Essays on Physiologist

In psychology, there is a learning theory that states that as we learn, we adjust the manner in which we perceive our environment and the manner in which we interpret the incoming stimuli. Consequently, all this alters the way we interact, or behave. It is from this theory that one learns about behaviorism. The latter is the study or our behaviors after exposure to given stimuli within the environment. This helps us in understanding the effects given stimuli have on us. In the learning theory, we have classical and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, one learns to associate one ...

At what level were women participating in the sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, engineering, etc.) in the 18th and 19th centuries The question about the role and contribution of women in science has been a key research question in many studies. Women in sciences have also evolved into being a course that one can take at a university level. It is an important question to understand the role of women in science in 18th and 19th century. The most import thing to understand what as the significant contribution that women played during the two centuries. This research looks at the ...

Psychology: Behaviourism and Free Will

I. Introduction: Behaviorism and Free Will Behaviorism (or learning theory) focuses primarily on overt or observable and quantifiable behaviors and excludes subjective phenomenon such as motives, feelings, and so on. It explains the processes, principles and laws by which learning occurs. Many schools of thought under behaviorism include Pavlovian, also known as classical or respondent, conditioning. Under the basic tenet of classical conditioning, individuals learn by means of associating neutral stimulus with a meaningful response. Another behaviorism is Skinnerian, a.k.a. operant or instrumental, conditioning. Operant conditioning is the process whereby learning takes place when an action is done ...

Ivan Pavlov was a renowned Russian physiologist whose work on the physiology of digestion contributed to the development of classical conditioning theory. Pavlov got born in 1849 and died in 1936 (Rathus, 2010). He studied to become a physiologist at the University of St. Petersburg. Primarily, Pavlov got focused on studying physiology and the natural sciences. It is through his works in the field of physiology that played crucial roles to the development of psychological theories. Classical conditioning got to be the first model of learning. Most of his work gets based on the field of classical conditioning and conditioned reflexes ( ...

Understanding an individual’s behavior is a complicated task, which requires a learning experience. Human behavior is unpredictable and complex and trying to understand it requires a high degree of accuracy. Different people have varying characteristic behaviors and psychologists have come up with different theories to explain why people behave in certain ways. Even when the psychologists put more effort in explaining these theories, people are still not enlightened on their behaviors. Williams James was a very excellent psychologist whose work has influenced many people in their daily lives. According to James (1950), Williams James was guided by four aspects (social self, spiritual ...

Classical Conditioning

The pioneering brain behind classical conditioning was a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), who identified this type of learning while working with dogs; a discovery that would later win him tremendous international accolades and knighthood. Pavlov’s classical conditioning has since become monumental in learning with most scholars perceiving it as a fundamental form of learning. This type of learning is at times called Pavlovian learning or conditioning in honor to the exemplary work that Ivan Pavlov did.

Pavlov was researching on the digestive system in dogs where he developed a surgical procedure for implanting fistula tubes into living animals to enable him ...