Essays on Recidivism

Teen drug addiction is a major problem present in the society, and delinquent youth often end up relapsing into their addiction after they have been undergoing treatment and have stayed in a correctional facility. It is true to the extent that many youths who have been admitted to juvenile correctional facilities have faced educational, financial and family issues which have made them delinquent and residing to drugs. Amongst those in the facility and under judicial orders were those, who were regular drug abusers and were found guilty on multiple occasions. Relapsing into a former condition will have various factors ...

The rise in imprisonment in America over the past years has risen at an alarming rate. The United States of America prison population has increased from about three hundred thousand inmates in the 1970’s to over one million inmates in recent years. Statistics show that America has the highest number of inmates in the world (Pfaff 173).The so-called “war on drugs ” which attracted long prison sentences has acted as a major factor contributing to the increase in the prison population (Golembeski 1702). Between the years 2003 and 2010, the prison population rate in the state of Georgia ...

Youths are not generally tried in adult court for the crimes that they commit. This is because most of the crimes committed by youths are not serious enough to justify incarcerating them alongside adult offenders. Most youths are tried in juvenile court and are sentenced to serve time in juvenile detention facilities if convicted. However, this does not apply to youths who are convicted of more serious crimes, such as murder. The age at which a person can be tried in adult versus juvenile court differs between states. In forty-one states the maximum age of a juvenile before being ...

Introduction

A recent report of the International Longevity Center-UK (ILC-UK) indicated that dementia can no longer be viewed as an isolated disorder due to a high prevalence of medical comorbidities, often undiagnosed, associated with it (Scrutton & Brancati, 2016). Patients with dementia also had received a less coordinated comorbidity treatments, resulting to the faster decline of their daily functioning, a reduction in their quality of life (QOL), and earlier mortality events than patients with these comorbidities, but in the absence of dementia. The report also noted other important findings, which exacerbated the need for better therapeutic options in dealing with dementia, ...

Abstract

The issue of how criminals are sentenced and treated is a problem within in the United States and around the world. The sentence given for a crime that is committed is not always equal from one state or region to another. Diversion programs are therefore a method that have been created to offer a second chance to first-time offenders and youthful offenders that are deemed worthy of a second chance. These programs are designed to be supervised and carried out by certified and experienced professionals at the behest of the court, and are meant to curb any and all ...

Incarceration is used to deter juveniles from committing crimes, making the juvenile system more punitive. Serious juvenile crimes are those of a violent in nature, as reported in the FBI Uniform Crime Report. Juvenile arrests for robbery were alarming as this increased more than 30% since 2004 (Roberts 3). Female offenders for robbery have also increased, as reported in 1985 to 2002. Drug abuse violations rank next, but could also be the reason for committing robbery and violent crimes. This kind of juvenile offenses can be considered serious and needs more severe punishment. However, the question here is the ...

Background

Domestic violence has occurred for as long as their has been a written record. This is evidenced by laws, usually permitting it, throughout antiquity. It has most likely existed since humanity began, as it is observed in our closest genetic relatives, and seems to be stimulated by very primal parts of the brain. The Journal of the American Medical association began to describe battered child syndrome in the 1960’s, and between the beginning of humanity and when domestic abuse began to be described as a societal problem, little if anything was done. Since then, the United States has ...

Disadvantages of Juvenile Justice System

The primary disadvantages found in the juvenile justice system are both interconnected and based largely on what it fails to do as opposed to what it does. Although it was designed to meet the unique needs of children involved in criminal activity as a means of curtailing recidivism, it has not consistently been able to meet the very standards it has set for itself. Worse yet, in failing to do so, the juvenile justice system has acted to complicate the problem even more. Issues of escalating criminal behavior in adulthood, failure to address mental health needs, and racial bias ...

Psychological testing was developed to examine the cognitive and behavioral aspects of a patient. A variety of tests have been created to evaluate the individual to determine either the diagnosis of the individual or simply to attain an assessment or evaluation of the individual. Each test discussed below can provide advantages to the forensic setting. The validity and reliability of these tests have been extensively evaluated and are discussed. 1. Mental Status Exam The Mental Status Exam (“MSE”) is used to evaluate a patient’s mental functions and behaviors. The MSE was created as a tool for clinical psychologists ...

Mission

The mission of the program is to rehabilitate former personnel of an armed forces division. The program requires the perpetrator to undergo a lengthy process between six to twenty-four months. During this time, the perpetrator will pay for lab services and any other additional clinical testing. The goal is to provide effective assistance and enabling offenders to rejoin society successfully. This is one way to arrest recidivism among repeat offenders who might yield to disciplinary conditions and reform (Tarrant County, 2016).

