Helpful Penicillin Essays Examples for Free

Pathophysiology of Rheumatic Fever

Introduction Rheumatic Fever (RF) is the type of inflammatory disease that can develop due to untreated or inadequately treated throat infection (scarlet fever or strep throat) caused by a type of bacteria known as streptococcus (Carapetis, McDonald & Wilson, 2005). This paper is going to cover pathophysiology of the Rheumatic Fever. It will begin with the symptoms associated with RF. A description of mechanisms or processes that take place in a person infected with RF will be described. This will be followed by a discussion of the causes of RF. There is a section dedicated to the pathophysiology of RF ...

Introduction

Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited blood ailment. Those suffering from Sickle Cell Disease have abnormal S/ sickle hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood that aids in carrying oxygen throughout the body. The ailment takes its appellation from the shape of the red blood cells of a person affected by Sickle Cell Disease, which have the shape of a sickle. They are stiff and adhesive rather than a disk like normal cells. The misshapen cells tend to get trapped in the small blood vessels hindering the movement of ...

The Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance: Has our use of Antibiotics Caused more Problems than it has solved?

Antibiotics are medicines which have bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties and used in treatment or prevention of microbial diseases (NPS 2012). Antibiotics a have been in existence for a long time and were initially known as antibiosis which meant against life, and by Jean Paul Vuillemin first used this term. He used the word to describe the properties which were exhibited by the early antibacterial drugs. In 1877 Antibiosis was first described by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch when they observed the inhibition of growth of Bacillus anthracis by an airborne bacillus. In 1928 penicillin was identified by Alexander Fleming. ...

Introduction

Sentinel events occur unexpectedly within the working areas. When this event occurs, they can lead to serious injuries or deaths at a time. The injuries can be physical or psychological depending on the extent of injury (Valentin et al. 2006). However, the Joint Commission defines sentinel event as any unexpected incident in the health care sector, which can end in demise or solemn physical or mental damage to the patient in place. Nevertheless, sentinel events are not in any case related to the natural sickness of the patient neither the illness result into the occurrence of sentinel events. The ...

Introduction

Antibiotics are a class of drugs that are mostly used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Uncountable bacteria live in various parts the human body. These include the gut, skin, mouth and throats (Gelband et. al, 2015). Some of these bacteria are harmless. However, there are others that are pathogenic (disease causing) and can cause infections. These infections are known as bacterial infections and doctors prescribe antibiotics as mode of treatment. Antibiotics were introduced in 1940 and since then they have been significant to modern medicine. The core role of antibiotics was to treat infections caused by bacteria. However, ...

In children, the presentation of a rash and a fever as in the case with this 24-month old patient is not normally a cause for concern and the early arrival at the clinic helps limit the spread of these symptoms to serious cases (Jarvis, 2015). In such instances, there are three major classifications; on in which the patient presents with a serious illness and may require immediate treatment, second where the viral syndromes are easily recognizable and manageable and third where there occurs an undifferentiated rash. In this patient, the rash and fever can be classified within the second ...

INTRODUCTION

Beginning in 1932 the Tuskegee Syphilis Study took 400 African American men who suffered from syphilis and promised free, new treatments. However, they received no real treatment because the study was not on treatments of syphilis but on the effects of syphilis when it goes untreated. Even after penicillin was determined to be an effective treatment for syphilis the men were never given this treatment. In fact, they gave the subjects spinal taps without anesthesia, telling them it was a new treatment, when they really wanted to test the effects of syphilis on the human brain (Ogungbure, 2011). It ...

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Summary

The Tuskegee Experiment was a scientific research study conducted on 399 black men between 1932 and 1972. Starting in 1932, the U.S. Public Health Service started an experiment with a vaguely defined mission. Taking mostly illiterate and poor black men from a rural southern area, they offered the prospect of free medical care and described the medical attention as an effort to cure “bad blood”, when in fact all 399 participants were suffering from tertiary syphilis. None of the participants were ever told that they carried the disease nor were they offered any form of ...

