Essays on Pathology

The high percentage of death in intensive care unit is always attributed to the withdrawal of life support machine. In Australia, research shows that a significant proportion of deaths that occurred in the intensive care unit preceded a decision supporting the withdrawal of the life support and this is a case in many countries across the globe including Australia. Withdrawal of life support refers to the process of discontinuing critical care treatment for a patient who is terminally ill, and the decision can be made by the family, government or doctor (Way, Anthony, & Curtis, 2002). The family can make ...

Genetic counselling has been described as the process by which an individual fully understands and adapts to the contribution of genetic makeup in the medical and physiological state of the individual along with its influence on the familial implications of a disease condition [1]. Genomic medicine is at an all-time high in these years of fast developing technology in medicine [2]. The traditional process of genetic medicine and counselling involves the collection of data and interpretation of the history of pathology in the familial background of the individual along with the assessment of risks, informed consent, and psychosocial analysis ...

Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology, which main objectives is to address issues (both practical and theoretical) related to the prevention, diagnosis of diseases and pathological conditions, as well as psych correction forms of influence on the process of recovery, rehabilitation, addressing various issues and experimental study of the impact of various psychological factors on the shape and course of various diseases. (Trull & Prinstein, 2013) A common task of the clinical psychologist in the medical institution is its involvement in the differential diagnosis of various diseases, treatment and social and labor adaptation of patients. First, it is to ...

Abstract

The most crucial goal that has been targeted in all research studies in the past few years has been toward prevention of problems. The scientific method is a stringent and proven procedure, which can be used to determine the most probable evidence to back up an environmental phenomenon. The proposition is usually made in a cause-and-effect phenomenon. Such a proposition is known as a ‘hypothesis’. The method used for testing the hypothesis is termed ‘experimentation’. This procedure is comprised of five elementary and significant steps. The most salient aspect that renders the scientific methods most popular is the fact ...

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is an acquired injury to the brain that results from an external blunt or penetrating force to the head while; intentional hypoxia is the loss of oxygen supply to the brain which leads to a continuum of injury severity. A review of current literature on this topic suggests that comparisons can be readily drawn between traumatic brain injury and hypoxic brain injury in a rehabilitation setting. Even so, diagnosis of hypoxic brain injury and traumatic brain injury is essential in providing guidance on decisions of treatment. Treating intentional hypoxia, however, involves an establishment of the desired ...

___________ Graduate Admissions _____________ Program in Speech-Language and Audio Pathology _____________ University

Personal Statement

Career Objective of 550 Words Detaling: Intellectual and Academic Interests, Accomplishments.and Goals Transforming the lives of special needs children through speech and audio therapy is my life’s vocation. I am that therapist who endeavors in going those extra and challenging miles to ensure that any special needs child has the capacities to obtain his or her full potential at an early age. There is nothing more edifying than to witness children develop fundamental learning skills that serve them throughout their lives. My passion for being a ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Stoller claims that COPD has been the interest of many researchers recently. The disease caused about 2.5 million deaths in 2000 (Stoller, 2012). Normally, there are two lungs in the chest. Lobes are sections that make up lungs. Ribcage protects the lungs. They remove carbon dioxide from the body and bring oxygen into it. The nose and the cough are the ways in which lungs protect themselves. People breathe in air through the mouse or nose (Thoracic.org, 2015). Then the air moves down the trachea. The epiglottis controls ...

The cardiovascular system consists of blood, the heart, and the circulatory system, which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries. The function of these organs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Each organ system in the body is essential in providing homeostasis in the human body. However, the actions of the cardiovascular system are critical to human life. Many physicians, scientists, and other professionals dedicate their life to the understanding of the cardiovascular system and its diseases so that people can live longer and more productive lives. This paper will discuss the general anatomy of ...

Cervix is also called the neck of the womb. Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer affecting women, after breast and ovarian cancer (Saslow et al., 2012). It progresses slowly over the years. Cervical cell dysplasia is an early signs of cervical cancer. Though, not all cervical cell dysplasia terminates in cancer, it is still an important screening tool. Pap smear can detect cervical dysplasia and enables treatment of the condition at an early stage, even before it progresses to cancer. While dysplasia is a non-malignant condition, cervical cancer is a malignant disease that originates from cervical cancer ...