Type of offender

The type of offender for the program is either a first time offender, repeat offender of a specific ...

Describe the study’s research design.

The study’s design was a relatively simple one, and the approach was experimental. During the study, officers of the Minneapolis police department were asked a series of questions regarding handling domestic violence calls (Sherman & Berk, 1984). The officers in the study were asked about three different ways to handle domestic violence calls, and were then assigned to three different manners of dealing with these calls (Sherman & Berk, 1984). Bachmann & Schutt (2013) suggest that engaging in follow-up interviews can be beneficial for both qualitative and quantitative studies. The study lasted for seventeen months (Sherman & Berk, 1984). During this time, ...

Reentry is an issue that has social, and public policy implications. Supervision and release as handled by parole has created more intensity among scholars. Many plausible factors have contributed to as to why offenders have a hard time re-entering the community successfully (Nally, Lockwood, Ho & Knutson, 2012). More than 700, 000 individuals are serving time behind bars. One of the main predictors of post-release recidivism is lack of employment (La Vigne, et al., 2008). It is difficult as for most jobs criminal background checks are required, which in itself is an obstacle and challenge in securing employment upon an ...

Proposition 36 - Literature Review

Before 2000 The three strikes law commonly referred to as Proposition 36 has had a long history. It started in the year 1994 when the state passed Proposition 184, which allowed courts to convict a person from 25 years to lifetime if that person had two or more serious convictions for a violent felony in the past. It also qualified the courts to double a person’s penalty of a convict if had been convicted of a felony before (Farabee et al., 2004). The initial attitude was that it was mandatory in all qualifying cases. This attitude came to ...

The paper will compare and contrast the custodial model of incarceration of the United States (U.S.) and the rehabilitation model of the United Kingdom (UK). Therefore, I will recommend which of these models is best suited to reduce the rate of recidivism.

Similarities

These models are similar in a couple of ways. First, both of them allow the correspondence or visitation of inmates in prison facilities (Hjalmarsson et al. 2011). Inmates are, therefore, free to communicate with their family members and friends through the phone or visits. Moreover, the incarceration and rehabilitation models offer medical services to inmates. These services ...

Introduction

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions are approaches that use soft instruments to correct or enhance behavioral characteristics of individuals, either to comply with society expectations or to unlearn a particular behavior. A person with a drugs problem may be trained to handle the urges of taking drugs and avoidance of risky situations, with an aim of solving the problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly referred to as CBT, teaches the subjects a new set of skills designed to increase awareness of thoughts and emotions of an individual. The idea is to re-empower the individual to understand how certain exposures to situations, people ...

Proposition 36 - Literature Review

Before 2000 The three strikes law commonly referred to as Proposition 36 has had a long history. It started in the year 1994 when the state passed Proposition 184, which allowed courts to convict a person from 25 years to lifetime if that person had two or more serious convictions for a violent felony in the past. It also qualified the courts to double a person’s penalty of a convict if had been convicted of a felony before. The initial attitude was that it was mandatory in all qualifying cases. This attitude came to change only in 1996 ...

Community based correctional programs are a commonly used alternative to prison. They are an effective option especially when it comes to reducing recidivism, are cheaper, and also prevents overcrowding in prison. In this case, the community based program will feature several aspects. First, it will feature a functional family therapy. Every individual needs the input of family members to change. Unfortunately for offenders, it becomes difficult to relate positively with family members. This aspect will ensure that the offender not only avoids risky behavior, but also experiences improved functioning across key life domains (Klingele, 2015). Family members will be ...

Community members risk a great risk of getting themselves hurt at the hands of people prone to violence. The relevance of the study is that it highlights what is instrumental in determining the extent to which mentally ill and violent individuals are likely to pose risk to members of communities, be they prison, hospital or standard civilian groups of people. The literature review will include a board concept of community. Samuel (2015) defined the concept of community as applicable to a human group sharing a geographical area. Following this logic, the notion is possible to apply to patients and ...

Rev. Gregory Boyle is the founder and executive director of the Homeboy Industries. Boyle is a Los Angeles Native, who joined the Jesuits and was ordained to be a Catholic priest in 1984. He studied a bachelor’s degree in English and philosophy at Gonzaga University and obtained a master’s degree in English, Divinity, and Sacred Theology from Loyola Marymount University, Weston School of Theology, and Jesuit school of Theology at Berkeley respectively. Boyle worked with Christian communities in Cochabamba in Bolivia, served as the chaplain in Mexican corrective facility and California before joining the poorest Catholic Parish ( ...