English 1B

The field of medicine will continue to move forward (Worboys 117), and this has been indicated by the products produced by laboratory sciences, as well as the development of significant medical products like penicillin, which was made possible through the discovery of ‘macromolecularization’ (Lowy 117). Like the industrialization since the post-World War II era, the field of medicine will continue to move forward (Worboys 117), as was indicated by history, specifically the industrialization period, which shows “development of hospital and laboratory medicine, public health, and the rise of the asylum took place” (Worboys 109). However, when discussing the genomics ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

What is pneumonia?

Pneumonia, or as it is called - lung inflammation, is the infection of one or both lungs which is usually caused by bacteria, fungus and viruses. Until the moment when penicillin was discovered, every third sick person died from the infection. Despite all the achievements of modern medicine, pneumonia remains a serious and dangerous disease. 5% of the patients with pneumonia die.

How can you get pneumonia?

In some cases, the disease is transmitted drip-virally. A sick person sneezes; his secretions contain bacteria and micro-organisms which, getting into the lungs of a healthy person, cause inflammatory infectious processes. In other cases, pneumonia occurs due ...

English 1B

Original Thesis Thus, (1) as technology continues to move forward, (2) so will the field of medicine as these two go hand in hand, (3) as shown in the way modern medicine for both hospital and laboratory were developed through laboratory science (Worboys 109), (3) the development of important medical products through macromolecularization developed during World War II (Lowy 119), (3) the apparent link established among medicine, technology, and science as shown in history.

Rogerian Thesis

Neutral The field of medicine will continue to move forward (Worboys 117), and this has been indicated by the products produced by laboratory sciences, as ...

Medical professionals are often confronted with issues surrounding malpractice and negligence. Sanbar (2007) defines malpractice as negligence committed by a professional and which results in imposing physical, emotional, mental harm and/or financial losses as a result of his/her actions. This paper will assess three cases affecting nurses in relation to malpractice and negligence. In a Rhode Island hospital, a baby boy born healthy had a few difficulties during breastfeeding. For this reason, the hospital’s pediatrician ordered for the supplementation of the baby’s feed with formula milk. Unfortunately, this order was not followed and as such the baby ...

Pvt’s experiences with the World War II are unique with a comparison to other soldiers’ experiences. First, he receives a ‘greetings’ letter from the Head of state, Roosevelt, inviting him to the physical examinations at Albany, N.Y, and evidently passes the test. The act of being acknowledged by the Head of State to join the army is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and is not common for every soldier who joins the army. Another unique incident is when he failed to ship out with the rest of the trained platoon because he had three missing teeth. This saved him from ...

Introduction

Sickle Cell Disease is a common term in medical biology, and it refers to the description of red blood cell disorders having an inherited connotation. Individuals suffering from this disease are attributed to have abnormal hemoglobin, which is often referred to as hemoglobin s. This term is also called sickle, thus the name sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin is the red coloring in matter of the blood, and it carries various nutrients, which are either transported or inferred into the body system (Johnson, 2005). This disease thus, ruins the red blood cells making them incapable of carrying out their normal ...

For this patient, there are two possibilities; on one hand she may be having tonsillitis and secondly there is the probability of pharyngitis. With tonsillitis, the primary infection is within the tonsils while with pharyngitis, the primarily within the throat. In this case, the patient’s subjective data implies that she developed a sore throat and is the primary reasons she has presented at the clinic as the symptoms have progressed from the sore throat to chilling and fever. Further, she admits to having had strep sore throat before and denies contact with any one with strep. Evidently, owing ...

South University

This is a proposed care plan on a case study of a 40-year-old Asian American male, working as a roofer, with complains of low back pain. As such, to have full comprehension of the patient’s case and a comprehensive care plan, I intend to carry out in-depth literature review from the authentic databases and propose suitable evidence based care strategic plans in view of the complaints, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Analyzing the Disorder

Low back pain is acute or chronic disorder that is manifested by pains at the lower back (Kantor and Creek, 2015). Patients might have back firmness, diminished development ...

