Essays on Old Testament

The Epic of Gilgamesh is a literary work in the form of a poem traced to ancient Mesopotamia. It is believed to be one of the earliest literary pieces in the history of the world. It was authored originally in the Sumerian Cuneiform language dated between 2700BCE to 2500 BCE. The protagonist of the myth is one Gilgamesh, an ancient ruler, and warrior who ruled the city-state of Uruk. He is revered for having built the magnificent temples and massive walls of Uruk (Gardner & Maier 1984). The Old Testament, on the other hand, is widely borrowed from Torah which ...

e The definition of the word “canon” was developed as a description for books that are divinely inspired and belong in the Holy Bible. The Bible was written by nearly 40 different writers over the length of 1500 years, which was why there was a considerable amount of difficulty in determining what was Biblical canon. What made it difficult was that the Bible did not explicitly state which books belonged in the holy text. Jewish rabbis and scholars were the first to conduct a process to determine the canon, which was later continued by the early Christians. Ultimately, God ...

The Epistle to Hebrews is one of the most beautiful parts of the New Testament. While there is no common opinion on its authorship, it is usually attributed to Paul the Apostle The speaker in Hebrews 10 acts as a teacher addressing his message to Jewish Christians who suffered from severe persecution (MacArthur, n.d.). He outlines the benefits of the New Testament in contrast to the old sacrifices (ultimate vs. temporary forgiveness) and urges Hebrews to shore up their faith. According to Mitchell (2007), the message is presented in the form of exposition (10:1-18), suggesting Christ’s superiority to ...

As unique as Judaism and Christianity are within the religions of the modern world in their commonality, they are at the same time diverse. Monotheistic religions, they both share Jerusalem as their birth place. They both share the Old Testament as part of their Biblical foundations. Additionally, they share in having one day of the week serve as their Sabbath. As much as they share they are different. While the Old Testament provides a foundation for what will become Christianity, the New Testament is actually the story of the Christian religion. As Christianity holds the birth of Christ as ...

The Christian Bible and Islamic Quran chare a surprising number of similar themes and ideas as a result of their shared religious heritage and birthplaces; an example of this is found in the Bible’s “Sermon on the Mount” parable from the Mathew Gospel and the Quran’s “Lord of Mercy”. It is important to note that the Lord of Mercy referenced by the Koran can include a number of passages, as Allah is directly references as the Lord of Mercy many times; unless specified otherwise, this report will refer primarily to the opening of the Koran for simplicity. ...

Objective

The word Passover is the theme of this document, and the document will be written in an expository outline that will be carried out with instances of revelation in the text.

Meaning(s) of The Passover at First Glance for Old Testament and New Testament of the Holy Bible

In the Old Testament of the Holy Bible, The Passover is usually seen the name of the event during which the children of Israel prepared a meal and offering for their Exodus from Egypt, written beginning in the book of Exodus. Events culminating in the Passover include the following; the ten plagues God placed upon Egypt, the death of the first born being the last of the plagues. ...

The Purpose of Apologetics

The modern word “apologetics” is derived from a Greek word which has the meaning of defending, making a reply in order to give an answer and legally defend. Originally, the notion “apologia” implied a defense in a legal way which was given as a response to the accusation. In its modern usage, apologetics has a wider range of meaning. In its wide scope of meaning, apologetics is a Christian theology branch which aim is to provide the defense of authority of Christianity, divine origin and rational justification of Christian faith claims. The goal of apologetics is to persuade of ...

1. The historical background of the book of Hebrews An understanding of the book of Hebrews is better achieved when one knowledgeable about its origin and the historical setting from which it was written. As many biblical scholars pointed out, there is a difficulty in interpreting the book of Hebrews because of the missing pieces that are necessary for its precise interpretation. Other than the uncertainty of its authorship, scholars were also uncertain about the intended recipient of the letter, though a closer examination would show that the author has a very close relationship with the recipient and shared ...

A steward is a person, who manages their wealth and other possessions wisely. God is the owner of all things on earth and ewe should respect him as the overall proprietor. A Christian can practice sound financial stewardship in various ways, according to the will of God. The paper covers ways in which a Christian can practice stewardship based on scriptures. It includes how various people interpret different scriptures. Lastly, the paper includes the lessons learned from the scriptures, which will be summarized into several basic stewardship principles.

Scriptures discussing ways of practicing stewardship

Stewardship can be practiced by giving or tithing faithfully to God ...

