Essays on Prisoners

Plato described the cosmos as being created by the Craftsman as a living entity with a soul. Since it is a creation it has attributes that all living things share. The cosmos is also separated into two realms, the physical and the eternal. The physical world is one the is ever adapting in both a negative and positive manner and will at some point cease to exist. The eternal is stagnant and without change because it is ruled by reason (Plato, & Jowett 1990). The universe is both physical and eternal because the universe changes and the change must be ...

How to overcome racism if our own justice system is racial? We know that our nation has struggled a lot of unjust racial cases. For example, in the period of pre-civil war, the southern part of the United States was covered with slavery. The life of Black-African American groups was horrible as they were slaves and were treated as slaves also. They were a property that white people could buy and sell, had no rights, and were not protected by the legislature. In 1865, Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery, and the modern days are known for the public fight with ...

Human rights are fundamental for any individual anywhere in the world. The world is always changing and transforming to meet the needs of the increasing globalization and internationalization. In essence, different countries have different sets of human rights. However, there are universal human rights established by international organizations, most notably the United Nations. They are mostly the fundamental freedoms. They include the freedoms of speech, religion, association, expression, and the right to life. Everyone is entitled to these rights, and there are disciplinary measures for countries or leaders who commit crimes that violate the fundamental rights. However, a select ...

Introduction

The book The Lucifer Effect by Philip Zimbardo argues that beneath any man lies some degree of evil, so detrimental if exposed under duress. The Lucifer Effect explains how good men can transform when exposed to stressful environments to commit heinous activities beyond imaginable moral magnitudes. In this regard, the author empirically explains the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) the processes involved in transforming good men into committing evil and heinous activities under duress and powerful situational forces. A comparison between the SPE findings and those of the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq have strong correlations in ...

The Federal Torts Claims Act (FTCA) is the statute that allows for the recovery of damages against the United States (Cann 487). This Act allows prisoners of the federal government and pretrial detainees in federal correction facilities to file lawsuits against the United States if a federal officer injures them. The Federal Torts Claims Act enables a litigant to sue the federal government over torts committed by its employees (Cann 487). The United States has no qualified immunity under this Act. It is important to note that the Act does not limit a noncitizen from suing the federal government. ...

Should prisons be privatized?

Prison privatization is sustained by claims that facilities that are privately operated are cost effective at ensuring the provision of services compared to public institutions. Other evidence show that this assertion is not supported while others do. In addition, when turned into a for-profit industry, a few challenges will accompany incarceration centers. The following points argue for and against prison privatization Fiscal savings through cost containment: People who support private prisons assert that the private sector is saving the available resources through great efficiencies. Safety and services: Advocates claim that prison privatization has been successful in other industries with ...

Abstract

The prison is being used since the people started to live in a society. It is being the necessity to obtain control over the group of people to protect the crimes by punishing the criminals. The history of jails in the US will date back to the British ruling period while it was first introduced to punish the criminals. The jails were not in a good shape on that time that caused the death of many prisoners in health issues. The jails are being reformed day by day and upgraded to the prison system that we witness in the ...

The influx of drug-related criminals is the main cause of overcrowding in most correctional institutions across in the United States and specifically Texas. Offenders' numbers related to other crimes such as homicide, robbery, and burglary have remained steady over the number of years, but drug-related offenders are increasing leading to a high number of them behind bars in prisons across Texas. The problem is captured in a study by the state government which found out that six of ten prisoners in the state and federal facilities are convicted of drug possession or drug abuse charges. As such, this means ...

Shaw v. Murphy 532 U.S. 223 (2001)

While Kevin Murphy was in the Montana State Prison, he became aware that a fellow inmate had been charged with assaulting an officer. He wrote and sent a letter to the prisoner offering to assist the accused inmate with I legal defense. However, as is the norm in prison the letter was intercepted and on the basis of the content of the letter, Murphy was sanctioned by the prison for violating the prison rules that prohibit insolence and interference with the due process hearings. Following the sanctions, Murphy sought a declaratory and ...