Origination of the syphilis concept

How the modern concept of Syphilis originated My experiences with the syphilis concept reflectingon reading chapters one and two along with my own perceptions gained from previous knowledge, is that it embodies a geographic origin as well as scientific. There are many observed similarities between the origin and conceptualization of syphilis with the current reigning sexually transmitted disease HIV/AIDS. They create tensions and connect me to experiences/ beliefs. For example, syphilis is caused by a bacterium, which has mutated over time with symptoms becoming less severe as the bacterium undergoes changes. In the fifteen century when the syphilis bacterium ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

Introduction Methillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by staphylococcus bacteria that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillin, methicillin, and amoxicillin), which are normally used to treat staphylococcus infections. Studies have shown that about 40% of Staphylococcus aureus strains have developed resistance to methicillin (Durai, Ng, & Hoque, 2010). Most of the MRSA infections occur in people, who have been admitted in hospitals or other such healthcare settings as, for example, dialysis centers and nursing homes. In case of the development of infection in healthcare settings, it is also known as healthcare-associated (HA) MRSA infections. Usually, ...

Introduction

Syphilis is a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) that is usually associated with high-risk behaviors such as drug addiction, HIV-infected people and men who have sex with other men. Syphilis is transferred from one person to another by direct contact of externally occurring syphilis sores or from pregnant women to their unborn children (CDC Fact Sheet, 2012).

Stages

The stages of the disease syphilis are early, late and latent stages. The early stage consists of primary and secondary symptoms which are characterized by the occurrence of sores, rashes, swollen lymph glands, fever and fatigue (CDC Fact Sheet, 2012). The sore typically last ...

1.A. Penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics in structure. The remodeling process takes place in the bacterial cell walls due to the presence of a layer called peptidoglycan layer, which includes the breakdown of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and cross-linking peptide chains . Cross-linking peptide chains provide rigidity to the fluid cell wall. Transpeptidase, an enzyme used in the breaking of peptide chains also reforms the peptide bonds after the restructuring of the cell wall. The penicillin inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase, which prevents the peptide bonds from reforming. Thus, penicillin makes the cell walls weaker, which results ...

A 10 year old boy with a fever of 39C, severe pain and tenderness in left leg was brought to doctor. The history of his leg injury was unknown. Symptoms have been ongoing for alomst week. His mother was using tylenol in the treatment. A series of tests were performed. X-Ray result of the knee was negative. Fluid aspiation of the knee resulted 3000 leekocytes/mm with 84% netrophill. There was a bone scan done that showed a hot spot in the distal tibea of the left leg. Bacteria cultures from the boy's knee joint fluid, blood, and tibial aspirate were ordered. ...

Educational Affiliation

In philosophy, ethics is a branch of thought that deals with questions about what is right and what is wrong. There are various ethical dilemmas which are found in other more complex areas. For example the widely discussed moral question concerns are the use of animals in scientific experiments. Clearly, humans have the power to use other creatures in this way. PETA also known as People for the Ethical Treatment of the Animals (2014) conducted an undercover investigation on the laboratory of Philip Morris, an international cigarette manufacturing company. Inside their laboratories scientific research are carried with the use of ...

Life, it is said, is best taken ‘one step at a time.’ There is a reason this aphorism is so ingrained in our language and culture; our ability to walk, to move forward, is highly dependent on the health of our feet. We must do whatever we can to take care of ourselves, especially this incredibly important part of us, in order to maintain the quality of life that allows us to reach our full potential.

One of the biggest dangers people face when dealing with podiatric health is diabetes; I have had experiences with diabetes in my family and ...

Abstract

It is disheartening to stand and watch infants and children come for clinical checkups and get pumped with one antibiotic after another. Sad still is the fact that most parents tend to believe that by so doing, they are helping their children overcome illnesses. Acute otitis media, an occurrence that is quite prone to children between two months and two years, has shown warring trend lately. The challenge that is present is in the fact that enormous works have supported antibiotic administration to cure and curb the spread of the infections. However, it is not until lately that the ...