In dealing with the Lot in Life, it will be best to see if Jane is indeed experiencing issues with alalia. From the case study, there do not appear to be any issues related to an aggravated pregnancy that is often according to NICHCY (2011), a common aspect of the development of alalia. Jane is at the age where alalia tends to show signs. Moreover, she does also appear to be showing what Hawk (1999) discusses as signs of backlog in the development of speech and it will be essential and necessary to assess her problem(s) with a ...

Speech Disorders

Formation of speech is one of the basic characteristics of the general development of the child. Speech for the child is the most important means of communication with the outside world, interacting with others, as well as information for the development of cognitive activity and thinking. Therefore, the development of speech is closely connected with the formation of all other mental abilities. Signs of the backlog in the development of speech is a reason for immediate treatment and a visit to the doctor (pediatrician, child neurologist, otolaryngologist, a child psychiatrist, a speech therapist, psychologist). This is especially important, because ...

Dehydration is the excessive loss of water by an individual which in turn reciprocates in the disruption of the normal bodily functions. This improper functioning of the body is mainly caused by the fact that the human body is in a constant state of losing fluids and it is always required that the lost water be replaced, however if not replaced, then complications may arise. The elderly in the nursing homes tend to be victims of dehydration mainly due various reasons such as being unable to speak out when they need to be given fluids and further inadequate supervision ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Introduction

Heart valve surgery is used for the repairing or replacement of valves of the heart that are diseased. The patients receive general anesthesia in this type of surgery whereby the surgeon makes a large surgical incision in the breastbone. The incision is meant to enable the surgeon to reach the aorta and the heart (Kato Paragraph 2). The relevance of stroke to the procedure of open-chest valve surgery is that it is one of the risks associated with cardiac surgery. Other risks include death, failure of the kidneys, cardiac arrest, irregular beats of the heart, and post-pericardiotomy syndrome (Kato ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Introduction

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a very influential technique that helps in amplifying the specific segments of DNA. This biochemical procedure is performed in-vitro that is quite different from cloning. This technique is a fusion of synthesis protocol of distinct repeated segments of DNA and thermostable DNA polymerase application that has given scientists a very potent analytical, immunological and molecular technique used prevalently in clinical laboratory science (Garibyan & Avashia, 2013). PCR is based on three primary steps that include denaturation of the template into single strands, annealing ...

Introduction

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inheritable and neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by progressive psychiatric, cognitive, and motor symptoms. It is significant to familiarize with the phenotypes since patients can present with one or more symptoms of the disease. Loss of balance and chorea are the first symptoms recognized by the patients. However, the families always notice personality or cognitive changes before first symptoms. The disease is most common in races from northern Europe. This paper is set to discuss the etiology and risk factors, pathophysiological processes, clinical manifestations, complications, as well as diagnosis of Huntington’s disease.

Etiology and Risk Factors

...

Abstract

Worldwide, ovarian cancer is ovarian cancer is the sixth most diagnosed cancer and is responsible for the most deaths annually than any other disease of the female reproductive system. It has a poor prognosis because the symptoms are vague even into Stage IV of the disease. Epithelial ovarian cancer constitutes about 90% of diagnosed cases. Research has demonstrated that hormone therapy, chronic pelvic inflammation, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline pathogenic variants are factors in the etiology of ovarian cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 is also associated with breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, fallopian tube cancer, prostate cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer. ...

<Course>

Plagiarism is often committed by many students, whether they intend to do so or not. In some cases, even professional writers fall in the trap of plagiarism because some tend to forget about the writing rules that govern it. By understanding how plagiarism happens, one may be able to avoid this mistake. Plagiarism can happen either intentionally or unintentionally. For instance, if a writer forgets to cite the resource he used, it can be considered as unintentional plagiarism. Here is an example: Some anti-psychiatrists believe that mental disorders are social constructions. To these anti-psychiatrists, including Foucault, Laing, ...

I. General pathology information

A. Other Names

1. Urinary tract infection 2. Inflammatory disease of the kidney

B. Causes

1. Vesicoureteral reflux 2. Altered bladder function 3. Congenital urinary tract anomalies 4. Renal calculi C. Incidence rates 1. In females, annual rates for outpatient treatment are 12-13 cases per 10,000. 2. In females, annual rates for inpatient treatments are 3-4 cases per 10,000. 3. Among males, outpatient annual rates are 2-3 cases per 10,000. 4. Among males, inpatient annual rates are 1-2 cases per 10,000. 5. Incidences are highest among young women, followed by infants and the elderly. D. Signs ...

Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a syndrome, the causes of which rarely lie on the surface. It is characterized by obsessive thoughts (obsessions), for which a person responds with certain actions (compulsions). Obsession is a thought or desire that constantly emerges in the mind. It is difficult to control this thought or get rid of it, and it causes a lot of stress. In this paper I would like to tell what is obsessive-compulsive disorder, by what factors it may be caused, reasons of its appearance, what factors contribute to the development of this disease and how it is treated.

Briefly about OCD

Common ...

Introduction

The Intussusception remains as the most common problem of bowel obstruction in children and infants which needs an immediate medical attention and could be resulting in severe morbidity in children when ignored (Jiang, Jiang, Parashar, Nguyen, Bines & Patel, 2013). The given case study focuses on the Intussusceptions faced by Jayadha, a 4 months old girl, and the given case study analyses the associated pathophysiology and nursing care plan for the child in order to ensure proper adherence to the evidence based practice. The essay will start with pathophysiology and then discuss the role of nurses in the effective use ...

Summary: In the article titled, “Abnormal Cortex Plasticity in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy”, the authors investigate the role of defective motor plasticity in the pathogenesis of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (Strigaro et al.). Prior to this study, JME was linked to motor cortex hyper-excitability and to the abnormal function of thalamic networks. This study, identifies a new mechanism that can cause JME, a common form of generalized epilepsy seen in children. The motor cortex plasticity was studied using an interesting technique called the Paired Associated Stimulation (PAS). The details of this technique are discussed in the methodology section. The role of ...

Stalking Ableism: Using Disability to Expose ‘Abled' Narcissism

Meaning of terms in the context of the chapter One of the key terms in Chapter 13 is the ableism. According to Campbell (2012, p.213), ableism is defined as "denoting an attitude that devalues or differentiates disability through the valuation of able-bodiedness equated to normalcy." Alternatively, ableism is used in the perspective of able-bodiedness to mean "a way of being" (Campbell, 2012). In other words, according to the chapter, ableism can be defined as processes, beliefs, and processes that generate a particular perception of body and self, which is reflected as species-typical and perfect. Therefore, ableism is significant and ...

Introduction

Pulmonary edema (PE) is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the parenchyma and air spaces of the lungs. Most often PE is associated with respiratory failure and impaired gas exchange. Globally, PE is known to be characterized by two major factors, the first is associated with the injury of the lung parenchyma which is termed as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The second is associated with the failure of the left ventricle of the heart to release blood from the pulmonary circulation within the system and is termed as cardiogenic pulmonary edema (Glaus, Schellenberg , and Lang. 2010). The major cause ...

[Add Title Here, up to 12 Words, on One to Two Lines]

Introduction

Worldwide diabetes in children and adolescents is a heavy burden, 
but in developing countries it is associated with even greater 
difficulties. MODY is a kind of disease that strikes young people; and although the disease is spread worldwide and represents one the same pathology, a condition in which the disease can be fundamentally different.  Diabetes among young people happens when glucose is not trapped in the cell accumulates in the blood; and sensitivity to its own insulin called insulin resistance is decreased. Insulin resistance usually precedes the ...

A Speech and Language therapy

Shewan, C. M., & Kertesz, A. (2014). Effects of speech and language treatment on recovery from aphasia. Brain and language, 23(2), 272-299. According to this article, speech and language therapy is classified as one of the best treatment procedures for people with Aphasia. The major aim of this therapy is to help a person communicate at their best of ability (Shewan & Kertesz, 2014, p.275). The SLT helps restore as much of a person’s speech as possible at the same time finding alternative ways to communicate. This type of therapy is effective when started at earlier stages. The process ...

Article Review

[Professor’s name appears here] [University name appears here] [Date appears here] Article Review According to Yao and Rahman (2011), the management options for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are very limited and the mainstay is dilators of the bronchus. It is alarming because the disease burden for COPD is much higher. This article focuses on the etiology of the disease and it is stated that the main factor that incites the pathology that leads to COPD is strongly dependent on the stress and inflammation. It is made clear in the article that this disease is multifactorial. Cigarette smoking ...

