Essays on Opioids

Analgesics and opioids have been widely used for the treatment and management of chronic pain in the healthcare sector. Opioids provide better and faster relief to patients with chronic pain compared to non-opioid analgesics. However, the long-term effects of opioids can be devastating. Cancer patients often require comprehensive treatment with respect to pain management. Opioids is considered as the gold standard for most cancer patients with chronic pain which may relate to improved quality of life and improved patient satisfaction. Opioids have a history for substance abuse and the same appears to be a risk to cancer patients. Based ...

Outcomes that have been developed and utilized to measure progress on the issue

The first step that has been taken to address the issue is the change of perception towards opioids and pain management. According to Swan & Hamilton (2016), currently, pain cannot be perceived as a form of symptom but it has to be viewed as an illness. In this regard, the stakeholders in the health sector have acknowledged the misuse of opioid in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disease disorders such as fibromyalgia. In addition, there is an immense concern on the abuse of opioids such as heroin and other prescription pain medication by the public. This has forced state agency ...

Effect heat has on nociceptors

Nociceptors are pain receptors activated by neuropathic or nociceptive stimuli released during pain towards impending or actual tissue injury (Dubin, 2010). Nociceptors frequently are related to the perception of pain are evoked when the pressure and temperature are at a level considered extreme that can cause injuries to tissues and secondly by toxic molecule and inflammatory mediators. In most instances, these injuries concentrate on one section of the skin, blocking the flow of blood. Heat or cold assists in subsecond somatopic withdrawal response the two act as stimuli to depolarize outer terminals resulting in the production of the receptor ...

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Substance abuse is one of the most harmful phenomena of a society. It can also be considered as substance-related disorder, and is related to abuse of drugs, tobacco, and/or alcohol that can lead to harmful outcomes. Estimates show that over 8 million children in the U.S. have one of the parents having substance-related disorder. Substance abuse can result in significant problems in a family as, for example; it can lead to separation of partners, problems in raising the children, employment problems, and severe levels of conflict in the society (Donohue et al., 2014). It has been ...

December 11, 16

Abnormal Psychology Media Promotions Affecting Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity Parenting Magazine Article Lay Audience Media Promotions Affecting Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity Eating habits are greatly influenced by what people see online or on TV. Media covers a variety of things, from products helpful in losing weight to junk food and enticing eatables. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the effect of media on people in terms of their dietary habits. This paper addresses the cause-effect relationship between media and weight-related issues. Eating disorders and obesity are the most discussed topics nowadays, especially among children and adolescents. Our society has ...

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Chronic pain is a condition of pain caused by an unresolved injury. Usually, a pain is considered chronic, if it persists for more than 3 months. It is not only a symptom of other problems but can be a syndrome having both physical as well as psychological dimensions. In order to evaluate the chronic back pain, detailed history of the patient has to be taken and thorough physical assessment has to be done (Buttaro, 2013).

Evaluation of a patient with back pain

Pain assessment can be done by the use of a mnemonic device, PQRST. P is related to provocative-palliative factors such as ...

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Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...

Opioids are the most common modern analgesics because they help patients deal with pain after surgery or during the treatment of cancer and other diseases. In contrast, opioids also cause addiction and dependence. The main problem is that opioids rapidly cause dependence, which results in destruction of a human’s health. Opioids are psychoactive drugs that improve the human condition, but it causes destruction to a human health and stimulates addicts to take part in criminal activities. Opioids were used for medical purposes in ancient practice nearly 6000 years ago. At first, opioids were considered a godsend because it ...

Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Hall K, Stein C. Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain. JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain Wayne A. Ray, PhD1; Cecilia P. Chung, MD, MPH2; Katherine T. Murray, MD2,3; Kathi Hall, BS1; C. Michael Stein, MB, ChB2,3 [+] Author Affiliations JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

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Abstract ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONCLUSIONS | ARTICLE INFORMATION | REFERENCES Importance  Long-acting opioids increase the risk of unintentional overdose deaths but also may increase ...

Response to other PPT 332

Funding CHIP The discussion covers the essence of the insurance fund that is significant to children. The program covers various areas including, healthcare, physical therapy, dental care, language and speech therapies and occupational therapy. The issue with the Children Health Insurance Program (CHIP) highlights the plight of children. There is the need to renew the approach that the Congress uses when funding the program. Often the program is funded in line with Medicare and Medicaid The potential stakeholders for the program concerned 18-year-old children. In the US, they are more than 8 million children who have no insurance aids ...