If one is looking for a position of a Correctional Office in the State of Delaware he or she must meet the accompanying necessities; the individual must be no less than 19 ½ years old, have a secondary school degree or equal, and have a substantial driver's ID. All applicants must pass a drug test and his criminal background will be checked. During the pre-enrollment process all applicants must finish a composed examination, which incorporates different decision questions identified with visual and acquainted memory, composing capacity, and understanding of readings. Applicants are then positioned in view of scores and set ...

Introduction

The security of correctional staff is one of the greatest challenges facing the U.S. prison department due to the risks present in such settings. The safety of the officers on duty can be improved using the relevant technologies and systems as they make them flexible and their work easier. This essay examines the security issues affecting corrections human resources and proposes the Internet Protocol (IP) video surveillance system as one of the best strategies that can be used by prison administrators to deal with such threats.

Security of Correctional Officers

According to the research that was conducted by the Sentencing Project (2015), over ...

Responses

In Book VII of The Republic, now remembered as Plato’s greatest work, he talks of the benefits of an education and especially for those who are to govern a state. In this book, he relates most people to prisoners in a cave whose hands and legs are fettered. There’s no question that since they have been imprisoned in that cave since childhood, this is their interpretation of ‘reality’ and life which is not true if they get a chance to see the sun in broad daylight and in all its glory. Being able to see the light ...

A police officer is a worker of the criminal justice system, who is not limited in the meaning of a particular rank. As an employee of the police force, officers are the lowest rank, as well as the profession with the most generalized responsibilities. A probation officer, in turn, is rather a supervisor of a limited circle of people. A probation officer is connected to a particular non-custodial criminal, who as well can be a prisoner, released from the incarceration. A prison guard is an officer of the criminal justice system, who works with the imprisoned lawbreakers. The most ...

Introduction

Aging and elderly offenders are a growing demographic within the correctional management system of justice. The increased proportion of prison inmates over the age of 50 is a significant trend that has taxed the system in both economic and sociological ways. Elderly criminal offenders have different requirements than younger inmates, as many studies on gerontology have demonstrated. Among these requirements, the medical health needs of inmates who are declining physically is a prominent concern. Psychological and social factors also assume more significance in the elderly population, whether they are first-time offenders or have been imprisoned for decades. As the ...

There is a lot of debate in the government and scholarly sphere when it comes to when to and how to incarcerate people. A subdivision of that argument comes down to the actual housing that a prisoner is kept in while they are in prison. One method that is used for inmates who commit certain acts, either inside of or outside of prison, is solitary confinement. While this is deemed to be a way to prevent a prisoner from being a danger to others or even himself/herself while in prison, there are many that say that solitary confinement for ...

This is a photo taken in the mine site of of Benguet Corporation in Itogon, Benguet, Philippines. The Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) had been campaigning against the re-opening of the Benguet Corporation by showing photos that depicts the effects of open-pit mining which is the scheme of Benguet corporation in the area for many years. Source: http://pinoyweekly.org/new/2015/11/phfightapec-mining-and-plunder-in-the-north/ The Philippine activists launch a campaign against Chinese bullying with regards the Scarborough Shoal. The Chinese government has been insisting their control over the shoal and used their armed forces to push away the Filipino fisher folk in the area. The Philippine ...

Traidos Bank and Roche’s Drug Trial in China

Introduction An organisation or a firm can set standards that may determine what is good or bad while making decisions. These are the ethics of an organisation, knowing what is right and wrong and deliberately choosing to do the right thing. Traidos bank prides itself on being ethical. It is guided by having six principles. The principles are, promoting sustainable development in everything that they do, respecting and obeying the laws of any country that they work in, respecting human right regardless of race and culture, respecting the environment by discouraging negative influence, being accountable for anything that they ...

Hamas movement has been perceived over the years as an Islamist extremist terrorist movement. This perception has been informed by the mission behind the formation of the movement which is in a nutshell, the obliteration of Israel and the ultimate establishment of a Palestinian state. Besides, the perception derives justification from the religious ideologies such as fundamentalism and radicalization often associated with Islamism and adopted by the Hamas in addition to several terrorist activities that have been carried out by the movement (Pettersen, 2009). However, this paper seeks to portray the Hamas as a movement in pursuit of self-determination ...