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Abstract 3 Introduction .. 4

Purpose . 6

Literature Review . 7 Synthesis .. 15 Method .. 15 Overview of Design .. 15

Results and Discussion 16

Conclusion 27 References .. 31

Tables 35

Abstract This project set out to examine the efficacy of a communication system known as the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), which is mainly used by individuals with autism. It is estimated that 30 to 40% of children with autism may not develop functional speech (Gerenser, 2009). With that being noted, this project broke down the PECS system in order to understand how each stage worked and why this method seemed to be the most ...

Plaintiff (π): Association for Molecular Pathology et al.

Defendants (Δ): Myriad Genetics, Inc. Appellants: Myriad Genetics, Inc. Respondent: Association for Molecular Pathology et al. The important facts of the case: BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were discovered by Myriad Genetics, Inc. These genes were found to increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer substantially. Myriad Genetics Inc. was involved in developing several tests that could detect the gene mutation leading to the increment in the cancer risk. In addition to this, Myriad took the patent on those genes and took the exclusive rights that could prevent others from

Researching on the topics related to those genes

Conducting tests and establishing labs to conducts the test ...

Introduction

Many people, especially women have been known to obsess over their weight. It has always been a relevant issue in today’s society on how they may maintain or lose weight. Failure to abide by these social constructs may lead to insecurities and other mental implications. It is as if, one’s self-worth is measured by their waistline and their self-esteem is heightened as their size drops. The incidences when one’s weight becomes a measure of self-esteem or self-worth is enough reason to study further on this issue. Weight stigma does not affect women in their early years ...

Walmart Stores v. Cockrell (2001)

Issue: Does the shopkeeper's privilege protect Walmart from the liability under the circumstances of the case?

Rule of Law: Given the notion of the shopkeeper'e privilege, this rule allows the supermarkets to detain, stop or conduct the investigation of the shoplifters in case of any suspicion exists. In this case the supermarket does not responsible for such false imprisonment if there are reasonable grounds for the denetion of such a kind, within reasonable time, while the investigations of reasonable person is provided in reasonable manner (Cheeseman, 2014. p.88). Analysis: At first, the Court considered the elements of false imprisonment. It stated that Cockrell was detained by the officer of Walmart ...

Personal Statement: Saudi Board - Pathology

I am currently employed in the capacity of pathology demonstrator in the Faculty of Medicine at King Abdulaziz University. My chosen career in pathology commenced in 2011 following a nine-month residency in orthopedics, subsequent to my graduation with an MBBS in Medicine and Surgery in 2010.

I want to pursue Pathology as my chosen career; I believe that it is not only intellectually rewarding but that there are enormous opportunities for research and for continual learning available in that speciality, which also offers me the best possible management plan. In fulfilling my ambition to become an academic pathologist, I ...

I write to you with great privilege recommending Amy Wendel Spiczka. Amy is presently an Assistant Professor in Pathology and Laboratory medicine in the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and also the Anatomic Pathology Manager at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. She graduated from the MSHS Cytotechnology program in 1997 and obtained further certifications in histotechnology and Cytotechnology. Positions held by her previously include; Education Supervisor, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Education Coordinator, Division of Anatomic Pathlogy both at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester. She was formerly Education Coordinator, Cytotechnology Program and Program Director, Histology Technician Program Clinical Experience at ...

- Physical exercise is very important for pregnant women, as they help them to ease the state, prepare muscles to the stress of labor and to the loads of the last trimester of pregnancy. - Conditions in which physical activity should be avoided are also listed. - It is also a good idea to include the recommended types of physical activity into daily life, while excluding certain other types. The experience of previous generations is also described in brief.

Physical Activities during Pregnancy

General routine for women during pregnancy mostly remains the same as it was before it. However, a pregnant woman doesn’ ...

The history of pathology testing is dated back to the 3rd century BC, when Greek scholars such as Herophilos and Eriasistratus began systematically examining dead bodies. At the beginning of the first century AD, several Greek, Roman and Arabian physicists made significant developments in the understanding of the pathology of tumors. In the 18th century, Giovanni Morgangi correlated the symptoms of his patients with the pathological evaluations o the autopsies. The discovery of the circulation of blood by William Harvey and the emergence of microsby is regarded as the foundation of modern pathology. The 19th and 20th centuries experienced ...