Actions

The Effectiveness of Pretrial Bail in Ensuring that Criminals are Held Accountable for Their Actions Abstract There is an increased concern over the rising costs of maintaining the correction facilities. Law breakers are held as they wait for their trials thus exerting more pressure on the already congested prison facilities. Whereas the correction facilities are important part of the judicial system, the cost implications are and in some cases exceed the benefits that are reaped from them. Incarnation is preferred as the main form of punishment for the law breakers. The system has been in place since time in ...

The Meta-analysis program involves individual counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, family counseling, mentoring and aftercare of the delinquent juveniles. Meta-analysis is one of the many procedures that have been engineered by researchers to curb delinquent behavior in adolescents. The meta-analysis research that was conducted on over 400 delinquents shows that the strategy is making progress in reducing the number of repeat crimes in the society (Petrosino & Lavenberg, 2007). Groups which went through the treatment have a 10 percent less recidivism compared to that of untreated groups. Most programs which were successful had four distinct characteristics which include the availability of ...

Abstract

This paper evaluates several sources to try and determine whether the needs of youth in juvenile detention facilities are being met. While most youths consider counselling to be effective, more than half of them do not have the pleasure of working with professional mental health personnel. The education system used in most of these facilities tends to be ineffective because the needs of detained youth are different from the needs of their counterparts in the general population. Further, there are various disruptions, including court proceedings and security procedures that take up plenty of time that would be used for ...

Literature Review

The paper reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of incarcerating criminals in prisons and the associated expenses that the government incurs to jail them and maintain the prisons. According to Gilgan (2015), the expenses, which are substantial, are funded by the taxes collected from the citizens. His opinion is that a prison sentence for every criminal is neither rational nor an economically viable solution for the U.S. Government. The crucial question that the paper will explore is whether using tax dollars to imprison criminals is the ideal way to utilize the money gathered, and how might they be ...

Abstract

Criminal Justice research is essential to upgrade law enforcement efficiency in combatting criminal activity. Hence, it is important for the research to come up with specific purpose in relation to the problem. Research purposes outline the problem and plot the procedure for the researcher to achieve the desired outcome. The four principle research purposes each have potential influence outcomes of subsequent researches. It is imperative to choose the proper approach and to ensure that the outcome contains the solution on how to deal with each type of criminal activity. It is remarkable that despite their dynamics, the research purposes ...

Inductive Thematic Analysis

Introduction Drug crimes are increasingly becoming a major concern on both local and global fronts. Current research (Braun and Clarke, 2012) suggests that the thematic analysis of important data sources such as sentencing remarks would facilitate the efficacy of available strategies in these crimes. The purpose of this assignment is to analyse the themes that comprise the societal understanding of the occurrence and penalties of drug-related crime. The researcher uses information from seven courtroom sentencing remarks from Adelaide, Southern Australia. This inductive thematic analysis identifies overarching themes that are evident across all seven documents. The themes include “gender and ...

The United States has the highest prison population in the world while having only 5 percent of the world’s population (Liptak, 2008). While most of the people who are incarcerated are in the prison system because of non-violent or drug related offenses. With most of these consisting of Hispanic and African American people from lower income areas. This disproportion is caused mainly because of the lack of equal access to education. Four in every ten prisoners returns to jail within three years of being released “a collective rate that has remained largely unchanged in years, despite huge increases ...

The living environment shapes who people are. Naturally, in neighborhoods with a negative criminogenic environment, people often go deviant, and, when they do, it often is at a relatively young age. Researchers have gone to great lengths to study the underlying causes of delinquent behavior of young residents. Poverty appears to be one of the principal driving forces of offenders long with income disproportion, albeit to a far lesser extent. The blockade of opportunities or the means to achieve culturally acceptable norms in the society is also an important motivation. While race is not universally found to cause delinquency, ...

Abstract

Juvenile delinquency in the United States is steadily increasing at an alarming rate. The age pool of offenders keeps on decreasing even for violent crimes such as homicide and rape. It is unclear on how the society deteriorated in successive decades since the 1970s crack cocaine epidemic. Street gangs took over droves of students into their establishments while promising acceptance. The programs that came to the aid of the criminal justice system were two pronged. The primary program is prevention. This program holds the potential to safeguard schoolchildren who are yet to succumb to the pressures and circumstances around ...