Survival, Resilience, and Redemption” by Laura Hillenbrand

During the US Civil War, the Union’s famous Gen. Sherman once said that war is “all hell.” Many military commanders, as well as the countless victims of warfare, have echoed this sentiment down through the ages. Certainly, warfare reveals humanity to sometimes be far less than humane. The worst characteristics of human kind are often brought to the forefront by the nature of war and its relentless objectives. But as horrible as warfare can be for the average soldier in the trenches fighting next to his comrades, it can be (and often is) even more nightmarish and unimaginably ...

Exposure to Racial Discrimination in Criminal Justice System

The criminal justice system of the United States comprises several challenges and flaws, while the issue with the spread of the racial disparity poses the most significant problem to the welfare of the citizens of the country. This problem is not new to the criminal justice system as it has roots in the XX century with the consideration of the cases of African Americans in trial. In the beginning of this period of time, African Americans amounted to 10% of the entire population of the United States, while the amount of the sentenced prisoners may be regarded as relatively ...

Questions and Answer

In order to find the connection between these three terms, first we need to define them. The rule of law, as per Zun, Nollkaemper and Peerenboom (12), denotes the legal principle that accounts for the need of a nation to be governed by law. In other words, it reflects the unlimited exercise of power through subjecting it to well-defined, as well as established laws; laws entrenched in a given constitution of the nation at hand. On the other hand, legitimacy denotes lawfulness of any given thing, and lawful here means it adheres to the laws of a given country’ ...

Abstract

The United States tops the list of the country with the highest number of incarcerated individuals. According to statistics released by the U.S Department of Justice, more than two million Americans were censored to be incarcerated with the local jail or prison. In late 1960, the United States realized the pressure overcrowding was impacting on the taxpayers. The government was spending a lot of money to take care of an individual in prison. Overcrowding led to the demand for better ways to deal with lawbreakers without necessarily taking them to prison, hence community-based correctional program. This paper analyses the ...

International Human Rights Law and Prisons in Africa

Term Paper 4500 words

Introduction

The International Centre for Prison Studies’ World Prison Brief, in its report suggested that over 10 million individuals are formally incarcerated in prison and correctional facilities around the world. According to the same Brief, even more are held in either military facilities where they are detained or in security or police facilities without any specific legal process underway. There are three categories that the United States’ (U.S). Government has for humanitarian and human rights concerns as they relate to these individuals who are housed in a detention facility that is; 1. unsafe in terms of ...

Introduction

The prison system in the United States has followed a system where prisoners are locked away from the rest of society and their families never to be seen nor heard from ever again, it has become a common theme with prison systems. Prisoners are forbidden to see their families, watch movies, and have certain times when items need to be returned so as to eliminate a possible threat against prison staff; many prisons in many states have restricted the rights of all prisoners. Prisoners in California prisons are a shining example of said treatment, it has gotten to the ...

Robert Goren Law and Oder Criminal Intent and Carl Rogers Personality Theory

Carl Roger’s is a renowned psychologist that propagated the Personality Theory which explains the behaviors and characteristics of an individual. The argument shows that the formation of a person’ self-concept results from self-actualization behavior. He said that the self-actualizing characteristics determine a person’s personality. The self-actualization tendencies are as a consequence of the events and the environment in which a person grows up in, as well as the person’s genetic make-up. The environment provides the stimulus that prompts responses from the person. A repeat of the stimuli prompts the development of a self-concept. For any individual ...

Many people who support the death penalty believe that putting convicted criminals to death is a cheaper alternative than housing them in federal prisons for the rest of their lives. In fact, from prosecution to incarceration, the costs associated with carrying out capital punishment are far higher than the costs associated with imposing a life sentence. The burden of these high costs is almost entirely carried by tax payers in sentencing states. Researchers in Maryland empirical study analyzing the financial effects of the death penalty relative to lesser sentences handed down between 1978 and 1999. The researchers found that, ...

