Essays on Organelle

Peroxisome is one of the membrane organelles of the eukaryotic cell. It is a small (about 0.2 – 1.5 micron) elliptic body bounded by a membrane. The core of the peroxisome is often made of the crystal-like structures. They located in the center of the organelle and are covered by granular matrix. Peroxisomes exist both in plant and animal cells; their amount varies between 70-100 organelles per cell. In humans and mammals the highest concentration of peroxisomes is found in liver and kidneys. Detoxification is one of the main functions of this organelle. It contains the enzyme called catalase that ...

Cells are the building blocks of many structures in biology. In their most basic classification, there are prokaryote and eukaryote cells. These two cell types differ in their structure. Prokaryotes typically consist of ribosomes, a cell membrane, and nucleic material. On the other hand, eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles, such as Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, a nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. Both types of cells also have nucleic acid as a form of genetic material. The prokaryote has circular DNA which is not associated with histone proteins; whereas the eukaryote has linear DNA with histone proteins present to help organize and protect ...

Abstract

This examination paper acknowledges the spectacular diversity of reproductive adaptations for survival of various categories of land plants. It describes a typical life cycle of a land plant that reproduces via spores. It also identifies the different parts of Plant organs and their functions such as cell organelles, parts of a land plant, and epidermal cells. A microscope is an important tool for examination of biological specimens, including cell’s internal structures called organelle and is important in magnifying the focused area. Plants are classified into four main groups, namely, ferns, mosses, flowering and confers. This paper finds that ...

There is no doubt that photosynthesis is believed to be the only storage of the solar energy processes on earth, and as well as the source of food and energy resources (Blankenship 434). This understanding concerning the origin and evolution of photosynthesis is critical in explaining all the complex paths followed by photosynthetic process.

The origin of life and photosynthesis

The origin of life is traceable to the origin and evolution of the process of photosynthesis. It is believed that the early atmospheric originally composed of neutral gases, mainly carbon dioxide and nitrogen (Hartman 516). However, critics questioned the probability of the occurrence of the ...

Lipids insolubility in water is general. Lipids structure has great number of variety. There are two types of fatty acids naturally, may be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated acids have lesser melting point than saturated ones. There are two polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic and linoleic, their absence in the human diet has been associated with health problems so they designated essential. Their absence can cause scaly skin, increased dehydration and stunted growth.

Lipids and oxidation of carbohydrates provide all needed energy to the human body. Lipids are primarily energy reserves and carbohydrates are readily available source of energy. Lipids have ...

These two readings emphasize on how it is interesting to know that cell evolution research is advancing in new and exciting ways at the intersection of genomics, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and microbiology. The aim of the papers is to reexamine one of the more revolutionary conjectures made to account for the origin of the complicated kind of cell that is the structural unit of the higher animals and plants. The first reading is entitled “Origin of eukaryotic cells: 40 years on”, the paper is authored by John M. Archibald. The book is aimed at discussing the ...

Introduction

Mitochondrion plays vital roles in the performance of tissue. It is important, therefore, that their isolation and study are advanced to correct anomalies that arise out of the mitochondria failure. Instances of a mitochondria failure in neuronal tissue have been reported to cause anomalies such as epilepsy and ageing. Since mitochondria is responsible for the production of ATP in the cells, failure or inefficiency of these organelles causes a dysfunction in their component tissue leading to some ailment in the host organism. Many methods exist for the extraction and observation of mitochondria, some of these methods include, differential centrifugation and the ...

Genes are contained in an organelle referred to as mitochondria. This organelle is responsible for providing the body with the energy needed to run all the cellular activities. Mitochondria contain their own genome that is specific to a particular organism. This is essentially distinct from the nuclear genome that is obtained from both the father and mother and is harbored in the nucleus; as the mitochondrion genes are inherited exclusively from the mother. mtDNA occur in numerous numbers in the cell owing to their small size and they do not undergo recombination. They are the genetic markers that have been ...

- Describe the role of the following in protein synthesis - DNA, nucleotides, RNA, ribosomes, rough ER, and Golgi apparatus. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a double stranded hereditary molecule containing the genetic code from which specific protein molecules are synthesized. First step in protein synthesis is synthesis of single stranded complementary RNA. RNA also contains all the components of DNA except a ribose sugar. Special RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message to ribosomes. Under mRNA’s direction, transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers amino acids to ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) attaches each amino acid to form the final ...

Discussion of the Dynamics of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Mitochondria

Introduction The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of an organism forms an interconnected membrane network that extends from the outermost nuclear to the periphery cell wall. Mitochondria are a group of cell organelles that undergo fusion and fission at a constant rate. . In plants, daily regulation of energy is important for optimal growth thus mitochondria are important for integral regulation of the cellular responses for the survival of the plant. . In this paper, we are going to discuss the dynamics of ER and the mitochondria in plants by looking at the importance of Lat.B, AA and MV regulation energy in treated and ...

Introduction

The basic unit of life is essentially the cell. A cell membrane surrounds all the cells. The cell membrane is thus semi permeable hence this allows certain substances to pass and blocking others into the cell. This cell membrane is composed of phospholipids that are a double layer embedded in proteins. Plant cells on their part contain an additional layer called cell wall that surrounds them. An organelle in cell biology is actually a specialized subunit or structure, which is found within a cell and has a specific function. Therefore, a cell organelle refers to a membrane bound structure or compartment in a cell which performs a ...

1.0 Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells Organelles are special compartments surrounded by a bilipid membrane which separates them from the rest of the cell which carry out specific functions. An example of an organelle is the mitochondria which are known to be the “powerhouse of the cell.” They have their own genome (mtDNA) and are semiautonomous. They are said to have evolved from a free α proteobacterium like organism (Takasugi, Yagi, et al., 2010). The word mitochondria is derived from two Greek words: “mitos” which means thread and “chondros” which means “grain”. These two words offer an apt description of the morphology ...

Background

In a recent documentary published by National Geographic about the trails of the DNA, particularly in Africa, a lot of facts and correlations between races were discovered. The documentary focused on three races: the Africans, Europeans and the Asians. The researchers theorized that majority of humans in this planet have African origins, at least by looking at their mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome structures. This paper will focus on the different aspects of DNA; what is a DNA and why its journey is such a good one to follow.

Basic Information about DNAs

DNA is a type of nucleic acid located inside cells of living organisms. It is a ...

Actin in Plant Cells

Actin, one of the most abundant proteins, occurs in all eukaryotic cells constituting almost five percent of cellular protein. Actin is the predominant component of the cytoskeleton. It is worth noting that the all-important cytoskeleton of a plant has three principal components; actin filament, microtubules and intermediate filaments (Jeon, 2003). As a component of the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells, actin is of crucial importance in a plethora of cell processes that act in concert to govern cell growth and morphology. The cell processes influenced by the actin cytoskeleton include; cell division, organelle movement, vesicle trafficking, organelle motility, and cell signaling, ...

Introduction

Cilia are ancient and evolutionarily conserved organelles which are found on cell surface. This organelle project from those cell surfaces to provide multifunctional biological roles in the organism. An important role that cilia has been known to perform for cells are the locomotion, sensation and reproduction. The implication of the defect in the cilia is that the cell that tend to depend on the organelles for proper performance will be limited in it role. There are many diseases that have been found to be associated with cilia defects. Since cilia occurred as important organelles of many cells, majority of ...