Mental illnesses are the mental disorders that cause changes in a person’s thinking, emotion, and behaviour. The illnesses are likely to cause problems to a person’s social and work functioning (Parekh, 2015). There is inadequate knowledge and skills on how to deal with people with these disorders. The involvement of mentally ill people in the criminal justice system continues to increase, which raises concern for administrators, policy makers, and treatment providers in the justice system. This is one area that requires change and people to be more educated on the subject. I had a chance to work ...

With the issue of crime, the levels of criminal recidivism and high rates of incarceration becoming more and a more serious, there has been a need to find ways of reducing the emphasis on punishment within the US criminal justice system. One of the ways through which this objective can be achieved has been found after years of studies and research to lie in rehabilitation as an alternative mechanism for dealing with criminal offenders within the justice system. Thus, there have been calls to integrate rehabilitation and punishment as a parallel strategy of controlling crime and recidivism.

The Theoretical Perspectives of Rehabilitation Strategies

The main ...

Introduction

Violence within prison complexes is common in almost all parts of the world. The violence can originate from staff or inmate. The correctional systems in several countries attempted newer approaches to incarceration in order to avoid violence on prison complexes. There are very few complexes in the world that have reduced rates of violence or can claim to be violence free. Instead of rehabilitation, prisoners face entrapment in a dangerous game. The level of accountability towards prisoners and their safety diminishes in regions such as Asia, Middle East, and South America. The United Nations established a set of international ...

One of the points we take pride in as Americans is being the land of the free. While we like to hold this idea up as a reason we are a great country, we currently house over 20% of the world’s prison population, while only having 5% of the world’s population according to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) web site. This means that 1 out of every 110 adults is currently incarcerated. Between the years of 1978 and 2014 the prison population has risen a staggering 408%, and will most likely continue to grow. These numbers ...

The

ABSTRACT The underage offenders can not be treated as adult criminals. Children have more chances to change. A special court system for juveniles has created a service-delivery system that provides minors with education, guidance, and supervision. The courts for juveniles also differ from the ones for adults. Commonly, the juvenile courts are informal in order not to stress the child, but minors has still have less rights in the court than adults. Also children can be punished for the cases that are absolutely legal for adults, like possession of alcohol and tobacco and running away from home. Minors are ...

Introduction

The number of mentally ill offenders in American jails continues to grow every year. The Bureau of Justice estimates that approximately 16% of incarcerated persons have been diagnosed with active symptoms of severe mental illness, and about 75% of these people have related drugs and alcohol use disorder ("Mental Health and Criminal Justice", 2000). The presence of mentally ill defendants in the criminal justice system has significant costs on the system and harm on these defendants. It is almost impossible to care for these prison populations; thus, the mental health courts system advocates for the removal of mentally ill ...

Introduction

Correctional reforms are an important part of the criminal justice system. The reforms can reduce recidivism or have the opposite effect depending on its implementation based on cultural beliefs. Every region of the world has its unique philosophies. Despite changes in political paradigms, the cultural values find their purpose even in the new laws. Eventually, all penal systems aim to achieve an intolerance for criminal behavior from their respective civilian population. The success of any reformist drive must have the potential to derive a law that will work for the entire community. Although this criterion might seem difficult, it ...

ABSTRACT

The juvenile crime rate has made a significant increase in America as children as young as eight years old are committing violent crimes. The juvenile justice system was first created to keep children out of adult prisons and to rehabilitate the children so that they will become productive non-criminal adults. This system has not been effective. Children are impacted by many factors when faced with decisions in today’s society. They are not as developed and lack the reasoning capability like adults. Thus, new approaches to juvenile justice must be instilled throughout the country in order to prevent more ...

10 week correctional program

INTRODUCTION

The Correctional Counseling Implementation Plan provide insight into the details to various cognitive-behavioral treatment programs that aims to address some issues facing the offenders. Such issues include relapse prevention, substance abuse, domestic violence, criminal thinking, and anger management among others. The treatment will be applicable for the adult male and female offenders. This program will utilize the institutional counselors that include counselors, psychologists, social workers, case managers, recreation specialists, and educators. According to Voorhis (2013), the institutional counseling is more effective than community-based program because it enhances supervision and monitoring of the offenders. The aim ...

