Essays on Photochemical

Describe air quality conditions in the US before steep regulations were imposed.

The United States has experienced the worst air quality conditions during the 1940s and 1950s as an effect of the progressing industrialization and urbanization. Another main reason is that the United States has no national regulation and policy towards hazardous gas emission and air pollution during these periods of time. During the 1940s and 1950s, the United States have experienced deadly photochemical smog on major cities including Los Angeles and Donora(Williams, 2013). In addition, the ozone levels in the lower layers of the atmosphere exceed its limit and become dangerous to people as well as the environment. During ...

Assignment Questions

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) gets set up by the EPA by the Clean Air Act. The six principle pollutants entail the photochemical oxidants, lead, carbon monoxide, ground-level ozone, sulfur oxides as well as nitrogen oxides. Regulation of surface level ozone reduces the impact and other pollution damages on crops. Likewise, photochemical oxidants prompted particular action from the commission under NAAQS to develop standards that controlled coarse and fine atmospheric particles in the air. Also, the oxidants had the ability to poison agricultural foods just like lead. Therefore, the optimal level for lead is now at 1.5 mew-grams ...

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Gasoline and Diesel are both derived from petroleum. This is done by heating petroleum so that different components boil at different temperatures. The other products of importance obtained from this process are propane, bitumen, kerosene, etc.

Gasoline is made up of various constituent compounds. The chief constituent is Isooctane (IUPAC name: 2,2,4 – trimethylpentane). Its chemical formula is C8H18 and undergoes combustion according to the following equation.

Gasoline is very volatile liquid (more volatile than diesel). It is very stable. It can be stored indefinitely under proper conditions (Reduced air exposure, cool temperatures, etc.). It has a relative density ...