Response to Daryle

The state would give protection by having Mark Robertson executed in his case, who was accused of the murder of shooting an 81-year-old woman during a burglary. Robertson did not feel guilty of the crime he committed according to the interviews conducted by police officers. He tried to escape from jail in Las Vegas by setting a fire. The execution of the defendant would have an impact on protection. Although Robertson has not received a capital punishment yet, conviction shows that he will not be set free (Adkins Huff & Stageber 23). The United States may reduce the incarceration rate ...

Essay in English Law Whether it is Unfair for Criminal Justice Insiders to Sit On Jury

Most likely, it is unfair for someone who works in the criminal justice system to be chosen to participate as jury selection-members, in the British legal system. Prior to the time of the Global Recession of 2008, one report discussed several aspects of the UK-defined protocol of what a jury-system process entails. Commentary was made regarding the UK jury system historical roots, trial-jury size, secrecy, independence, and selection (“Jury Service – Crown Prosecution”). One set of erudite Australian Professors noted that the advent of social media had fundamentally caused problems, especially during trials (Wallace et al. 2011). Consider, however, the ...

Movie Review: THX-1138

THX-1138, the main character in the film THX-1138, works as a magnum operator in cell 94107. He was literally created to manipulate the magnum along with other people in his society. In general, the THX-1138 movie is one of the best films that the creator of Star Wars, George Lucas, has ever scripted and directed. In 1976, Lucas produced Electronic Labyrinth: THX-113: 4EB, a short film that won various awards and introduced Lucas to movie fans globally (“George Lucas Biography”). The success of Electronic Labyrinth impressed the director of The Godfather, Frances Coppela, who urged Warner Brothers to provide ...

Response to Maria

Maria’s point of view is no different from that of several other people who have commented about the issue of abduction and trade of illicit goods. Sadly, application of these cautionary measures over and over again has become known to the abductors and consequently become less impactful. I like Maria’s idea that we lock our cars and take care of our belongings. This could essentially reduce but certainly leaves a lot to be desired of our security as civilians. The idea of not buying from the street vendors is however somewhat inhumane, in my understanding. Aside from ...

Historical Origins of Correctional Enterprise

Correctional systems are institutions for rehabilitating criminals. They include prisons and community- based systems. After being convicted in court, criminals may spend time in correctional systems away from friends and family. There are different types of correctional systems classified according to the government level in which they function: private, local, state or federal. They can also be classified according to the level of security, age, and gender (Waldron, et al. 2009). Most correctional systems run Correctional Enterprise programs that provide opportunities for prisoners to learn new skills, be productive, and responsible. This initiative’s objective is to instill values ...

Final Quiz

Psychology Explain the differences of qualitative study design and quantitative study design. The difference in design between the qualitative and quantitative study is that the qualitative design encompasses an exploratory research where both structured and unstructured methods in data collection is employed. On the other hand, the quantitative design relies on numerical data in quantifying a given problem in which statistical methods are employed in interpreting the data.

There are several tools being used in conducting research, but the common tool observed in all studies is the use of measurement.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative study design and quantitative study design.

Qualitative research encompasses an advantage in terms of giving ...

There are several differences between probation and parole and this paper goes into detail to discuss the differences between these two and to give examples of each. According to Latessa and Smith (2015, p. 42), “probation represents one of the unique developments within the criminal justice system” and goes on to define probation as “a conditional sentence that avoids an offender being incarcerated; in other words, it is an alternative disposition available to the court.” Similarly, Petersilia (1997, p. 149) notes that The American Correctional Association defines parole as “a court-ordered dispositional alternative through which an adjudicated offender is ...

Reentry is an issue that has social, and public policy implications. Supervision and release as handled by parole has created more intensity among scholars. Many plausible factors have contributed to as to why offenders have a hard time re-entering the community successfully (Nally, Lockwood, Ho & Knutson, 2012). More than 700, 000 individuals are serving time behind bars. One of the main predictors of post-release recidivism is lack of employment (La Vigne, et al., 2008). It is difficult as for most jobs criminal background checks are required, which in itself is an obstacle and challenge in securing employment upon an ...

Proposition 36 - Literature Review

Before 2000 The three strikes law commonly referred to as Proposition 36 has had a long history. It started in the year 1994 when the state passed Proposition 184, which allowed courts to convict a person from 25 years to lifetime if that person had two or more serious convictions for a violent felony in the past. It also qualified the courts to double a person’s penalty of a convict if had been convicted of a felony before (Farabee et al., 2004). The initial attitude was that it was mandatory in all qualifying cases. This attitude came to ...

