Essays on Oil Spillage

Question #1

Hazards posed when one interacts with hazardous materials available at the refinery and related facilities, including the by-products, incident fire and release of acidic gas. Crude oil consists of petroleum hydrocarbons. When the products are discharged into the environment through leakage, spillage, or combustion; physical, chemical as well as biological activities occur. The aliphatic compounds in crude oil react with oxidizing compounds like nitric acid, oxygen or heat; they burn to generate carbon II Oxide and water. Sulfur in crude oil burns in air to produce sulfur dioxide. At about 400 – 500 ppm, exposure to sulfur oxide is considered ...

A critical Evaluation of the response to Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Introduction The oil industry plays a significant role in providing the oil used as fuel in other major industries that drive the economy. Due diligence and utmost care are among the guiding principles that regulate the industry as any problem may have adverse effects on the environment as well as human and animal life. However, due to unavoidable circumstances, the oil spillage sometimes occurs with devastating results on the seabed and the animal life that lives under the waters. The Deepwater Horizon is one of the worst accidents that happened in the oil production and processing industry. It happened ...

British Petroleum is a multinational corporation that was founded in 1908. It initially had its single wells in the remote parts of Persia. The company slowly grew and within eight years it became one of the largest businesses in the world. It has been broadly divided into three main subsections that include oil exploration and production; gas, power, renewables and oil refining; and marketing section. All these departments work together to ensure that the company achieves its objectives. Since 1995, the company has been in the capable hands of John Browne, who has been its CEO until his untimely ...

Introduction

The nationwide pipeline system in the USA has been constructed to transport the natural gas, oil, and refined petroleum products. This constitutes about 71% of the refined products and oils are being transported with about 100% natural gas of the consumption in the USA. The three sectors that are involved in the transportation of these energy products are; operators of the gas transmission pipelines, operators of hazardous liquids in the pipeline and the distributors of gas utilities. An approximate of 299,000 miles and 171,000 miles are offshore gas transmission and liquid onshore pipelines respectively. This operates in ...

A government gains its legitimacy to govern if it can ensure the general safety of all its citizens not only with respect to planned aggressions but also emergency cases. The Social Contract Theory as espoused by John S. Locke stipulates that there is always a contract between governments and the people such that while the people pay taxes and cede some of their rights to the state, the state protects them and punishes those who transgress against them. Therefore, it is incumbent upon every administration to fulfill their part of the bargain and ensure the safety of all citizens. ...

Business should plan for Unexpected

This article revolves around the social corporate responsibility of an organization. The main theme is the need of the organization to take care of the unexpected catastrophes. The article clearly advice organizations to create emergency response plans which could help them handle any unexpected situation facing their operations in future (Ellen, 2011). It is therefore important for every corporate to come up with clear communications plan to assist them to overcome unexpected problems facing their organizations. Nevertheless, there is great need for managers and the entire employees of an organization to know in advance the safety in any ...

Introduction

Tourism is comparatively recent development in the Far North. In the last 15 years, the numbers of tourists have been increasing to experience the spectacular wildlife, landscapes and pursue the unique settings of Arctic. In the year 2000, the Arctic tourist count has reached above 1.5 million, with the northern Fennoscandia drawing around 70% of them. The Arctic cruise ship traffic has increased from 50 ships in the year 2004 to around 250 in 2007, most of them in Greenland and Nunavut (Canada). Most of the tourists travel to Arctic during the summers, when they can enjoy and pursue ...

- Maritime Administration: - Describe Nigeria’s maritime governance structure with emphasis on its maritime administration, The Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) is the primary regulatory and promotional maritime agency. The merger of National Maritime Authority and Joint Maritime Labor Industrial Council that was the former parastatals of the Federal Ministry of Transport created this Agency on 1 August 2006. It is supervised by the Federal Ministry responsible for Marine Transportation. (Please see the attached Addendum A). . - Including: - Staff, The Agency has a Governing Board of a Chairman and a Director from the Federal Ministry ...

- Global Statistics on Oil Spill and the Nigeria River Delta Despite recent advancements in shipbuilding technology, the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has become one of the most recently publicized environmental fiascos in 2010. In the 1970s the number of oil tanker accidents has decreased significantly (i.e. below 138,000 tons of oil inputs in the ocean). The results were even better in 2009 where the amount of oil entering the ocean is estimated at about 63,000 tons (Jernelov, 2010). However, mishaps in tankers are not the only source of oil spill in ...