First concept that I want to discuss is Garveyism that played exceptional role in the development of Rastafarianism. Garveyism is a philosophy of Marcus Garvey, who is considered to be a visionary and messiah for Jamaican people. Garvey considered that African Americans and other black people – descendants of slaves, who were forcefully moved from Africa, had a right to return to their homeland. Garvey argued that people that do not know their history and past are like trees without roots; and the roots of black Americans were in African continent. He was a charismatic spokesman and leader and managed ...

Abstract

Christianity and Islam are both monotheistic religions with the same fundamental background, which are closely aligned as it relates to the presentation of the old testament, however, differing on points of the significance of Jesus and the path to salvation. It is important to understand how both of these religions view the interplay of faith, and modern medicine as it relates to health, wellness and healing. In essence, as both invest faith in an omnipotent and omnipresent God, who promises followers eternal life, both believe that prayer, faith, and the intervention of the divine are integrally involved in healing. ...

Bible is one of the few books that I read for guidance to take decisions related to my life. It was introduced to me by my mother. I have started by reading the new testament. Jesus is my hero in the bible. His life and teaching inspire me. With rest of the chapters that does not involve Jesus, helps me to understand the social and culture situation that prevailed during his time. Inspire of the primitive and narrow thoughts of people who existed in that time, Jesus was a liberal thinker. His teachings are relevant even today. I don’ ...

Introduction

Sexuality and Christianity - often these two topics are opposed. This is not surprising because the negative attitude towards sexual relations and sex-phobia, fear in relation to sexuality, negative attitudes towards sexuality accompany the entire history of the Christian churches. One theory of the fall of humanity says that the sin of Adam and Eve was that they have entered into a sexual relationship. (Kamitsuka, M.D., 2010, p.26) In turn, the Christian asceticism tried to instill in Christians a feeling of contempt for their own corporeality (by the way, another theory Fall states that "leather garments" that God gave ...

And their purpose, key verse(s), themes, objectives, context.

And their purpose, key verse(s), themes, objectives, context. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are the Four Christian Evangelists  and the authors of the four Gospels in the New Testament. The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are defined as the Synoptic Gospels, as they include many identical stories, sometimes even in the same progression. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are called evangelists, people who announce good news, as their books are to tell people the "good news" ("gospel") of Jesus Christ. The Gospel According to Matthew is the first gospel book of the New Testament. It tells the ...

Guetta Villa is a magnificent structure, built by order of American businessman Paul Getty in 1974. This building was built in Malibu, and it became part of the museum, which belonged to Getty. The building is a copy of the Villa of the Papyri, which was destroyed along with Pompeii. The museum presents ancient artifacts from Greco-Roman Empire. The collection includes a variety of statues, antique busts, collection of coins and jewelry and a huge library, where 20,000 volumes of works covering the art of that time presented. Collection is very interesting from the point of view of ...

The Old Testament discipline studies with its supporting archaeological, philological, literary technicians and historical are composed on the edge of new times which contains both threats and promises. It states that biblical texts were given fair opportunities to talk as a witness to the reality the bible was acknowledged to describe. This text was imperiled to appropriate scrutiny obtained from the textual criticism science, syntax, morphology, criticism form, and lexicography. The advantages obtained from these researchers were not without the significant benefits garnered from external control multitudes. Archaeology was good in the vanguard setting the Old Testament scholars pace ...

Human existence is marred by contradictions and Hesiod’s Pandora myth introduces man to the complexity of male-female relations as well as the futility of hope. This paper seeks to analyze Hesiod’s myth paying particular attention to the depiction of Pandora, the meaning of her name and the role that hope plays in man’s life. The paper further explores the parallels between Pandora and Eve of the Old Testament. The depiction of Pandora and Eve from the Old Testament is full of ambiguities that make it difficult to easily decipher whether they are intended to be good ...

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is one of the most famous novels by the American romantic writer. While the novel is well-known for its depiction of the relationships between the characters, and the romantic plots and subplots, the novel also has great value as a historical study of the Puritan period. Puritan society was a highly gendered society, with strict gender roles for men and women, and a well-established patriarchal society. Explorations of the novel, and of the depiction of Hester’s character, her punishment, and her actions in the novel can help reveal whether Hawthorne was realistically ...

Art is primarily seen as a depiction of the current on goings of people or what they face in their daily lives. Renaissance art is, therefore, a typical representation of the Renaissance period. During this period, European art was revived against a backdrop of economic growth. In this period, there was development of new technologies that steered various forms of art like philosophy, literature and much more. In this case, the art of painting seems to draw so much of our attention since it gives a more vivid picture of this particular period. Most forms of art were used ...