There are many changes that have been taking place in the American landscape as it relates to correctional facilities over the last several decades (Austin and Irwin, 2012). These changes are likely to impact the way correctional facilities are dealt with. This paper highlights and discusses three likely trends in correctional facilities over the coming ten years. One of the changes that has taken place over the last several decades has been the explosion of the local, state, and federal inmate populations in America (Austin and Irwin, 2012). This has meant that both the federal and state governments have ...

The Gladstone Committee Report never used the word rehabilitation; instead, it referred to treatment in reference to the way prisoners were treated while relating to the conditions of prison at that period. Reformation, according to GCR, is not easy to conduct in prison. The Gladstone Committee emphasized especially on the categorization of prisoners for the purpose of treating people as a way of differentiating the crimes committed and the people who committed these crimes. According to the committee, the offenses had no dictation or definition on the characters of the person. The committee additionally supported prohibition of inmates talking; ...

Waterboarding, once used as acceptable form of torture by many countries during war times and for other purposes, is today considered a form of torture by the United States. Though it was used to coerce prisoners of war to give information, it has been widely regarded as inhumane and too harsh, even in the more strenuous of circumstances. When interrogators in black sites began giving firsthand accounts of waterboarding, it was realized just how unacceptable the act was. Coupled with psychological data suggesting the any form of torture is too severe to illicit any true information, it was clear ...

The paper will compare and contrast the custodial model of incarceration of the United States (U.S.) and the rehabilitation model of the United Kingdom (UK). Therefore, I will recommend which of these models is best suited to reduce the rate of recidivism.

Similarities

These models are similar in a couple of ways. First, both of them allow the correspondence or visitation of inmates in prison facilities (Hjalmarsson et al. 2011). Inmates are, therefore, free to communicate with their family members and friends through the phone or visits. Moreover, the incarceration and rehabilitation models offer medical services to inmates. These services ...

Many people agree that the most severe crimes deserve the most severe punishment. A great deal of people views the death penalty as a just and the most appropriate measure in this case. But do you know how many executions were carried out since 1978? Only thirteen. And these thirteen deaths cost about $4 billion taken from the pocket of California taxpayers (Alarcon and Mitchell 541). Impressive numbers, aren’t they? These figures speak for themselves. The death penalty system turned out to be ineffective and has to be replaced with more productive measures. The Proposition 34 is a ...

Response to Luciann Mendez:

I would tend to disagree with this student, as we see more of a roller coaster effect happening with crime rates, even by their own admission. Crime rates have certainly increased since 1941, but they have decreased when one compares 1991 to 2010. I believe it is most likely that we will continue to see rates rise then fall again, as we have seen in previous decades. According to this student, the arrest rate per 100,000 people per year in 2012 was 3,888.2 arrests. According to the FBI website, in 2014 the same rates had dropped to ...

[Your instructor's name] [The course] [The date]

Prison gang is different from a street gang in that its primary aim is to secure the prisoners from being hurt by other prisoners or by the wardens (Voeten, 2013, n. p.). However, as the history shows, the prison gangs have altered their original targets and now they are getting control over the system of law outside the prison. The most threatening of all prison gangs is the Mexican Mafia, also called La Eme (the Spanish letter "m") (Valdemar, 2010, n. p.), which appeared in the 1950s (Morales, 2008, n. p.). What ...

Architecture and any other form of artistry call for the following of certain processes for an artist to achieve given artistic goals. This theme is clearly seen through Gilles Deleuze’s “The Diagramme” and Michel Foucault’s “Panopticism”. In both cases, the aspect of organization is emphasized on with Foucault suggesting a more structured approach to artistry, while Deleuze calls for the establishment of a more liberal architectural thought. Panopticism by Foucault is a concept of how power can be centralized and applied in architectural work. Based on the early practices of cities hit by plagues, Foucault explains that ...