Abstract

This article contains a literature review pertaining to panoramic radiographs and their use as investigative tools in orthodontic diagnoses and treatment planning. The objective was to evaluate the clinical necessity of panoramic radiograph in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning if it is to be applied as a pre-treatment. Five pieces of literature were selected after applying key words to internet search engines. Two pieces of literature projected procedure errors, which ought to be addressed in facilitating the process and enhancing accurate diagnoses. In the first study a sample of 1287 ...

Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), which is encoded by MUC16, is the only biomarker currently used for immunohistochemical diagnosis of ovarian cancer (Tanyi and Scholler 1098). Literature suggests that 80% of the patients with ovarian cancer express CA125. The expression pattern is different among the different kinds of ovarian cancer; 85% in serous ovarian cancer, 12% in mucinous cancer and 40% in clear cell carcinoma (Tanyi and Scholler 1098; Kaspar and Crum 44), which helps in differential diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis among various types of ovarian cancer. There are five types of primary ovarian ...

Introduction

Hospitals are homes to different patients who require different attention. This means that there must be people who are qualified for different roles in the medical field. In this connection, hospitals are not required as a block where all patients are handled in the same room. Instead, departments should be formed where each of them operates in support of the other to ensure patients are handled and treated accordingly. This has resulted to existence of various experts for specific duties in the hospital. Among the most common departments in hospitals are Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ...

Health Information Systems is a discipline that connects computing and information technology and health care practices and research. Computer hardware, software and communication equipment, forming a complex network. It entails the resources, equipment and means of obtaining, storing, retrieving and analyzing information in the health sector. This involves use of programmed systems to manage health information and securely exchange it between patients, health institutions, insurers and even government agencies. This interaction will improve value, safety and effectiveness of health delivery. These health information systems will find application in multiple healthcare disciplines including nursing, public health, pharmacy, pathology and dentistry.

Increased and ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Abstract

Asthma and allergic reactions result in inflamed and swollen lung airways. Asthma is of two types, atopic and non-atopic. The asthma symptoms include excessive production of mucus, coughing, tightness in chest, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing. The triggers for atopic asthma are allergens and the hyper-responsiveness of IgE immunoglobulin. Genetic factors are involved in non-atopic asthma that relies on the propensity of developing asthma and hypersensitivity of airways. Epithelial cytokines, macrophage, eosinophils, and T cells collectively influence the fibroblast production resulting in muscle mutagenesis and bronchial ...

Pathophysiology

Any long-term rise in blood pressure above the upper limit of normal vibrations (hypertension) may be the cause of diseases and pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels. It is known that the probability of developing coronary heart disease, latent or overt cardiac and renal failure, and cerebrovascular events in adults with diastolic blood pressure (BP) greater than 90 mm Hg. two times higher than in diastolic blood pressure below 80 mm Hg. Hypertension is a pathological condition of the body's adult due to prolonged elevation of systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg. and diastolic blood pressure above ...

Article Summary

Kuo, J. R., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). Disentangling emotion processes in borderline personality disorder: physiological and self-reported assessment of biological vulnerability, baseline intensity, and reactivity to emotionally evocative stimuli. Journal of abnormal psychology, 118(3), 531. Borderline Personality Disorder is defined as “A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.” The essential features of a personality disorder are “impairments in personality (self and interpersonal) functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits” (APA, 2013). In 1993, Marsha Linehan proposed a theory of Borderline ...

A physical impairment refers to a dysfunction that limits an individual’s ability to move. Physical impairments limit the academic capability of individuals. In addition, physical impairments are either acquired or congenital. Impairments are medicinally diagnosed. In contrast, disability depicts an individual’s limitation or loss of an opportunity to get involved in the usual community life on the same level with the rest because of social or physical hindrances. The definition of a physical impairment relates to the perceptions of the society regarding an individual’s potential. The unequal circumstances and classification of people guided by their physical impairment opens ...

everal factors affect judgments that are related to the development of self-image. Such perceptions may include the Dentofacial attractiveness (Alvanos, 14). These factors may include social, physical and sometimes, psychological factors. In the current world, an individual’s social interaction is based on their physical attraction. As such, the physical attraction of an individual plays a great role in ensuring one comfortable life and associates well with their peers. The three dimensional facial characteristics in females greatly differ, depending on one’s aesthetics. As such, this calls for clinical evaluation of the facial and dental aesthetics (Becker et al., 21). ...