The Valdez Oil Spill and the Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill

Exxon Valdez was an oil tanker ship that measured 987 feet, this tanker had an oil spill on 24th of March 1989 in Prince William Sound of Alaska. This oil spill, at that time was deemed “the most devastating human caused accident, which shook every pillar of the environmental ecosystem.” (Raunekk and Swagatam, 2010). Another oil spill occurred in recent future events that cause devastating damage to the environment, on the 20th of April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig had an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Oil spills according to Sevhoo (2013), are caused, at least ...

What is water

Water is one of the most important sources of our life. The human body consists of from 78% to 55% water, depending on body size. All living things need water even more than food; hence, water is very valuable resource. Water covers over 70 percent of the earth, 96.5% of all water in our planet is in oceans. But only 2% of all Earth's water is drinkable ( ga.water.usgs.gov). In fact, people need water to drink, to wash our hands, to cook, in industrial use and many other things. Any changes in water quality adversely affect living organisms or make ...

The essay discusses why Midwest does not use the natural resources to generate electricity. The use of most natural resources leads to various effects in the environment and this may affect the quality of human life. The Midwest is very rich with fossil fuel and renewable resources. The resources can be utilized in a way that will improve the region’s economy. The Power Almanac has a design that allows the user to conduct explorations that can create opportunities to people. The thesis statement for the essay is; why are we as human beings not using natural resources in the Midwest ...

Introduction

For more than thirty years, Chevron Company has been making profits from the oil production but people of Ecuador have been suffering from the effects of this company. The company has been drilling oil in Ecuadorian Amazon between 1964 to 1990. In 2001, Chevron merged with Texaco in which they dumped a lot of toxic waste which was hazardous to the environment without considering the wellbeing of the people living around. The practices that the company was not friendly to the environment and above all they were again the laws of the land. This company subjected the environment to a lot ...

Question 6: Tylenol case: Identify two lessons derived from the way in which Johnson and Johnson handled public relation aspects of these tragedies? The first lesson learnt from this aspect of public relations is that any business organization ought to offer thorough explanations whenever an unexpected operational activity occurs. In this case, Johnson and Johnson sought out to communicate to the public about the poisoning incidents noted with their products. An addition lesson learnt from this case is that apology serves as the best tool in realizing the confidence of the public whenever a mistake has been realized. Johnson ...

CHAPTER III

Introduction The high incidence of oil spills have led to the adoption of different clean up techniques that help in the remediation process. However, the adoption of a specific method for the remediation of oil spill requires the systematic reviewing of the different literatures available and meta-analysed by the researchers. According to Graham (2010), the range of the different clean-up efforts varies widely depending on a number of factors that include oil type and density, water temperature, the volume of spill, proximity to shorelines, waves, currents, weather and speed of response among others. The systematic reviewing of the research studies ...

Environmental Effects of Conflicts and Wars

Conflicts faced by a country, be it international or civil, have effects on the environment. Most of the conflicts are caused by the scarcity of resources over which communities compete. This is evident in the conflicts faced by the farmers and pastoralists. Some of the nations fight over resources such as oil mines and water catchment areas. The growth of population at a faster rate than the resources leads to competition on the scarce resources. The pressure placed on the little available resources has a negative effect on the environment. The conflicts arising from the competition worsens the situation. During wars, ...

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

NEPA was created due to the increased concern and appreciation about wildlife and ecological system during the 1969. It is an environmental law that sought to promote environmental care through the establishment of a national policy. The Act seeks to lay done specific environmental goals and policies (Bass, Bogdan & Bass 2001). Secondly it provided for the formation of implementation and enforcement for the provided policies through relevant federal agencies. Finally, the Act, provided for the creation of Council on Environmental Quality attached to the President’s Office. The CEQ role is to advise the President on national status on ...

Introduction

Negligence refers to the act of perfuming an activity that can not be done by any reasonable person or doing the reverse to cause pain to another person. This is definitely a violation of one’s right and hence a legal action should be taken for such a person (McDonald, B., 2007). As a branch of civil law called tort, a case may qualify to be regarded as negligence if an incident involves more than just careless conduct, and involves a combination of the concepts of duty and breach of a well established law. These are some of the grounds upon which a case can be based ...

Introduction

Drilling for oil is a hazardous job that can sometimes created massive environmental disaster. Because of the high marketable profit that oil offers safety laws are ignore at crucial times. Consequently, oil spills among other accidents happened destroying ecosystems, harming animal life and sometimes human loses. Oil spills not only harm animal life but can also destroy the economy of a given region and create physical and psychological problems for the residents of those areas. Deep Water Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is one among many spills that have become history because of its horrific effect on animal ...