The U.S. Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights was proposed and passed through twelve amendments but only ten were successfully ratified and became part of the United States Constitution, which was at first considered incomplete because it lacked what proponents called the basic human rights. The common belief at that time was that the framing and ratification of the Bill of Rights was to eliminate fears of the Anti-Federalists that the proposed Constitution did not satisfactorily guarantee individual freedoms. Even if individual liberty was important during the debate for the bill of rights, the Bill of Rights was ...

Introduction

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions are approaches that use soft instruments to correct or enhance behavioral characteristics of individuals, either to comply with society expectations or to unlearn a particular behavior. A person with a drugs problem may be trained to handle the urges of taking drugs and avoidance of risky situations, with an aim of solving the problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly referred to as CBT, teaches the subjects a new set of skills designed to increase awareness of thoughts and emotions of an individual. The idea is to re-empower the individual to understand how certain exposures to situations, people ...

Abstract

The proposed study will delve into how the contemporary federal security agents can successfully combat the terrorist organizations within the United States penitentiaries. In particular, the study will aim at contributing to the body of knowledge regarding fighting the domestic terrorism, that is, the terrorism originating from the state and federal correctional facilities. The study will also aim at helping the federal agents avert the recruitment and radicalization of the inmates inside the United States prisons. The study will utilize the survey research design due to its cost effectiveness, generalizability, and efficiency. The research participants will include the security ...

INTRODUCTION

Human civilization has come a long way since it first began establishing communities and attempted to establish law and order. The reality is that there have always been criminals; people who for one reason or another break the laws established and require consequences for their actions. One of the most controversial discussions throughout history is what are the best means to admonish the offenders, protect law-abiding citizens and send a message of deterrence to other would-be offenders. That being said many different approaches to addressing offenders who commit crimes have existed throughout the ancient world to present day. One ...

Proposition 36 - Literature Review

Before 2000 The three strikes law commonly referred to as Proposition 36 has had a long history. It started in the year 1994 when the state passed Proposition 184, which allowed courts to convict a person from 25 years to lifetime if that person had two or more serious convictions for a violent felony in the past. It also qualified the courts to double a person’s penalty of a convict if had been convicted of a felony before. The initial attitude was that it was mandatory in all qualifying cases. This attitude came to change only in 1996 ...

What is considered a serious medical need, how prison authorities make this determination?

In a correctional facility, prisoners have different health related issues. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the jail authorities to determine the validity of the numerous health cases as some prisoners always fake being sick. A prisoner is considered to have a severe medical need if he or she has been diagnosed by a physician (Scott, 2010). The physician should carry out tests on the prisoner to determine if the prisoner is indeed sick. In the case a prisoner feels ill; the prisoner should report to the prison authority this medical condition. Besides, the prison authorities should act promptly ...

Final Essay: Robert Bresson’s Dictum & Film Analysis of “A Man Escaped”

Introduction The modern film-viewer may anticipate feeling abashed, or risk feeling bored when scrutinizing an old, black-and-white movie that lacks an action package. However, Robert Bresson’s film made in 1956, A Man Escaped, offers a compelling example of filmmaking skills which captivate the attention of its audience. One of Director Robert Bresson’s favorite dictums asserts that “What is for the eye must not duplicate what is for the ear” (“Notes on Sound”). Control of narrative space, and command of sound perspective strategies in the film demonstrate an exercise of the filmmaker’s philosophy. The film analysis herein, ...

Three of the provisions contained in the first amendment in the US Bill of rights have changed the way prisoners are treated and how they seek fair treatment in the hands of the criminal justice system (Witte & Nichols 2011). Firstly, that individuals, as well as the press, have the right to express themselves freely without undue influence from congress or laws made by congress. Secondly, that individuals and entities have the right to petition the government and thirdly, the right to choose one's religion. The above provisions, are particularly important to prisoners since prior to the amendment, prisoners in ...

Indeterminate sentencing and parole received a fair share of criticism that led to their ultimate abandonment by some states. The sentencing system, for example, was seen to be an unnecessary burden to the tax payer through allowing prisoners to overstay their due term even after a successful change of behavior (Rikard & Rosenberg 2007). Secondly, the shifting of prisoners from one jail to another due to overcrowding in jails led to confusion over the assessment of change of behavior by prisoners since, at times, prisoners were sent to jails that could not continue the rehabilitation program they were on (Ball ...