In 2012, the USPSTF (United States Preventive Services Task Force) set up new guidelines for the nursing practitioners and other medical officers to follow in practice of cervical cancer screening. The screening helps most women in the early detection and cure of cervical cancer, which may accelerate and cause serious aggregate problems in the future. Women received the new regulations differently with most women interpreting the move to mean reduced frequency of pap smears and delayed first screening for cancer (Plescia, Richardson and Joseph, 2012). However, the implications of the recommendations mean reduced strain for women at average risk ...

Introduction

It has been documented by many researches that various forms of adversity are at the heart of many mental illnesses. Indeed, even the term mental health recasts a social problem as a psychological and medical one. And, as would be expected, people addressing multiple forms of adversity, poverty and disability and social exclusion adversity, for instance, are likely than others to seek, or be sent to mental health services. While violence is the most common experience for people with severe and long-term mental illnesses, it is far the only adversity at issue. This can be addressed through open dialogue. Open dialogue ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]} Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder related to Central Nervous System; it affects brain and spinal cord. Primary MS symptoms include tingling, weakness, numbness, and hazy vision. While some other signs are linked to thinking problems, muscular stiffness, body balancing during walk and urinary problems. Multiple sclerosis is manifested morphologically by inflammation and primary demyelination of neurons. The dispersed inflammatory lesions are distinguished by immense permeation of varied cellular mediators of the immune system that includes T and B cells, macrophages and microglia. ...

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) refers to a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is the second most predominant neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer’s disease (Thomas & Beal, 2007). Advanced age increases the risk of disease. It is diagnosed in 1% of individuals with 65 years of age and 5% of the individuals with over 85 years (Weintraub, Comella, & Horn, 2008). However, up to 3% of the cases have been found in people below 50 years. Other risk factors include the male gender and individuals of European ancestry. PD is a chronic disorder that progresses slowly; it may take 15 years from the time ...

Abstract

Amnesia usually originates from memory loss as a result of particular situations, mostly brain illness, injury, or psychological trauma. Memory loss is frequently the most disabling attribute of numerous disorders, weakening the ordinary day by day actions of the patients and intensely distressing the people (Madan, 2011). Amnesia is based on the proximal cause of the injury such as psychogenic amnesia and organic amnesia. This paper discusses psychogenic amnesia, its causes and its types including the psychogenic fugue and psychogenic focal retrograde amnesia. Psychogenic amnesia was then differentiated from retrograde and organic type of amnesia. Psychogenic amnesia is ...

Critiquing Quantitative and Qualitative Studies

Several research techniques are available all with the aim of achieving precise data or information or data about something. Quantitative technique, sometimes referred to as true science, involves the use of mathematical and statistical methods in the analysis and drawing useful information from a specific set of data (Davies, 2009). On the other hand, qualitative is a type of technique used to study behavior and habits portrayed by humans under different environments. The critique is aimed at juxtaposing the two techniques involved in the field of research with critical analysis of the two methods.

Compare and Contrast Information

Hand hygiene especially in health care setting ...

Abstract

The purpose of this discussion is to determine the relationship between human papillomavirus type 16 and the incidence of cervical cancer in adult women. As such, prevalence and distribution of cervical cancer will be discussed, as will the current literature regarding the correlation between and potential causative effects of human papillomavirus type 16 on cervical cancer. Some of the studies examined in this discussion focus almost entirely on specific populations, but this discussion will focus on a more global, universal approach to the correlation between HPV-16 and cervical cancer. The literature reviewed in this discussion focuses primarily on discoveries and ...

History

As indicated by heading research, Alzheimer's illness is the sixth heading reason for death in the United States, and just ailment inside the main ten that can't be cured, eased off, or prevented.(Alzheimer’s Association) In the United States alone, there are in excess of five million individuals experiencing Alzheimer's, and one in eight are senior natives. Medicinal expenses of the illnesses are over $100 billion for every year, making it one of the priciest infections in the United States. (Imouye, 2013) It is the heading reason for dementia on the breakdown of the cerebrum, and reasons issues ...