Smith, Augier & Nettleford in their article on Rastafarianism note that its beginnings were in the 1920s. While the movement is believed to have officially started in 1933 in Jamaica, the movement or rather religion, already had started. The country of Jamaica is believed to have had two specific individuals that guided the movement that has become known as Rastafarianism - Bedward and Marcus Garvey. In most contexts, the latter is more prominently discussed being regarded as the father of the movement. The idea behind Rastafarianism as Smith, Augier & Nettleford articulate is to proclaim African American nationalism and subsequently, the ...

Abstract

'Gothic' term represents medieval art that carries a strange history. The style of art developed in Northern France and spread to the rest of Western Europe. Late Gothic art expanded well into the 16th century before getting consumed by the Renaissance art. Gothic period carries splendid examples of sculptures, stained glass, fresco, panel painting, ivories and illuminated manuscripts. The essay offers a perspective on the popularity of Gothic ivories and how they encouraged the devotional practice. The ivory diptychs were used as sophisticated tools and were seen as physical vestiges of the divine. Gothic ivories were the visual cues ...

The construct of free will was studied and it was determined that the theory of undefined free will has conventionally been rejected and/or neglected in the theory of counseling and in the field of psychology; however, in the moral arena, the freedom of self-determinism and freedom of indeterminate free will are mutually exclusive concepts. From another perspective, indeterminate free will can also be perceived to be unidirectional, acting in the direction of self-violating, negative behavior, leading to immoral behavior (Wilks & Ratheal, 2011). Whenever an individual becomes self-absorbed, there is not consideration for anyone else even if that self-absorbed individual ...

Abstract

The Biblical teachings on love has in the Old Testament, Song of Songs are misinterpreted and applied wrongly in the Western culture. The Song of Songs asks that we should love our families and not do anything that threatens their happiness. However, the Western Culture does not follow that, people do things that hurt their families. That is the reason divorces and happiness are common in that culture. This paper discusses familial and spouse love as applied in the Culture of the West and in the Old testament. Furthermore, from the old testament we find that familes that obey ...

The Sermon on the Mount is the most famous of Jesus’s sermons presented in the New Testament. It covered such moral issues as anger and murder, adultery and lust, oaths and revenge, and many other keen issues that have been actual within the thousands of years to the present time. ("What is the Sermon on the Mount?", 2016) In the verses 27-30 of chapter 5 of the gospel according to Matthew, Jesus speaks about adultery and lust. He reminds His listeners about the Old Testament rules concerning this issue and explains it wider applying to His teaching. “You ...

The Response of the Victorian Churches to Charles Darwin’s Doubt

Pitch Contrary to the perception of the Victorian Era as one of the highlight of English Christianity and even morality among societies, the situation was not so behind closed doors. The people were beginning to question the Biblical inspirations and teachings based on Christian doctrines that had otherwise defined their existence and faith for centuries. Accordingly, the sources of doubt were twofold: there was a rapid development of biblical criticism, and the scientific discoveries were challenging cultural norms. Perhaps there was no original sin. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution presented an alternative for the European societies of the ...

The immorality of body tattooing

Evidence of mummified tattooed bodies shows that the art that people referred to as tattooing has existed for thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians did it, so did the Chinese. Indians, to this day are known for it through their artistic henna tattoos. Even the Samurais of Japan took up tattooing as a means of replacing their armor when they were disbanded (Ink Done Right). However, the question of whether tattooing one’s body is morally right or not is one that is yet to be answered. Many debates and discussions come up especially in regard to religion and tattooing.

Objections to my position

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Answer the Questions

Worldview is a set of creeds and acceptations that reflects people’s attitude to the outwards things. Worldview refers to such questions as the origin of the world, human beings, and living creatures, sense of life, God’s existence, moral issues, and absolutes. (Ministry)

Describe the various worldviews that we discuss in the class.

There are three types of worldview. They are naturalism, non-naturalism, and supernaturalism. Naturalism states that there are only natural things that exist, and studied by natural science. Most of scientists and philosophers are naturalists. Naturalism in religion can be represented by some branches of Buddhism and Taoism.

Non-naturalism assumes that some moral values exist and they are much higher than the natural values.

Supernaturalism proclaims at least one intellect existence beyond ...

Article Analysis

The cries of the goblin merchants give the story its haunting quality. Lizzie is more sensible than Laura, so she is more protective when it comes to heeding the cries, and she ends up protecting Laura.

Repeating Lizzie’s warnings over and over again provides an “aural lesson” for the reader, as well as for Laura.

There is some disagreement as to whether the nature of the cries is local in context or provides a larger comment about the class war. Rossetti’s poem is somewhere between the sounds of the streets around her and the literary evocations of that city that transform sounds into words. London had a reputation for being filled with a huge array of noises ...