Cheese is made from milk, majorly from cow's milk, although some varieties are also made from goat's milk and sheep's milk. Cheese is formed by coagulation of milk which turns it into curds and whey. This is the basic principle in the manufacture of most types of cheese. Cheese can either be made through the natural process or made to undergo ripening in which the milk is treated with rennet. Other processes take place, depending on the type of cheese to be made. (ACS) For example, Blue veined cheese is inoculated with Penicillin spore. This creates the aroma ...

[University’s name] Electrolytes are charged particles that have the tendency to generate electrical potentials. Therefore, they are kept under strict check so that they remain within certain limits and don’t alter the internal hemodynamically stable milieu. But, during a diseased process or because of self-induction, these electrolytes may either become surplus or becomes alarmingly decreased. Such states can have deleterious often lethal effects on human life.

HYPOKALEMIA:

Signs and Symptoms: According to Papadakis and McPhee (2015), patients with hypokalemia may present with muscular weakness, fatigue, abnormal muscular cramps, paralytic ileus leading to constipation, decreased reflexes, hypercapnia, tetany ...

Presentation: 52 year old male presents with complaint of wet cough and intermittent fevers for one week. Symptoms have progressively worsened with onset of back pain over the last two days. Previous Medical History: No health insurance and has not seen provider for five years. History of Hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus-2 controlled with diet.

Allergies: Penicillin and Erthyromycin History of Present Illness: Onset/duration: one week. Pattern: cough worse at night. Associated Symptoms: fever and back pain worsens with coughing. Relieving factors: sitting up and drinking fluids. Aggravating factors: smoking and lying down. Effect ...

Best phrase that anticipates a new discovery is not "Eureka!" but "Wow, cool!"

Throughout the history of science, many discoveries have been made by accident. Sometimes the researcher saw the potential in a completely irrelevant things, or even in the remnants of a failed experiment, making a mistake a manifestation of intuition. Other discoveries took place after a period of despair that engulfed the scientist following a failed experiment. As a result of an error or "unfortunate" coincidence of circumstances, there appeared not a single discovery, but a large set of findings, ideas and discoveries in various fields of science Penicillin. The penicillin was discovered in 1928. The author of the accidental invention was Alexander Fleming, who, at the time, ...

- Thesis: Cultural anthropology has the potential to address a myriad of problems; however, research subjects are greatly harmed by lack of regulation from the government. - Margaret Mead, Paul Farmer and Franz Boas are anthropologists are actively involved in solving societal problems - Their positions as cultural anthropologists gave them the upper hand in addressing a range of problems that society had to contend with. - This was based on the fact that they understood most of these issues and as such, knew how to navigate through in a bid to find solutions. - Potential in Cultural ...

#90457 1

In 1928, the penicillin was discovered. It was a powerful medicine with numerous possibilities to cure diseases. Doctors all over the world tried to find out new ways of using it. One of the theories stated that the penicillin could treat and prevent the syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. In order to prove this theory, the Guatemala Syphilis Experiment was begun. This experiment took place between 1946 and 1948. It was led and sponsored by the United States Public Health Service under the guidance of the physician John Charles Cutler. The Guatemala Experiment was one of ...

Specific Aims

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) encodes a DNA-editing deaminase, which is a group of the Cytidine Deaminase family (Bello). This protein is concerned in somatic gene conversion, hypermutation, and class-switch recombination of Ig (immunoglobulin genes). Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been expressed in B cells at germinal center and starts the events, which lead to class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes and somatic hypermutation. Additionally to this primary responsibility in immune diversification, deviant targeting of Activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity leads to translocations and point mutations of oncogenes linked with B-cell lymphoma. Lately, AID has been related in active DNA demethylation (Sariah). ...

