Essays on Paternalism

The ethical issue is derived from whether doctors should have hard paternalism over patient autonomy when a decision could negatively affect the patient’s health goals. Some of the pertinent ethical facts in the case of whether Mrs. B may be taken off of life support is as followed:

Does Mrs.B have a living will and has her daughter inquired for it? If Mrs. B has a living will, some state’s jurisdiction will insist that any directions in it must not be compromised by her daughter's decisions.  Does Mrs. B's condition render the requirements necessary to prompt the ...

Paper 2

Ontario’s HPV Vaccination Program In this paper, I present arguments that are supportive of the ethical inappropriateness of the Ontario government’s HPV vaccination initiative. I also aim at revealing the ineffectiveness of the program as a public health strategy constructed to combat cervical cancer. The program is ineffective in combating cervical cancer because the interventions arising from the screening program poses risks on women and especially the ones of childbearing age. In addition, I will use the utilitarian approach to support my views. In September 2007, the Ontario Liberal Government began a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination ...

Paternalism is defined as a relationship between authority figures and their sub ordinates that are dependent on them for their basic needs in the context of their relationship between white employers and their Negro slaves. This relationship signified that the slaves were the responsibility of their owners. The employers were not just responsible to ensure that the basic requirements of their employees were made. Their responsibility includes that the welfare and well being of their sub ordinates were also taken care of and any advice or suggestions that they gave were for the best interest of the slaves . Before ...

 Why professional bicyclists have recently been descending hills at greater speeds.

Pedaling is a compound sport, which involves competitors, who must compete with a diversity of approaches, numerous environmental factors, and roughness on the ground. The operation on high grounds is an essential ascertaining victory factor in the leading international cycling tournaments. The main forces that a bicyclist must prevail over are; the gravity and air resistance. Air resistance rises exponentially with momentum. When pedaling from a smooth road to an ascending hill, the reduced speed lessens the air resistance to a level where leading other riders offers little benefit. Smaller bicyclists, who prefer to have a higher authority to ...

Introduction

Although it is an indelible stigma on the history of one of the strongholds of modern democracy, slaver is an imprescriptible part of the United States history. By the beginning of the American struggle for independence against the colonial British powers, slavery became institutionalized practice of the early American society (Boston). Even after the basic tenets of the American democracy were established by the Founding Fathers, the overwhelming majority of the colored population was depraved of the most basic civil rights and subjects to the harshest forms of labor and other exploitation. Despite the fact that responding to the ...

Thoughts on Course Subject Matter

Contemporary business management identifies the appropriate way of thinking required to address issues as they erupt. The contemporary issues occur due to present and past practices and thinking. Similarly, future challenges will emerge because of the current actions. The dominant theme in quality management is the level of complexity that the contemporary leader must observe in decision-making and responses to present and future issues. Contemporary management invites the re-evaluation of historical leadership practices. The subject also looks at developing critical methods and tools that enable adaptive responses to emerging novel issues. The primary directive is to react to complexities ...

HIV screening is a procedure that many countries have adopted the world over in a bid to get the necessary statistics to ensure effective detection and treatment of the virus. However, Mandatory HIV screenings is a radical measure that raises various moral and legal questions with regard to the need to protect the society and the duty to respect individual rights. There are various moral arguments that are aimed at supporting mandatory HIV screenings including paternalism, prevention of vertical transmission, and facilitation of behavior change.

Prevention of Vertical Transmission of the Virus

Mandatory HIV screenings during prenatal care are essential because they help to prevent the ...

Problem definition

Jill is an employee and colleague that is well-liked, but her circumstances force her to be otherwise. Her increased levels of stress cause her to portray a poor image of her during the work hours to the extent that it affects both her professionalism and duty. Despite the fact that her colleagues understand her predicament at home, they feel that it is infringing on her duty stirring everyone up including the management. One of the actions that depict that she has been out of it lately is when she hurt the pastor’s wife. Jill’s increased misconduct at ...