One of the most common disorders involving the lymphatic and immune systems is the Castleman Disease which is now more commonly known as giant lymph node hyperplasia and angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. The condition is most commonly associated to immune disorders like HIV and Human Herpes Virus 8 infections (Schey, Yong, Marcus and Anderson, 2013). The disorder is problemic as the disease process involves the abnormal overgrowth of the lymph nodes (Loachim and Medeiros, 2009) and while it is not a cancer in itself, the disease shows symptoms that are similar to lymphoma which is a cancer of the lymph nodes. ...

A 49-year-old male presenting for vague abdominal discomfort, lack of appetite, and no bowel movements has a large differential diagnosis. The causes of the symptoms may be diverse and tangential fields such as nutrition and psychiatry must be considered aside from bowel pathology. The bowel pathologies that must be considered are obstructions, infections, ischemia, and perforations of the underlying anatomy. Given the history of appendix surgery, adhesions must be considered as well. Peritonitis is unlikely due to the lack of rebound and the vague localization of the pain. The most likely diagnosis is a diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is the most likely culprit ...

Abstract

This paper aims at identifying and elaborating the development and functions of the human placenta, an organ that supports growth and development of the fetus. The human placenta is a fetomaternal organ that supports the development of a growing embryo by providing nutrients and gas from the mother to the embryo. Notably, the human placenta facilitates nutrients and gas exchange between the fetus and the mother which helps in maintaining fetomaternal tolerance. The placenta can release metabolic products into fetal and maternal circulations and it also metabolizes various substances. It also protects the fetus against maternal diseases, infections, and certain xenobiotic ...

Written Case Study – Pathophysiology II

(Location of the University) 1. Describe the underlying pathology of COPD. What impacts do these pathological changes have on normal physiology? In particular, describe alveolar ventilation in a normal individual and discuss how this might be different in Mr Wenham. (20 marks) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is touted to be the third leading cause of death in the United States of America. In 2010, it has claimed the lives of 134,676 individuals (CDC 2013). By definition, COPD presents persistent blockage of airflow in the lungs — thus interfering normal breathing. Those afflicted with such condition generally ...

Abstract

The research paper deals with the problem of Merkel cell carcinoma, chief peculiarities, and the possibility of medical treatment. Disease signs and symptoms are highlighted in the opening and subsequent paragraphs of the paper. The pathophysiology, etiology, manifestations, possible complications, and disease treatment are the focal point of the research paper. The research is based on the opinions of the finest subject-field experts, such as professors, doctors, and scientists. Keywords: Merkel cell carcinoma, medical treatment, disease, complication, cure Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer usually caused by polyomavirus. Scientists and doctors have not managed to ...

Tissue and Cellular Organization

The circle of life on the earth is very complicated, though sometimes it seems to be rather easy. People see plants, insects, various fluids, surface and soil, but they often do not think of all the complexity of the constitution of bodies that fill up the world. In other words, everything consists of cells and tissues, and in order to understand the essence of every matter it is important to investigate their structure. There are some organisms, such as bacteria, that are unicellular or they are made up of only a “single cell” (Science Daily, 2014). These one-celled organisms ...

Introduction

This is a hereditary disease that has slow brain striatum atrophy (Gil and Rego). For several years, a Huntington’s disease patient may go through unrestrained movements, mental impairment and behavioral commotions. Finally, Huntington’s disease patients get totally reliant on a caregiver. The disease is an autosomal dominant condition that affects the equally two genders.

Statistics

The statistics of the Huntington’s disease indicate that out of 100,000 individuals globally, 5 to 10 will have the condition. The disease can attack males and females of every ethnic background (World Health Organization). It is prevalent globally, but, there are geographic regions where ...

Cholera Toxin Enhances Vaccine-Induced Protection against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge in Mice

This experiment is an animal experiment made in accordance with the basic guideline the UK Animal Act 1986. Methods use was by collecting mice of 6-8wks. BCG Pasteur vaccine administered. Others vaccines are MVA85A and cholera toxin. Intradermal agents administered are the anti-IL-1A blocking antibody and the isotype IgG2a. Animals were then challenge with Biaera AeroMP aerosol nebulizer at a targeted pressure and dose. Organ harvest and stimulation for immunogenicity was then done. The lungs and spleen are the organs harvested aseptically. The organs were then processed with different steps such as mincing and digestion with DNase/collagenases. The cells collected ...