THROAT DISORDERS

Introduction The case provided in this paper involves a middle-aged female who was presented to the emergency unit complaining of strep throat (Wilson & Nadol, 2012). Upon assessment, she reported having a history of strep throat, and her condition had started the day before. At night, she felt childish and feverish. During examination, the head, eyes, ears, nose and throat were found to be positive of tonsillar swelling without exudates. Her vital signs revealed; - temperature of 101F, heart rate of 112, respiratory rate of 22, and blood pressure of 96/94 hg/mm (Buttaro et al., 2013). Hence, the focus of this ...

Introduction

Rheumatic fever (RF), or acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an autoimmune complication caused by the human-specific bacterial pathogen group A (B-hemolytic) streptococcus (GAS), Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that is coccoid or spherical in shape and usually occurs in pairs or chains. It produces hemolysin that forms a clear zone around the colonies when grown on blood agar. It has been designated as part of group A via Lancefield serotyping because it displays the carbohydrate antigen A on its cell wall. It is non acid-fast, non-spore forming, and may or may not have capsules. It has generally ...

[Institution Title]

Health History and Screening of an Adolescent

- Biographical Data Patient T.M., female is 14 years old. She weighs 103 lbs and stand 5 ft. 5 inches. TM is the only child of her parents who were both in their mid-forties when she was conceived. This is the reason her parents were overprotective of her. TM is not allowed to go out to parties or sleep overnight at a friend’s house. However, TM is pampered with everything she wants. Her parents buy her everything she wants, and she gets to enjoy vacations with her parents overseas. TM smokes cigarette every time no one ...

Innovations during World War II

The outbreak of World War II really impacted on the society. It posed a very great challenge to the wrangling nations which wanted to prove their military prowess by outdoing one another. Thus, it created room for more advanced innovations to help them in coming up with modern technology to use in winning the battle. This necessitated scientists to carry out an extensive research to come up with innovations which address the problems at hand. As a result, there were a lot of innovations which were not only useful during the war period, but are still used today. Some of them are ...

Health history and screening of a young adult

Biographical data Patient initials: l. p phone number: 1234567 Occupation: student employer: currently unemployed Financial status: the patient is under complete care of his parents. Both the parents of the patient have adequate medical insurance. The patient however normally uses the health insurance of his mother for personal reasons. Source and reliability of information: the source of the information is the patient himself. The patient is fully aware of his ongoing and very alert. There are no indications that the patient might have a lack of understanding of exactly what is going on. The information is thus ...

Cloning has been a subject of great speculation for decades now, with the major breakthrough coming in 1997 after scientist successfully cloned the first mammal, the Dolly sheep. It refers to the process used in the creation of an exact genetic copy of a cell, organism or tissue of an organism. The material, which is genetically a copy of the original cell or tissue, is called a clone. The types of cloning are divided into three; 1) gene cloning in which copies of genes of cell or its DNA are made; 2) reproductive cloning in which a copy of a whole organism is made, and ...

In recent years, the issue about animal right has garnered great attention from the society. Whether animal testing should be banned or not is still being debated by many people. Both the advantages and disadvantages of using animals in experiments for inventing medicines for humanity will be discussed in this essay before a reasonable conclusion is drawn.First, the critics of the idea of using animals in testing medicines argue that non-human animals are living organisms like human and also they share the same place to live with humanity, so they should be considered as non-human persons and members of the ...

Introduction: Prior to the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Flemming millions of people worldwide succumbed to common infections. The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed nearly 30 million people, which was higher than the population that succumbed to the First World War. Following the discovery of penicillin in 1928, a number of other antimicrobial agents were discovered from natural sources or synthesized in laboratories that led to treatment of many infectious diseases worldwide. It was believed at one point that these magic bullets could be used to target and kill any and all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms. However, soon after the ...

Chapter 1: Java Report: Making Sense of the latest buzz in health-related news

Studies on the effects of coffee have provided different findings on the risks and benefits related to caffeine. This concept has introduced the idea of ascertaining whether the correct scientific process was carried out in a study. Establishing certain facts requires a certain approach in science. Initially, personal experience is the basis of conducting an investigation. Consider a study to investigate the effect of caffeine on memory. Research studies done on the subject of interest (coffee studies) can be obtained from peer-reviewed scientific journals. This is because of the unbiased critique that the study presents. Once this research is carried out, ...