Marijuana should be legalized for recreational use because it is a relatively safer drug and can help to relieve stress better than smoking cigarettes, plus its common use might prevent people from smoking lethal drugs. Aspirin is used to relieve fever and pain, such as a headache, toothache, the common cold, etc. An overdose or allergic reaction to the drug can cause a rash, heartburn, upset stomach, nausea, gastritis and even lead to bleeding. It may even lead to Reye’s syndrome (WebMD). Morphine and Opioids are used for pain-relief and mostly as analgesics when a person is in ...

The information presented in the brochure is very informative; it emphasizes the role of pain management in patient-centered care and clarifies the position of The Joint Commission on standards in pain management. The brochure also gives a historical background to standards in pain management and the progress in development and adoption of better standards. It also highlights ongoing debates in the medical community such as whether pain should be considered a vital sign. Under treatment of pain is a major challenge in the endeavor to increase the quality of health services and make it patient-centered. Standards in pain management ...

Abstract

The term "opiate" combines substance extracted from opium, the most important of which is morphine, codeine, papaverine, which is widely used as medicines and paramorphine - used mainly in medical industry to produce medications, as well as synthesized derivatives of morphine, which belong to the semi-synthetic opiates and among which the most famous for their narcotic properties is heroin. Substances, differ in structure from the structure of morphine but operating on a similar mechanism (through opioid receptors), are belonged to the opioids (Kuehn, 2007). A rich lexicon of slang in relation to opiates (especially heroin) reflects not only the " ...

The issue of drug abuse and addiction in the United States has become much more relevant in the past few years. Drugs and the drug crisis were for the longest time, something which was limited geographically, socially and racially. Which is to say that drugs were only a “problem” in the inner city. In the 1980s, this was symbolized by the so-called crack epidemic which ravaged the poorer and most fragile communities in the country. The issue of drug abuse in the United States is important because of how much it impacts the lives of people in all different ...

Abstract

The high prevalence of substance use in the society has made more users to depend on opioid drugs to relieve pains and discomfort because of addiction. The problem contributes to high number of hospital visits and increasing admission rates in hospital’s acute care departments. The following paper aims at reviewing the literature on the acute pain management in chronic pain patients and opioid dependent patients. The outcome of the review plays a critical role in the field nursing practice by assisting professionals to develop strategies that help prevent adverse effects for the patient suffering from acute pain. The ...

The current documentary “Chasing Heroin” aired by Frontline PBS offers a glimpse on an array of issues aligned with heroin use and misuse. Precisely, the documentary showcases the manner in which heroin addicts struggles with the repercussions of heroin addiction. The documentary is based on confessions from heroin addicts, government officials, family members, and clinicians on pertinent issues regarding heroin addiction. From the documentary, it is evident that the lives of millions of populates are severely impacted by heroin addiction. The severity of heroin addiction is evident in cases where heroin addicts die painful deaths. A man featured in ...

Individuals with advanced age are prone to acquire a spectrum of illnesses due to a decline in their body functions. This group requires a thorough care management from the health care system to overcome further consequences. In such context, the present description deals with a topic entitled ‘Nutrition and Hydration in Older Adults’

Significance to nursing students:

This topic is important to nursing because nurse serve as the ideal candidates who could provide the care and warmth needed for the patients of this particular old age. In the nurse profession, geriatric nurses are special category of nurses who assist the older patients. The ...

Introduction

At an old age, multiple medical medicals are almost unavoidable. The wellness of the body reduces and several elements may contribute to the ill condition of the individual. The elderly need special care with proper medical interventions. Geriatrics is a specialty aiming at resolving medical issues for old people. It is significant in promoting prevention as well as treatment of diseases in older adults. The medical wellness for the elderly is affected by some factors. One of the most sensitive factors influencing the participation of older individuals in medication regimen is the irresponsiveness of the body to the drugs. ...

Introduction

Palliative care is associated with two major components. The first component is related to the emotional and psychological care of the patient and family members. The second component is based on the identification of pain and utilizing pain relief interventions based on current evidence. Palliative care is mainly provided by healthcare providers with a support from a team of experts trained and experienced in palliative care (Kwon, 2013. p. 910). The main objective of palliative care is relieve the patient from pain and pain symptoms. Palliative care and effective pain management are the cornerstones for a terminally-ill patient. The ...

Section 2. Drug Metabolism

1. i. Referring to the primary literature, investigate the metabolism of paracetamol; Using a diagram as an aid, explain the metabolism of paracetamol noting the types of reaction (functionalisation, conjugation) and enzyme families (CYP, UGT, SULT) involved in these pathways. There are two primary metabolic pathways for paracetamol within the liver – the first and most common is glucuronidation, wherein the paracetamol binds to the glucuronic acid enzyme. Sulfation, which accounts for most of the rest of these occasions, has the paracetamol combining with a sulphate to form a nontoxic conjugate (Hendrickson et al., 2006). (Hendrickson e al., 2006) ii. ...