Introduction

Human being is nothing but God’s creation. God has given guidance to the human beings through Holy Books so that they can lead their lives in the direction of those who are on the righteous path. Genesis is one of them, which reveals God’s message. God tests His creature no matter that he is a trivial human being or His messenger. Genesis has a chapter in which God’s test story has been discussed. The chapter is not a myth but it is the ‘Word of Almighty God.’ Isaac is the messenger of God and this chapter ...

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The central claim of supersessionism, an ancient Christian mindset that can be traced way back to the first century, is the forfeiture of God’s covenant with Jews due to their collective guilt over the death of Jesus (Cunningham 1). This ancient thinking could very well be found before the Second Vatican Council. It even found expression from Pope Pius X in a personal message to Theodor Herzl in 1904 – that the Jewish faith was the foundation of Christianity – but was replaced by the teachings of Christ (Cunningham 2). However, in the same verse in his epistle to the ...

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A New Relationship between Christians and Jews

The central claim of supersessionism, an ancient Christian mindset that can be traced way back to the first century, is the forfeiture of God’s covenant with the Jews due to their collective guilt over the death of Jesus (Cunningham 1). This ancient thinking can still be found before Vatican Council II and even found expression from Pope Pius X in a personal message to Theodor Herzl in 1904: “The Jewish faith was the foundation of our own, but it has been superseded by the teachings of Christ” (Cunningham 2). Saint Paul wrote ...

Introduction

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is a region which was, at first, a small poor and secluded location in Guangxi province. The region was the harbor of a great revolutionary decade which began when Hong Xiuquan; disappointed examination candidate in the civil service started developing visions about Christianity and capitalized on this to form his own profound political ideology. Hong believed that he was the little brother of Jesus who was sent to save China and with this mindset; he started offering teachings to members of that province (Geng 46). With the advancement of time, in 1847, his friend Feng ...

Myths have been around longer than just about every other form of literature. From the beginning, it is clear that humanity has wanted some sort of explanation for the way the world works, and myths have long served that purpose. Whether it is the myth of Apollo driving his chariot across the sky each day to explain the bright light that traverses the sky (and to provide some sort of comfort that the gods are running things, even though the Greek gods certainly were not the benevolent sort) or the myth of Hades and Persephone’s twisted love that ...

Introduction

The make-up of the canon of the New Testament (NT) was influenced by numerous factors. People should understand that the formation of the NT canon did not take place abruptly. Instead, the development of the NT canon was a lengthy process, which comprises of hundreds of years towards its development. For a long period, there has been a misconception that a council come together and made decisions concerning the books that will be included in the Bible and those that will be left out. Contrariwise, the formation and development of the NT canon were an evolutionary process that constituted ...

The Old Testament is believed to have been written before the time of Jesus (BC). Different books in this period of time feature known faithful and prophets such as Abraham, Moses, David and his son Solomon. The book of Ecclesiastics, in the Old Testament, has been regarded as one of the most controversial books in the bible. Officially, it is believed to have been authored by a Hebrew named Qoheleth. However, given the style of writing and the way the author evokes the reader’s emotion, most people believe the book was authored by none other than Solomon. The ...

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Fasting or the deliberate abstinence from food is believed to have been practiced by man for as long as history can tell (Bragg & Bragg 48). According to scholars, fasting is a universal practice that is observed by almost all people in the world for a variety of reasons (Piper 30). Hindus and Muslims observe fasting for religious reasons. Even American Indians and the natives of New Guinea have been observing fasting as a form of religious rituals and practices (Piper 31). Fasting is a prevalent practice that it is also observed even for non-religious reasons. Fasting, for ...

Religion is an organized system of practices and behaviors, ceremonies, world views, mythologies, ethics, holy place, and sacred tests that relate to humanity. Different religious groups are made up of various elements. The elements may differ on grounds of what is being worshiped, sacred things, and divinity. All religions have their practices, and these may include sermons, sacrifices, festivals, rituals, initiations, matrimonial services, prayer, music, and dance (Doyle 107). In most instances, religious groups will always have sacred history and narratives, which tend to be preserved in sacred books, and holy place (Jung 112). Through religion, the origin of ...

The holiday plays a role in the process of socialization of the person, the perception of his role and relationship to social groups. With its emotional background, entertainment, unconventionality, often accompanied by joy and abundance, ability to use various benefits that are unavailable in ordinary time, gifts and entertainment and deviations from the usual rules restricting the behavior of people, holiday for many centuries attracts children and young people, deeply etching into their memory. It is a very important reason to identify oneself with other people – in the days of the feast, young people, often more clearly than in ...