Abstract

Chinese entrepreneurship is known to be influenced by historically traditional and cultural characteristics. The concept of Chinese businesses that the family patriarch critically manages them continues to hold true, although in the modern world as opposed to two decades ago, it has slowly changed. However, much of the management is held by a male member of the family, whether they operate a business upon their property or if they lease or rent the property. The tradition of a Chinese family-run business retains its discernible mark in worldwide business.

As motivated as they may be maintaining past practices for the sake of ...

The ethical issue which this paper wants to address is the normative set up in the patient doctor relationship. This is a highly paternalistic model. In this set up, doctors are the experts in medicine. Most patients have only scant and dependable medical knowledge. Hence, the overall trust in one’s medical practitioner is focal to the medical process and doctors carry the main responsibility for the patient’s wellness. The sole duty to decide on every crucial medical evaluations and decisions relies on them.

The patient-doctor patient relations must be a two-way street between the patient and the doctor because ...

Kolchin use the term ‘Paternalism’ to refer to the absolute control of all spheres of an individual’s life in a manner that he/she cannot harm himself/herself in an effort to get freedom. Paternalism therefore according to Kolchin, denies an individual the freedom and authority to make a choice. (Kolchin, 23)

The slave masters therefore exercised paternalism by denying their subjects the power to make a choice over issues that affected them. The slave masters believed that their subjects were not intellectually endowed to know anything and they should always be controlled.

He gives an example of children, because of ignorance, ...

Motorcyclists and passengers requirement to wear helmets

With the increasing prices of fuel around the globe, motorcycles are seen by many as a perfect alternative to automobiles due to its fuel-efficiency, agility and easy parking. Most countries around the world, including the United States, have a huge motorcycle following due to this efficiency. However, while these alternate vehicles are indeed practical, the statistics of deaths related to motorcycle accidents have increased greatly each year especially in cases where in both the rider and the passenger are found without helmets. Where is society headed given the growing trend of motorcycle related deaths as many still prefer this alternative mode ...

Facts

The case under scrutiny is named as Echazabal v Chevron USA, Inc. This is a case about a legal tussle between a man called Mario Echazabal and the firm for which he used to work viz. Chevron. The reason why Echazabal decided to sue his employer Chevron was that his employment offer was rescinded due to direct threat reasons by Chevron. The company came up to such a decision because they came to know about the ill-health of Echazabal and also that it was getting damaged due to him working in the cocker unit of the refinery. Echazabal was later diagnosed with Hepatitis ...

The Tuskegee Health Experiment: A Question of Bureaucratic Morality? Were there precise moral and ethical issues that the case presents? Are they dependent upon race, color economic status, and/or geographical location? Why or why not? The government bears the responsibility for ensuring that all human rights are well protected. In relation to the Tuskegee experiment, both the government and health organizations are supposed to conduct researches that meet moral and ethical standards. There were cases of the people used in the experiment being exploited by the researchers. This is why the health organizations and the government wanted to ...

Introduction

The opposition by many ethicists towards the principle of medical paternalism is severely faulty. When analyzed keenly, such an approach is not beneficial at all. Alternatively, the best approach should be to regulate medical paternalism in a way that gives the patients autonomy at certain times and denies them the autonomy when it is necessary. It is crucial that patients are asked to consent or refuse to the medications that doctors administer to them. However, there are some situations whereby giving patients the opportunity or chance to give consent has no foreseeable positive outcomes. At times, the patients are too ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Placebos and Ethics Introduction The only thing second in the medical field to successfully treating a patient is doing it ethically. Ethics are supposed to be held in the highest degree by doctors and nurses in order for patients to feel safe and optimistic about the treatment they receive. Treatments, under the Hippocratic Oath and several moral and ethical maxims must be provided in a safe, ethical manner in order for them to be considered justified practices. Examples include delivering chemotherapy to cancer patients, and antibiotics to patients with viruses. Other instances may involve obtaining conscientious permission from the ...

Introduction

In the second half of XX century a trend towards scaling up and strengthening the role of the state in the economic sphere. At the same time it is recognized that the highest efficiency is achieved in a competitive market mechanism. Therefore, the state aims to not adjust the market mechanism, and to create conditions for its free operation, providing a high level of competition. Competition should be wherever possible regulatory influence of the state, and wherever it is needed. Most economists converge in the understanding that the "invisible hand of the market" is required to be supplemented by the "visible hand ...