Holtfreter K. and Wattanaporn K. (2013). The Transition from Prison to Community Initiative: An Examination of Gender Responsiveness for Female Offender Reentry. Criminal Justice and Behavior. The review looks at the reentry of female prisoners based on the context of The Transition from Prison to Community Initiative. The program consists of different stages that the justice system follows to facilitate the restoration of ex-convicts into the society (Holtfreter and Wattanaporn, 2013). The writers conduct the analysis to assess the current reentry practices and policies that allow gender responsiveness. They illustrate the correctional outcomes and restoration methods in two cities ...

This paper is a study of the effectiveness of a community-based correctional program. The researchers opined that a “relationship exists between the program integrity of the Correctional Program Assessment Inventory (CPAI) and its effectiveness” (Lowenkamp, Latessa & Smith, 2006). To test this hypothesis, the researchers conducted interviews, survey and documentary analyses. “Descriptive statistics” (Lowenkamp et al., 2006) was used to compare the offenders’ “demographic characteristics” (Lowenkamp et al., 2006) and to calculate “the treatment effect sizes and weights” (Lowenkamp et al., 2006). The results revealed that on the treatment effects in which all program participants were considered, “most programs are ...

Introduction

Effective parenting is essential to the moral development of a child. In fact, lack thereof compromises the ethical beliefs maintained by the child, and this could result in the indulgence in unacceptable behaviors. According to the Journal of Family Violence, females are more vulnerable to the effects of distant parenthood than the male gender (Bowles, Dana and Jennifer 681). As a result, witnessing traumatizing events in their early developmental stages could negatively affect their social abilities and integration with other people. With this in mind, it is worth appreciating the fact that most of the female inmates had instances ...

It takes a great deal of effort to trust, and once that is lost then it takes a monumental amount of effort to get it back. The committing of a crime against another is a betrayal not only to an individual but to society in general, as it proves that the perpetrator cannot be trusted to exist in an ordered manner among their fellow citizens. In breaking that trust it is often seen that criminals will be labeled for the rest of their days as convicts, untrustworthy and unable to be seen as anything other than a lawbreaker and ...

In 1764, Cesare Beccaria published the book, On Crime and Punishment. His work provided the foundations of classical criminology. In classical criminology, benefits and consequences are argued to be behind all human behavior. Most people compare the future benefits and costs of particular actions before they commit a crime. The argument put forward is that individuals would not participate in any criminal action if the cost is relatively higher than the benefit (Marcello 3). This paper seeks to analyze the Beccaria’s classical school of criminology and how it changed the justice system in the western world. It also ...

Abstract

Rising rates of recidivism in the United States have developed concerns pertaining to the effectiveness of prisons as correctional facilities. In this study, the focus is to assess the suitability of faith-based correctional methods in promoting inmates reentry into the society. Some discussed methods include Inner change programs, prison chaplaincy, and meditational strategies. Several studies have indicated significant declines in recidivism rates among inmates who participated in these initiates. For example, Duwe & Johnson (2013) found that inmates who engaged in Inner change programs in Minnesota were less likely to be arrested by at least 8% compared to their counterparts ...

Study

Abstract Juvenile transfer laws is one of the most controversial issue on the today’s criminal justice agenda of the United States of America. Thus, the policymakers vehemently argue that the possibility of being tried ‘as an adult’ is an effective general, specific and potential deterrent of juvenile crime. Enacted in the majority of the states, the juvenile transfer laws are thought to be an effective restraint against juvenile recidivism, an effective tool for rehabilitation of the young offenders and a solution, which protects the community against the most dangerous juvenile offenders. Yet, the several studies demonstrated that these ...

Problem 1

Social and economic status influence criminal behavior. The independent variable of the problem is the state of one’s economic situation while the dependent variable is criminal behavior. The American Psychological Association (n.d) noted that an individual’s social and economic status affects physical and mental health, daily activities, and living areas. Besides, one’s financial abilities would influence levels of education and poverty and may predispose one to criminal behavior. At the same time, since poverty may have significant adverse effects on the mental health of the people, it follows that the individual may be susceptible to criminal ...

The Strengths and Stressors tracking device indicated an adequate environment (including stability in housing, safety in community, food and nutrition, personal hygiene, transportation). The results indicated that an inadequate attention is paid to the learning environment needs of the child, as indicated by lack of school supplies in the home as well as frequent school absences.(“Strengths and Stressors Tracking Device”, n.d.) The clear area of stress as indicated by Strengths and Stressors test was in the area of Family and Caregivers (“Strengths and Stressors Tracking Device”, n.d.) In this part of the instrument, respondents are asked to rate ...

