Essays on Physiol

Literature on the effect of environmental stress caused by changes in the climate is more relevant today than it has been before, especially in the context of global warming (Beniston 2010). Schulte (2014) and Somero (2010) published articles on environmental stress and climate change respectively. Reading the two articles offers an understanding of how the two variables are interrelated and the effect that they have on living organisms. The manner in which the arguments are constructed presents with various positives and negatives. This critique will highlight the positives and negatives with the help of literature from other scholars. Schulte ( ...

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

Patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and congestive heart failure have a high risk of developing impaired tissue perfusion and deep vein thrombosis. In this case, Mr. X, 71 years of age has a history of lower leg cellulitis and venous stasis ulcers in both extremities. Based on clinical and nursing diagnosis, Mr. X was known to have impaired tissue perfusion and the risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. Nursing diagnosis also revealed an altered body image due to psychosocial reasons and current health status (Mitchell C. 2016). Abnormal flow or maldistribution of blood circulation associated with selective vasoconstriction, ...

Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Hall K, Stein C. Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain. JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain Wayne A. Ray, PhD1; Cecilia P. Chung, MD, MPH2; Katherine T. Murray, MD2,3; Kathi Hall, BS1; C. Michael Stein, MB, ChB2,3 [+] Author Affiliations JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

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Abstract ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONCLUSIONS | ARTICLE INFORMATION | REFERENCES Importance  Long-acting opioids increase the risk of unintentional overdose deaths but also may increase ...

Influence of Temperature and Neurotransmitters on Heart Rate in crayfish

TA for the Experiment: Introduction The cardiovascular system achieves key physiological functions in animals. Particularly, crayfish (Procambarus clarkia), also known as freshwater lobster, have been used to study physiological processes. This is because it is easier to study them in this species than in any other organism. In Crayfish, the circulatory system is open. Blood moves from the heart through the arteries and goes back through the open sinuses. Their heart is located in the cephalotorax, in front of the first abdominal segment, in the dorsal portion. Basic heart rate beat and rhythm in adult crustaceans depends on a ...