Substance that ionizes in aqueous solution to produce hydrogen ion (H+) is defined as acid. It is proton donor and electron pair acceptor. Acid tastes sour, changes litmus from blue to red. Whereas, base releases hydroxyl ion (OH-) in their aqueous solution. It is proton acceptor and electron pair donor. It tastes bitter; changes red (acidified) litmus to blue. Salt is an ionic compound produced from reaction of an acid and a base. It is formed by the incomplete or complete substitution of the hydrogen ion (H+) of an acid by a basic radical. Three examples of acid used in ...

Antibiotic resistance occurs when there is a gain or change in the DNA of the bacterial organism. Most mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are associated with plasmid-mediated transfer of genetic information; using transposons facilitates the transfer of information, and in fact many common modes of resistance are associated with transposons such as beta – lactamases, tetracycline resistance and aminoglycoside resistance (Microbiology, 2007 pg. 64-65). Resistance is accomplished by one of three mechanisms (Microbiology, 2007 pg.65): - Decreased uptake - Alteration of target site: A change in the penicillin binding site of certain bacterial cell walls leads to less binding. ...

Health Economics

My View of Medical Practice Health Policy and Law including other health related legislations are created to address the issues of social health needs and one of them is the view of medical practitioners towards health economics. There are suggested theories regarding the issue. However, the theory stating, “medicine is a science and experts will ultimately discover the best means for treating every illness” (Musgrave, 1995) appears to suit the given issue more appropriately. It is apparent that history tells us how medicine was revolutionized by several discoveries. One example of that is the discovery of penicillin. In ...

Analysis of Culture Cell KU812F with Three Protocols

Abstract Protein analysis for cancer cell research has been found to be extremely reliable. The culture cell KU812F (chronicle myeloid leukemia cell line) was used for this laboratory. Globin gene switching was observed by evaluating the gene expression in the cells. Gene expression and protein folding were provoked. Gene expression is the process of transcribing DNA to cDNA and then used qPCR to study gene expression. cDNA was translated into mRNA which in turn is translated into a protein. mRNA concentration was analyzed. The three protocols were Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Enzyme-Linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), and ...

INTRODUCTION

A whole lot of literature published in journals and books identifies the “Tuskegee Syphilis Study” as an infamous research, in which the uneducated Afro-American males in the US were denied treatment for syphilis and deceived by the US Public Health Services’ officials. This study was the longest and a harsh experiment on humans in the history of medicine. This study was a clinical research carried out in the poorest counties of the state of Alabama, US between 1932 and 1972 on around 600 black men of which about 399 were infected with syphilis. The balance 201 men served as the ...

Abstract

Background: Gluteal muscle contracture (GMC) is a clinical syndrome characterized by limited hip movements.

Methods: In this prospective study, 23 patients received traditional incision surgery and 22 patients received small incision surgery for the treatment of GMC. The two groups were compared for duration of surgery, length of incisions, requirement of postsurgical analgesia, postsurgical complications, off-bed activity times, duration of hospitalisation, clinical outcomes and one year recurrence rates. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software; enumeration data were analysed by χ2 tests; and measurement data were analysed by t tests. Results: The small incision surgery group was significantly superior ...

World Changing Accomplishments

Introduction As the world grows and matures, it is evident that a lot of discoveries have been made and most of them have had a great impact on mankind. Most of the accomplishments have been brought about as a result of science and in most cases it is clear that science has been able to change the human way of life both negatively and positively. Discovery of things such as atomic bombs has made some people develop certain claims like science is harmful to human life thus forgetting all the good discoveries that it has also brought. In this case we ...

