An Article Review

Kurtosis in Descriptive Statistics

Kurtosis is defined as the measure of “peakedness” of a distribution. It is defined as the fourth population moment about the mean and calculated as per the formula given below. β2 = – (Decarlo, 1997), where E is expectation operator, µ is the mean, µ4 is the fourth moment about the mean, and is the standard deviation. The normal distribution has a kurtosis of 3 and β – 3 (denoted by γ2) is often calculated so as to refer to a normal distribution with kurtosis of zero.

The kurtosis is now considered an important tool in the study of descriptive statistics. ...

Final Exam Geology

Patterns of Surface Ocean Currents

Surface currents are found in the upper four hundred meters of an ocean body and they form major patterns such as eddies, upwelling, and gyres (Garrishon, 2007). Surface currents result from wind energy that is concentrated in both north and south hemispheres forming trade winds which are easterlies and westerlies (Garrishon, 2007). Waves on the sea surface transfer some of the energy from the moving air to the water by friction. Pulling of wind on the surface of ocean causes an accumulation of water with the water displaced underneath the wind forming the movement. ...