Essays on Penal Code

Cyber Defense

Background In the recent past, there has been an increasing reliance on technology to undertake numerous aspects of social, political, and economic lives in many countries across the globe. While the reliance on technology has had a positive impact on many aspects of our lives, that reliance also inherently attracts threats such as cyberterrorism. Consequently, cyber defense becomes a crucial element for nations. Cyber defense refers to the deliberate steps taken by governments to protect information that they hold to be sensitive. Cyber threats are not just a danger to the individual countries such as the U.S. that have ...

Introduction

One of the most common strategies of criminal defense attorneys when representing a defendant who has an unusual condition such as a mental abnormality, is to argue either that regardless of their actions, they are nevertheless not responsible for the crime or that they never had the capacity to commit a crime. The reason that criminal defense attorneys can make these arguments is that criminal law recognizes a number of unique situations where otherwise criminal conduct should not be subjected to a determination of guilt and the offender should be exempted from the crime (LaFave, 2000). These arguments, which ...

El Salvador rightwing opposition leaders are pushing for an extension of the penalties related to abortion from a range of two to eight years to a new range that will see women face a minimum of 30 years and a maximum of 50 years. That will be through a reform of the penal code article that gives guidelines on the penalties related to abortion. The leaders are hinging their demands on the Constitution of El Salvador that gives a right to live, then extrapolate that life begins at conception. Since 1998, all forms of abortion have been banned in ...

Based on the case study, it is evident that burglary can be defined in various ways. Breanna comprehends the different aspects of burglary. Burglary is an unlawful entry into a structure with an intention of committing an offense. Breanna has clearly indicated that burglar breaks into a building to commit theft, assault or felony. The offender may not necessary have to physically break into a structure. Trespassing through an open door is another form of burglary. As Brenna defines, there are occasions whereby there are occasions whereby there is no victim present during the burglary. The elements that are ...

Crimes against Persons

Crimes against persons are those criminal conducts punishable under penal law and which are mainly committed against individuals as the victims (Gardner & Anderson, 2014, p.25). In such categories of crimes, the perpetrator or offender normally has the intention to cause the victim actual grievous bodily injury and harm. Examples of crimes under this category include rape, assault and murder.

Crimes against Property

These are a category of crimes in which the offender intends to take another person’s property with the intention of permanently depriving the owner of the property without necessarily intending to use force against them. Examples of these crimes ...

Electronic or cyber crime is a criminal activity, committed through the use of information technologies. Economies worldwide, business and individuals are effected by electronic crime increasingly more often every year. According to Internet Crime Complaint Center, in 2008 the number of electronic crimes in the USA has increased from 207 to 275 thousand, and resulted in a total loss of 264.6 million dollars (Limbach, n.d.).

Multiple types of computer crime include cyber theft, cyber terrorism, creation of obscene or offensive content, harassment, drug trafficking, spam, information warfare, phishing scams, spreading computer viruses and malware.

Types of Electronic Crime

Computer hackers use ...