Abstract

This paper summarizes the story of the Motley Crew as narrated in the book “the dirt confession of the world’s most notorious rock band’’. The essay chronicles their lifestyles from formation, rise to power, moral decadency, and distinct highs and lows among other aspects. It concentrates on most remarkable events of the group as demonstrated in the autobiography. The work goes further to depict frightening scenarios of the Crew events taking place on and out of stage.

Introduction

The Motley crew depicts a group of hardcore Rock Music heroes who begun life at the very center of poverty. The most ...

Introduction and Background

In assessing the impact of microbes in the New South Wales (NSW) health system, it was discovered after laboratory testing evaluating Part A and B categories different types of colonies were discovered, for laboratory 1 evaluations. In laboratory 11specimens used in this experiment were blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid; sputum, swabs from and

Mucous membranes.

Bacteria colony morphology:-. E Coli. This bacterium appeared to be creamy, shinny and rose to a level of 2-3 mm. M Luteus. This one was yellow shinny circular and rose to 1-2 mm. Fungal colony morphology; Saccharomytes cerevsaie ( yeast) and Aspergillus nidulans ( Mould ). Precautions must be taken while ...

Research related to the human subject has been very important since it has helped to solve human problems in one way or the other. This type of research has focused mostly on the preparation of medicines that are important in curing diseases that are perceived to be fatal. Research has become inevitable in the society since it is important in innovating new products that can be used to cure diseases that are difficult to treat. This is the major reason why higher learning institutions have incorporated research institutions to give proper skills to the potential researchers. However, I think ...

Diphtheria is a microbial disease common especially with children below the age of ten years. It is normally caused by a bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and its signs and symptoms start showing two to eight days after infection. Some of its signs and symptoms include fever (38 degrees), fatigue, severe skin rashes, blood-stained nasal discharge and breathing difficulties. The Gram positive bacterium as well as the facultative anaerobic are other common causes of Diphtheria (Marguiles 20). Diphtheria is a disease that is commonly transmitted from a patient to another person through direct contact with the sick person, and also by breathing the sick person’ ...

Syphilis is the sexually transmitted disease chosen for this research. It is caused by a spirochete bacterium known as treponema palladium. Other species of treponema palladium are subspecies pertenue which causes yaws. Also, there are caretenum and endomicum. These two organisms are responsible for the associating complications. When the organism enters the body it goes through four stages of development. They are primary, secondary, latent and finally tertiary. The final stage is when death is eminent (Radolf & Lukehart, 2008) In relation to the United States of America statistics reveal that in 2010; 36,000 cases were discovered. 9,756 ...

1. Prior to administering GTN to Leonard, what are the relevant considerations regarding the following;

- The dose and frequency of administration you would use?

The normal dose for GTN is 300-600 micrograms; I would use about 500 micrograms of GTN on Leonard, as he describes his pain as severe and his history may indicate he has built up a tolerance, requiring a slightly stronger dose. A normal dose for Leonard would be 1 or 2 sprays, with regular sprays at intervals to ensure that his condition remains stable (Hughes and van Tienen, 2010).

- The patient’s vital signs and ...

The Belmont Report - Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Introduction

Human subjects’ protection system is the protocol used by researchers to enable ethical practices when studies are conducted related to sensitive information regarding health, socio-cultural orientation; socio-economic status; sexual conduct and finances, among some others, which are distinct to certain social structures and circumstances. Essentially, these are guidelines protecting subjects from exploitation. Also, researchers can eliminate lawsuits if legislated outlines by the Belmont Report are given adherence. However, prior to passage of the National Research Act in 1974, violations to human subjects’ right pertaining to informed consent and misrepresentations of the truth were rampant. (Institutional review board). ...

Question 1: In some developing countries, antibiotics can be purchased without a prescription. Why do you think this is done? What biological consequences would you predict?

Developing countries have a very weak drug regulation system, characterized with low number of physicians per person. Often, one physician has to attend to a large number of patients, and usually some communities live in places where physicians are rare and hospitals are not easily accessible. In addition, the fees charged for just seeing a physician is quite high for moist people to afford. The government thus allows the sale of some antibiotics in shops and chemist ...