Philosophy

1 a. Medical paternalism is a medical conduct that gives medical personnel immense authority and power as far as the treatment of patients is concerned. The following essay looks at medical paternalism and whether it is a valid medical practice or completely uncalled for. Medical paternalism is a principle that gives medical personnel certain powers and liberties. Medical paternalism is the frame of thought that the medical personnel can withhold certain information from the patient or even forcefully administer certain forms of treatment and medication contrary to the wishes of the patient. The main argument behind medical paternalism is that ...

In the book, A Ruling Race, James Oakes outlines a view and perception of the slaveholding class entirely. Whilst prior history explains the class of the slaveholder’s planters, James Oakes in his book does not agree that the planter gives an accurate representation of the entire slaveholding. In the book, slaveholding class included of diverse ethnic communities or groups that were shaped and controlled by differing economic, political, ideological, as well as demographic development. Slaveholding class could be divided into three phases, that of small, middle-class masters, and finally planters. The analysis is based on social, religious, as well ...

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Abstract

A dilemma is the position in which the selections of one of two opposite solutions are equally embarrassing. The ethical dilemma is a situation of moral choice, when in the realization of a moral value is destroyed another, no less important. If we consider the question of the ethical dilemmas in professional activities, it is now believed that this problem can be removed by creating a professional code of ethics. In general, this kind of ethics often provides a useful impact on the resolution of ethical issues that arise in the course of professional activities , ...

Ethical Reasoning

Health practitioners are bound by a number of ethical principles. This paper will describe some of these ethical principles that are autonomy, beneficence, paternalism, utility, justice, veracity, fidelity, and confidentiality. The latter principle, confidentiality will then be discussed further and applied to a case scenario. The principle of autonomy involves the ability to freely make decisions or choices without external coercion. Beneficence is the obligation to do good and actively promote benevolent acts such as charity and kindness. It may also embody the injunction not to cause harm. Confidentiality focuses on the concept of privacy. It states that information disclosed ...

In the early 19th century, slavery was a major component of the American Lifestyles. During this period, America was rapidly evolving from a largely agriculture dependant region to a world industrial power. This major shift required an immense amount of labor that was to be provided by the blacks through slavery. However, despite the thirst for laborers to work in the plantations and other sectors of the economy, the Northern states had already abolished slavery by the year 1820. Many people were of the thought that slavery was to gradually fade away of its own accord. This had happened in the North; ...

There are four principles of ethics that are widely used in order to decide the morality and uprightness of any procedure done in the field of medicine. These principles include the right to autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The case in question concerns a45-year old man requesting medical practitioners to amputate his right arm as he feels that it “doesn’t belong to him”. This paper shall argue that amputation of the right arm should not be performed by doctors without knowledge and consent of the family. In lieu of this, they should suggest other means of treatment for ...

A case study on FridgeCom

Question 1: Using specific examples drawn from the case study, critically discuss different styles of leadership and potential behavioural responses.

In today’s global economy, leadership and organizational behaviour are important factors that can determine the success of organizations. However, the methods used by leaders to influence employees for achieving goals are a matter of contention among researchers (Skansi, 2000). In answering this question, various leadership styles that motivate employees to increase productivity levels have been discussed. This answer attempts to focus on the various modes of leadership and potential behavioural responses to them in terms of motivation, communication, ...

A case study on FridgeCom

Using specific examples drawn from the case study, critically discuss different styles of leadership and potential behavioural responses.

In today’s global economy, leadership and organizational behaviour are important factors that can determine the success of organizations. However, the methods used by leaders to influence employees for achieving goals are a matter of contention among researchers (Skansi, 2000). In answering this question, various leadership styles that motivate employees to increase productivity levels have been discussed. This answer attempts to focus on the various modes of leadership and potential behavioural responses to them in terms of motivation, communication, perception, and teamwork.

Understanding Leadership

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