Introduction

Once inmates or detainees have fully served their sentence and are released, the time to re-join society comes. This transaction is tough despite the amount of time they serve in prison. Subsequently, a large number of detainees who are released from prison re-offend and eventually return to prison. This occurrence is what is known as recidivism, almost relative to a relapse. It is among the measurements used commonly to determine how well-armored individuals are to be released and return to society. This paper discusses the relationship between human dignity and the mission for public safety in prisons plus the ...

Introduction

Juvenile correctional approaches in the United States centers around the best interest of the child. Young children below the age of 18 fall into the juvenile category. The system offers to purge any criminal record after a stipulated period of time and at the completion of certain terms. The juvenile records remain sealed from public record during this time and are rarely unsealed in spite of exceptional circumstances. Juvenile offenders are first part of a meeting between the State prosecutors to discuss the options of community service for nonviolent crimes. Only in the event of not reaching a conclusive ...

Lievore (2004, p. 25) indicated that recidivism can be defined repeated arresting, reconviction of a person for criminal behavior. Also, the author points out sexual offenders can recidivate in non-violent and non-sexual violent crimes as well as in sexual crimes. Lievore also indicates that there are hidden and visible sex-offenders. Studies of recidivism for sex crimes are based on studying of visible sex-offenders. However, it is no clear if visible offenders reflect the whole population of individual committed sexual crimes. Falshaw, Friendship, and Bates used unofficial combined sources to examine rates of recidivism among sexual offenders. The rate of ...

Question 1

In his extension of labeling theory, John Braithwaite explores the nature and impact of shaming. He distinguishes two different types of shaming namely the disintegrative shaming and reintegrative shaming. Disintegrative Shaming refers to a type of negative labeling by the system of juvenile justice that is consistent with traditional labeling notions, and that is consistent with traditional labeling notions, and that assume stigmatize forms and eliminate targeted youths (Braithwaite 32). For a juvenile who is marked as either delinquent or pre-delinquent, legitimate avenues to conventional membership society become severely restricted. As a result, the juvenile will likely turn to ...

The focus of the experimental evaluation by researchers David Farabee, Sheldon Zhang and Benjamin Wright was to determine whether a nationally recognized employment focused reentry program in southern California was indeed able to reduce the rate of recidivism of former inmates that were participating in its programs. The underlying point that the researchers want to find through this specific research project is whether or not current reentry programs across the nation can accomplish their stated goals. For the researcher, this is important because while more and more inmates are being released there has been little research completed on whether ...

Overcrowding or overpopulation in prisons is defined as a situation when prison(s) hosts more prisoners contrary to the certified normal accommodation (CNA) as stipulated in the establishment’s requirements (Garcia & Marco, 2012, p. 37). This can be validated when there is the scarcity of rooms for inmates to sleep. Besides, the inability of facilities to offer adequate meals or food, poor health care services for inmates, insufficient staff who can care for inmates and ensure their safety as well as the lack of designated accommodation facilities necessary for detaining separately various types of prisoners, more so those that ...

The main idea from this reading is the idea of what will work in the post corrections environment and what works best to change offender behavior toward this end . The study hypotheses are whether the current post incarceration programs have a chance of reducing the recidivism rates in the future. The methods are used to test the study hypothesis is a literature review of the various types of research that was available at the time of the article and its effectiveness if available. For reentry programs, the aftercare stage speaks to an essential point in the wrongdoer's backslide aversion. ...

Should Criminals Be Punished With Lengthy Jail Terms Or Re-educated And Rehabilitated Using Community Service Programs For Instance, Before Being Reintroduced to Society?

Public opinion concerning criminals and punitive actions has always been one of the most disputable, arguable and ambiguous issues. At the time when some groups of people speak about the necessity of lengthy jail terms, the others believe in rehabilitation and effectiveness of treatment. In my opinion, if we want to achieve positive results, eradicate evil and prevent future crimes, incarceration should be viewed as a necessary and an inevitable punitive action.

In terms of this paper, ...

Drugs such as marijuana and cocaine and amphetamines and heroin together with drug-addiction are correlated to crime in a number of ways. Being a criminal offence to use, to be in possession, to produce, or to dispense these drugs, they are categorized as prohibited. The upshots of usage of drugs, including aggression, including robbery to obtain funds to acquire drugs, including aggression against competitor traffickers, affect the society every day and are criminal effects. A number of treatment alternatives are on hand to tackle inmates' requirements and conditions in the correctional system. Drug treatment programs in correctional centres most often than ...