Actions

The Effectiveness of Pretrial Bail in Ensuring that Criminals are Held Accountable for Their Actions Abstract There is an increased concern over the rising costs of maintaining the correction facilities. Law breakers are held as they wait for their trials thus exerting more pressure on the already congested prison facilities. Whereas the correction facilities are important part of the judicial system, the cost implications are and in some cases exceed the benefits that are reaped from them. Incarnation is preferred as the main form of punishment for the law breakers. The system has been in place since time in ...

Utilitarianism and Taxes

Taxes are an important part of most modern societies. Nevertheless, as with almost anything, one has the option of actually going through with the action or not. Some might say that not paying taxes would be acceptable, as this implies taking personal property away from one person. Nevertheless, Utilitarianists would surely agree that one should pay one’s taxes, as it would ensure that everybody’s needs are covered. According to Utilitarianists, ethics is a way to maximize the greatest amount of good among the greatest number of people, minimizing the harmful effects. Typically, taxes are not high, so ...

When power is granted to an individual to exert over another, interesting things can happen. The balance of authority is often tenuous and can be navigated if the semblance of order is respected and followed. When that order is ignored and the authority is placed in the hands of those who seek to use it for personal gain however, the balance is quickly lost. The Stanford Prison Experiment shows how absolute power corrupts absolutely. Seeking to display the very real situations that occur between prison guards and convicts, a study was conducted at Stanford University in 1971 to test ...

Dehumanization in the America’s prisons hinders some of the offenders from getting justice. Importantly, some inmates serve long sentences for nonviolent crimes such as minor drug offenses (Bibas, 2015). This aspect leads to overcrowding in the America’s prisons, which may affect the health of the prisoners negatively. Ideally, some inmates suffer from disease and disorders that arise due to overcrowding. Dehumanization leads to an increase in violence, which violates their legal and justice rights (Slambrouck, 1998). Intimates who face mistreatments such as brutal beating, assaults from federal officers and fellow intimates do not get justice. Such injustice ...

Viktor E. Frankl “Man’s Search for Meaning.” Psychological Effects of Camp Life Viktor E. Frankl was a well-known author –psychiatrist of a very difficult destiny. He experienced several years as a prisoner in a concentration camp of Auschwitz and wrote a very impressive autobiographical book “Man’s Search for Meaning” that concerns many aspects of a human being perception of reality in difficult and nearly impossible conditions of living.

There were some ways for prisoners how to survive. The first one was to become a Capo, a kind of a helper for SS men. In order to be ...

The practice of “Extraordinary Rendition” has been widely publicized and criticized. It involves the covert transfer of alleged terrorists, who are citizens of other nations, from one country to another country in which the questioning of imprisoned persons involve extreme measures because pertinent international laws there are either lax or do not exist. In actuality, these countries have low regard for the humane treatment of prisoners, more often times than not, prisoners who are victims of “Extraordinary Rendition” are tortured. According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), “the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States and other U.S. ...

Combating Terrorism: Extraordinary Renditions and Advanced Interrogations

Terrorist attacks have been the fiercest, threatening the national security of most countries. Various measures have developed to combat the crime of terrorism by different countries. The most common way of disciplining criminals is the use of judicial procedures where the suspects are proved guilty by the criminal courts and appropriate disciplinary measures applied based on the crime committed. However, other measures are used exclusively by some governments to punish the suspects of terror attacks. Among these methods is the use of extraordinary renditions, which involve surrendering the criminals to another country for interrogation and detention (Horowitz & Cammarano, 2013). ...

Crime is an act committed in violation of the law and is punishable. However, just because people fall into such situations does not necessarily mean that they are not human and, therefore, criminals should get respect under the law, just like any other person. For this reason, sentencing and correctional reform program were developed in the US with Pennsylvania being the initiator of the operation. In 1787, Pennsylvania Prison Society was established with the principal obligation to mend the living conditions of inmates and refinement in prison. There exist some bodies that joined this movement towards achieving the same ...